| 释义 |
motivation
mo·ti·va·tion M0441300 (mō′tə-vā′shən) n. 1. a. The act or process of motivating: the coach's effective motivation of her players. b. The state of being motivated; having a desire or willingness to act: students with a high level of motivation. 2. Something that motivates; an inducement, reason, or goal: "If your primary motivation in life is to be moral, you don't become an artist" (Mary Gordon).
mo′ti·va′tion·al adj. mo′ti·va′tion·al·ly adv. motivation (ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃən) n1. the act or an instance of motivating2. desire to do; interest or drive3. incentive or inducement4. (Psychology) psychol the process that arouses, sustains and regulates human and animal behaviour ˌmotiˈvational adj ˈmotiˌvative adjmo•ti•va•tion (ˌmoʊ təˈveɪ ʃən)
n. 1. an act or instance of motivating. 2. the state of being motivated. 3. something that motivates; inducement. [1870–75] mo`ti•va′tion•al, adj. mo′ti•va`tive, adj. Motivation See Also: AMBITION, PURPOSEFULNESS - Good intentions … like very mellow and choice fruit, they are difficult to keep —G. Simmons
- (I simply) ran out of motives, as a car runs out of gas —John Barth
- The true motives of our actions, like the real pipes of an organ, are usually concealed —Charles Caleb Colton
Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  motivation - the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior; "we did not understand his motivation"; "he acted with the best of motives"motive, needpsychological feature - a feature of the mental life of a living organismlife - a motive for living; "pottery was his life"rational motive - a motive that can be defended by reasoning or logical argumentirrational motive - a motivation that is inconsistent with reason or logicimpulse, urge - an instinctive motive; "profound religious impulses"ethical motive, ethics, morals, morality - motivation based on ideas of right and wrongmental energy, psychic energy - an actuating force or factor | | 2. | motivation - the condition of being motivated; "his motivation was at a high level"condition, status - a state at a particular time; "a condition (or state) of disrepair"; "the current status of the arms negotiations" | | 3. |  motivation - the act of motivating; providing incentivemotivatinghuman action, human activity, act, deed - something that people do or cause to happen |
motivationnoun1. incentive, inspiration, motive, stimulus, reason, spur, impulse, persuasion, inducement, incitement, instigation, carrot and stick Money is my motivation.2. inspiration, drive, desire, ambition, hunger, interest The team may be lacking motivation for next week's game.motivationnoun1. Something that encourages:encouragement, inspiration, stimulation.2. Something that causes and encourages a given response:encouragement, fillip, impetus, impulse, incentive, inducement, prod, push, spur, stimulant, stimulation, stimulator, stimulus.3. A basis for an action or a decision:cause, ground (often used in plural), motive, reason, spring.Translationsmotive (ˈməutiv) noun something that makes a person choose to act in a particular way; a reason. What was his motive for murdering the old lady? 動機 动机ˈmotivate (-veit) verb to cause to act in a particular way. He was motivated by jealousy. 激發 激发motiˈvation noun 動機 动力，动机，诱因，促进因素 motivation
motivation, in psychology, the intention of achieving a goal, leading to goal-directed behavior. Some human activity seems to be best explained by postulating an inner directing drive. While a drive is often considered to be an innate biological mechanism that determines the organism's activity (see instinctinstinct,
term used generally to indicate an innate tendency to action, or pattern of behavior, elicited by specific stimuli and fulfilling vital needs of an organism. Examples of almost purely instinctive behavior are found in the behavior of many lower animals, in which
..... Click the link for more information. ), a motive is defined as an innate mechanism modified by learninglearning,
in psychology, the process by which a relatively lasting change in potential behavior occurs as a result of practice or experience. Learning is distinguished from behavioral changes arising from such processes as maturation and illness, but does apply to motor skills,
..... Click the link for more information. . In this view human drives serve to satisfy biological needs, such as hunger, while motives serve to satisfy needs that are not directly tied to the body requirements, such as companionship. Learned motives are sometimes linked with drives; e.g., the motivation to achieve social status is often viewed as a derivitive of the sex drive. Motives are sometimes classed as deficiency motives, such as the need to remove the physiological deficiency of hunger or thirst, or abundancy motives, i.e., motives to attain greater satisfaction and stimulation. American psychologist Abraham MaslowMaslow, Abraham Harold
, 1908–70, American psychologist, b. Brooklyn, New York, Ph.D. Univ. of Wisconsin (1934). He taught at Brooklyn College from 1937, then became head of the psychology department at Brandeis Univ. (1951–69).
