List of Rulers of the Roman Empire
See also: Rulers of the Byzantine Empire (table)Rulers of the Byzantine Empire
Emperor (or Empress) Dates of Reign
Constantine I (the Great) 330–37
Constantius 337–61
Julian (the Apostate) 361–63
Jovian 363–64
Valens 364–78
Theodosius I (the Great) 379–95
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Related article: Rome , city, ItalyRome,
Ital. Roma, city (1991 pop. 2,775,250), capital of Italy and see of the pope, whose residence, Vatican City, is a sovereign state within the city of Rome. Rome is also the capital of Latium, a region of central Italy, and of Rome prov.
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| Augustus, grandnephew of Julius Caesar, 27 B.C.–A.D. 14 | ||
| Tiberius, stepson of Augustus, A.D. 14–A.D. 37 | ||
| Caligula, grandnephew of Tiberius, 37–41 | ||
| Claudius, uncle of Caligula, 41–54 | ||
| Nero, stepson of Claudius, 54–68 | ||
| Galba, proclaimed emperor by his soldiers, 68–69 | ||
| Otho, military commander, 69 | ||
| Vespasian, military commander, 69–79 | ||
| Vitellius, military commander, 69 | ||
| Titus, son of Vespasian, 79–81 | ||
| Domitian, son of Vespasian, 81–96 | ||
| Nerva, elected interim ruler, 96–98 | ||
| Trajan, adopted son of Nerva, 98–117 | ||
| Hadrian, ward of Trajan, 117–38 | ||
| Antoninus Pius, adopted by Hadrian, 138–61 | ||
| Marcus Aurelius, adopted by Antoninus Pius, 161–80 | ||
| Lucius Verus, adopted by Antoninus Pius; ruled jointly Marcus Aurelius, 161–69 | ||
| Commodus, son of Marcus Aurelius, 180–92 | ||
| Pertinax, proclaimed emperor by the Praetorian Guard, 193 | ||
| Didius Julianus, bought office from the Praetorian Guard, 193 | ||
| Severus, proclaimed emperor, 193–211 | ||
| Caracalla, son of Severus, 211–17 | ||
| Geta, son of Severus, ruled jointly with Caracalla, 211–12 | ||
| Macrinus, proclaimed emperor by his soldiers, 217–18 | ||
| Heliogabalus, cousin of Caracalla, 218–22 | ||
| Alexander Severus, cousin of Heliogabalus, 222–35 | ||
| Maximin, proclaimed emperor by soldiers, 235–38 | ||
| Gordian I, made emperor by the senate, 238 | ||
| Gordian II, son of Gordian I, ruled jointly with his father, 238 | ||
| Balbinus, elected joint emperor by the senate, 238 | ||
| Pupienus Maximus, elected joint emperor with Balbinus by the senate, 238 | ||
| Gordian III, son of Gordian II, 238–44 | ||
| Philip (the Arabian), assassin of Gordian III, 244–49 | ||
| Decius, proclaimed emperor by the soldiers, 249–51 | ||
| Hostilianus, son of Decius, colleague of Gallus, 251 | ||
| Gallus, military commander, 251–53 | ||
| Aemilianus, military commander, 253 | ||
| Valerian, military commander, 253–60 | ||
| Gallienus, son of Valerian, coemperor with his father and later sole emperor, 253–68 | ||
| Claudius II, military commander, 268–70 | ||
| Aurelian, chosen by Claudius II as successor, 270–75 | ||
| Tacitus, chosen by the senate, 275–76 | ||
| Florianus, half-brother of Tacitus, 276 | ||
| Probus, military commander, 276–82 | ||
| Carus, proclaimed by the Praetorian Guard, 282–83 | ||
| Carinus, son of Carus, 283–85 | ||
| Numerianus, son of Carus, joint emperor with Carinus, 283–84 | ||
| Diocletian, military commander, divided the empire; ruled jointly with Maximian and Constantius I, 284–305 | ||
| Maximian, appointed joint emperor by Diocletian, 286–305 | ||
| Constantius I, joint emperor and successor of Diocletian, 305–6 | ||
| Galerius, joint emperor with Constantius I, 305–10 | ||
| Maximin, nephew of Galerius, 308–13 | ||
| Licinius, appointed emperor in the West by Galerius; later emperor in the East, 308–24 | ||
| Maxentius, son of Maximian, 306–12 | ||
| Constantine I (the Great), son of Constantius I, 306–37 | ||
| Constantine II, son of Constantine I, 337–40 | ||
| Constans, son of Constantine I, 337–50 | ||
| Constantius II, son of Constantine I, 337–61 | ||
| Magnentius, usurped Constans' throne, 350–53 | ||
| Julian (the Apostate), nephew of Constantine I, 361–63 | ||
| Jovian, elected by the army, 363–64 | ||
| Valentinian I, proclaimed by the army; ruled in the West, 364–75 | ||
| Valens, brother of Valentinian I; ruled in the East, 364–78 | ||
| Gratian, son of Valentinian I; coruler in the West with Valentinian II, 375–83 | ||
| Maximus, usurper in the West, 383–88 | ||
| Valentinian II, son of Valentinian I, ruler of the West, 375–92 | ||
| Eugenius, usurper in the West, 393–94 | ||
| Theodosius I (the Great), appointed ruler of the East, 379–95, by Gratian; last ruler of united empire, 394–95 | ||
Emperors in the East Emperor (or Empress) Dates of Reign Constantine I (the Great) 330–37 Constantius 337–61 Julian (the Apostate) 361–63 Jovian 363–64 Valens 364–78 Theodosius I (the Great) 379–95 ..... Click the link for more information. for later emperors) | ||
| Arcadius, son of Theodosius I, 395–408 | ||
| Theodosius II, son of Arcadius, 408–50 | ||
| Marcian, brother-in-law of Theodosius II, 450–57 | ||
| Leo I, chosen by the senate, 457–74 | ||
| Leo II, grandson of Leo I, 474 | ||
| Zeno, 474–75 | ||
| Basilicus, 475–76 | ||
Emperors in the West | ||
| Honorius, son of Theodosius I, 395–423 | ||
| Maximus, usurper in Spain, 409–11 | ||
| Constantius III, named joint emperor by Honorius, 421 | ||
| Valentinian III, nephew of Honorius and son of Constantius III, 425–55 | ||
| Petronius Maximus, bought office by bribery, 455 | ||
| Avitus, placed in office by Goths, 455–56 | ||
| Majorian, puppet emperor of Ricimer, 457–61 | ||
| Libius Severus, puppet emperor of Ricimer, 461–65 | ||
| Anthemius, appointed by Ricimer and Leo I, 467–72 | ||
| Olybrius, appointed by Ricimer, 472–73 | ||
| Glycerius, appointed by Leo I, 473–74 | ||
| Julius Nepos, appointed by Leo I, 474–75 | ||
| Romulus Augustulus, put in office by Orestes, his father, 474–76 | ||