..... Click the link for more information. has classified motives into five developmental levels, with the satisfaction of physiological needs most important and esteem and self-actualization needs least important. According to Maslow, the most basic needs must be satisfied before successively higher needs can emerge. Cognitive psychologists such as Albert Bandura have suggested that individual mental processes, such as beliefs, play an important role in motivation, through the expectation of certain reinforcements for certain behaviors. Studies have shown that humans and other animals are likely to seek sensory stimulation, even where there may be no foreseeable goal. In recent years, the use of various tools for brain scanning has worked toward the discovery of a neurological basis for motivation.Motivation The intentions, desires, goals, and needs that determine human and animal behavior. An inquiry is made into a person's motives in order to explain that person's actions. Different roles have been assigned to motivational factors in the causation of behavior. Some have defined motivation as a nonspecific energizing of all behavior. Others define it as recruiting and directing behavior, selecting which of many possible actions the organism will perform. The likely answer is that both aspects exist. More specific determinants of action may be superimposed on a dimension of activation or arousal that affects a variety of actions nonselectively. The situation determines what the animal does; arousal level affects the vigor, promptness, or persistence with which the animal does it. There is a question as to how behavior can be guided by a state or event (goal attainment) that does not yet exist. Modern approaches to this question lean heavily on cognitive concepts. Mammals, birds, and even some insects can represent to themselves a nonexistent state of affairs. They can represent what a goal object is (search images): a chimpanzee may show behavioral signs of surprise if a different food is substituted for the usual one. They can represent where it is (cognitive maps): a digger wasp remembers the location of its nest relative to arbitrary landmarks, and will fly to the wrong place if the landmarks are moved. If this idea is generalized, motivated behavior can be thought of as guided by a feedback control system with a set point. A set point establishes a goal state which the control system seeks to bring about. Behavior is controlled, not by present external or internal stimuli alone, but by a comparison between the existing state of affairs and a desired state of affairs, that is, the set point or goal, registered or specified within the brain. The animal then acts to reduce the difference between the existing and the desired state of affairs. This way of looking at motivation helps bridge the gap between simple motives in animals and complex ones in humans. If to be motivated is to do whatever is necessary to bring about an imagined state of affairs, then human motives can literally be as complex, and be projected as far into the future, as human imaginations permit. See Cognition Motivation and emotion are closely related. Indeed, it has been argued that emotions are the true motivators and that other factors internal, situational, and cognitive take hold of behavior by way of the emotions they evoke. In the simplest case, pleasure and displeasure have been recognized for centuries as having motivational force. In more complex cases, the role of cognitive operations, such as how an individual feels about an event, as well as what is done about it, can depend heavily on how an individual thinks about it. The culture in which an individual is raised has a powerful effect on how the individual behaves. It has been argued that culture teaches its members what to believe are the consequences of a specific action (cognitive), and how the individuals should feel about those consequences or about the actions themselves (emotional/motivational). motivation (PSYCHOLOGY) the energizer of behaviour. This may be a physiological need, such as hunger, or it may be emotional, such as love, or it may involve the cognitive appraisal of a situation. Motivation may be intrinsic, the fulfilment of the need leading to personal satisfaction, or extrinsic, where the rewards are external to the individual rather than personally significant. See also MASLOW, NEEDS(S), VOCABULARY OF MOTIVES.Motivation in literature. (1) A compositional device used to explain the circumstances that prompt an author to relate a story, and to provide the internal logic of the whole narrative or to justify the introduction of individual events or scenes. Motivation ensures that all the elements of a narrative cohere into a unified whole and that every episode in the narrative is introduced in its natural sequence. The narrative may be motivated by a story told to the author; thus, M. A. Sholokhov’s A Man’s Fate is Andrei Sokolov’s narrative about his own life as told to the author. The author’s telling of a story may also be prompted by his meetings with other persons or by various kinds of documents that fall into his hands. The author’s introduction of individual episodes into his narrative may be motivated by personal reminiscences, dreams, the adventures of the main characters, and other devices. (2) The rationale for the characters and situations depicted in literary works. The inner world of literary characters, as well as their behavior and actions, may be motivated by one or more factors: social, cultural and historical, psychological, or everyday experiences. In this sense, the motivations determine the writer’s creative method. motivation[‚mōd·ə′vā·shən] (psychology) The comparatively spontaneous drive, force, or incentive, which partly determines the direction and strength of the response of a higher organism to a given situation; it arises out of the internal state of the organism. motivation
mo·ti·va·tion (mō'ti-vā'shŭn), In psychology, the aggregate of all the individual motives, needs, and drives operative in a person at any given moment that influence the will and cause a given behavior. [ML. motivus, moving] motivation Vox populi The drive to perform a task. See Neuromuscular motivation, Positive motivation. mo·ti·va·tion (mō'ti-vā'shŭn) Psychological force that moves a person to act to meet a need or achieve a goal.
See also: motive[ML. motivus, moving]motivation the internal state of an animal prior to a specific behavioural act.mo·ti·va·tion (mō'ti-vā'shŭn) Aggregate of all individual motives, needs, and drives operative in a person at any given moment that influence the will and cause a given behavior. [ML. motivus, moving]Patient discussion about motivationQ. How do you motivate yourself to exercise? I have a problem- I can easily get myself to go to work and other strenuous things, but when I need to get myself out for some exercise, which is only for me, I don’t find the energy for that. Does anyone have any tips how to encourage myself?A. Try to change to an exercise you enjoy. You can also exercise with a friend, and the commitment to him may give you another push. Another option is to join a regular exercise program in a gym. Good luck! Q. How to get my motivation back? Hi, I’m 22 years old girl, and since high school I’m 132 pounds stretched over 5’2’’. About two years ago, when I started college I gained another 20 pounds, that made me understand I’m overweight, and then I started a diet – mainly thinking before I eat something. I already lost those extra pounds, an I wish to lose another 10 pounds, but I feel I lost my motivation to restrict myself. Suddenly I find myself eating way too much, which makes me down, which makes me eat again… Any advice?A. If you feel a craving for food, you can try to go to sleep – it helps me.
Good luck! Q. What benefits have you recieved from nutrition and fitness What step did you take to begin and stay motivated perticularly if you were depressed and/or addictedA. Today, after working in the gym for more than a year, I feel much better, I have a anew interest that challenges me and sets goals for me every time, and also let me find new people with this common interest. Of course, I look much better now, and it really improves my feeling and general well being.
If you suffer from depression or addiction, exercise may help you, although consulting a professional, as before starting any exercise program may be necessary.
Take care,
More discussions about motivationmotivation
motivation the force or process which impels people to behave in the way that they do. In a work setting, motivation can be viewed as that which determines whether workers expend the degree of effort necessary to achieve required task objectives. In OCCUPATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY two basic conceptions of motivation can be discerned: ‘needs’ theory and ‘expectancy’ theory Possibly the best known of the former is the ‘hierarchy of needs’ identified by Abraham Maslow (1908-70). He argued that individuals have intrinsic needs which they are impelled to seek to satisfy. These needs, which are ordered in a hierarchy are physical needs (food, warmth, shelter), security needs (safety, home), ego needs (esteem, status) and self-actualization needs (the realization of individual potential). Initially, the lower order needs such as safety determine behaviour but once these are satisfied higher order needs come to dominate. Maslow's theory has been widely criticized, however, for assuming that such needs are universal and that they are always ordered in this particular hierarchy. Other needs theories include Herzberg's ‘Two Factor Theory of Motivation’. He argued that people are motivated by two kinds of need: hygiene factors (those basic needs such as shelter which, if not satisfied, lead to unhappiness but whose satisfaction does not in itself lead to happiness); and motivators (those higher order needs which when satisfied lead to contentment). The importance of this theory in a work setting is its insistence that managers have to ensure that both hygiene factors (i.e. pay, working conditions) and motivation (i.e. the need for personal fulfilment) are satisfied for a workforce to be content and highly motivated. A further ‘needs’ theory is the ERG (Existence, Relatedness and Growth) theory of Clayton Alderfer (1940 -). Like Maslow he suggests that there is a hierarchy of needs but that the less a high level need is satisfied the more important a lower level need becomes. Hence demands for more pay in fact really reflect a desire for work to be made more satisfying. The main alternative approach to ‘needs’ theories is the ‘expectancy’ approach associated with Victor Vroom (1932 -). This suggests that individuals are motivated to act in certain ways not by some basic inner need but by the strength of the expectation that the action will achieve a result seen by them as desirable. The desire for a particular outcome is known as the ‘valence’. This theory is essentially a ‘process’ theory: it emphasizes the process of motivation rather than the nature or content of particular motivators. The strength of people's motivation will be determined by weighing up how much they want something and how far they believe a certain action will contribute to achieving it. AcronymsSeeMRmotivation
Synonyms for motivationnoun incentiveSynonyms- incentive
- inspiration
- motive
- stimulus
- reason
- spur
- impulse
- persuasion
- inducement
- incitement
- instigation
- carrot and stick
noun inspirationSynonyms- inspiration
- drive
- desire
- ambition
- hunger
- interest
Synonyms for motivationnoun something that encouragesSynonyms- encouragement
- inspiration
- stimulation
noun something that causes and encourages a given responseSynonyms- encouragement
- fillip
- impetus
- impulse
- incentive
- inducement
- prod
- push
- spur
- stimulant
- stimulation
- stimulator
- stimulus
noun a basis for an action or a decisionSynonyms- cause
- ground
- motive
- reason
- spring
Synonyms for motivationnoun the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goalSynonymsRelated Words- psychological feature
- life
- rational motive
- irrational motive
- impulse
- urge
- ethical motive
- ethics
- morals
- morality
- mental energy
- psychic energy
noun the condition of being motivatedRelated Wordsnoun the act of motivatingSynonymsRelated Words- human action
- human activity
- act
- deed
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