bile

bile,

bitter alkaline fluid of a yellow, brown, or green color, secreted, in man, by the liver. Bile, or gall, is composed of water, bile acids and their salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, fatty acids, and inorganic salts. In man it is stored in the gall bladdergall bladder,
small pear-shaped sac that stores and concentrates bile. It is connected to the liver (which produces the bile) by the hepatic duct. When food containing fat reaches the small intestine, the hormone cholecystokinin is produced by cells in the intestinal wall and
..... Click the link for more information. and, in response to the action of the hormone cholecystokinen (whose secretion by the intestine is stimulated by the presence of food), is secreted via the cystic and common ducts into the duodenum. The bile salts aid in digestion by emulsifying fats, enabling the absorption of fats and of the fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) through the intestinal wall. Since unabsorbed fats tend to coat other foods and prevent the action of digestive enzymes, adequate fat absorption mediated by bile salts is necessary for the complete digestion of food and the prevention of decomposition of partially digested foods by intestinal bacteria. The alkaline bile acts to neutralize the stomach acid in the small intestine, providing a more optimum environment for the pancreatic enzymes. The bile is a route of excretion for many drugs and metabolites; cholesterol is excreted almost entirely in the bile, as are breakdown products of heme, such as bilirubin, which color the bile and are known as the bile pigments. If the flow of bile is impeded by inflammation, gall stones, or other abnormality, digestive disturbances and frequently jaundicejaundice
, abnormal condition in which the body fluids and tissues, particularly the skin and eyes, take on a yellowish color as a result of an excess of bilirubin. During the normal breakdown of old erythrocytes (red blood cells), their hemoglobin is converted into bilirubin.
..... Click the link for more information. result.

Bile

a continuously manufactured secretion of the adenoblasts of the liver in vertebrates and man.

The liver of the human adult secretes as much as 1.2 liters of bile in 24 hours; in some diseases bile secretion may increase or decrease. There is a distinction between hepatic bile, a slightly viscous golden-yellow fluid secreted directly into the intestine independent of digestion, and cystic bile, which accumulates in the gallbladder (a viscous, yellow-brown or greenish fluid) and is discharged into the intestine according to the amount of food present there. The principal components of bile are water, bile acids, bile pigments, cholesterol, and inorganic salts. Of the enzymes, phosphatases have been found in the bile; of the hormones, thyroxine (the hormone of the thyroid gland), whose discharge from the body occurs to a significant degree with the bile, has been found. In the intestine, bile promotes the decomposition, saponification, emulsification, and absorption of fats, and it intensifies peristalsis. The discharge of bile into the intestine is regulated by the entry of food into the intestine and by several special hormones, such as secretin, formed in the walls of the small intestine, and cholecystokinin, formed in the mucosa of the duodenum; fatty substances, such as the fats of milk and eggs, stimulate contraction and evacuation of the gallbladder.

Some metabolic products, toxins, and medications may be discharged along with the bile into the intestine. Preparations containing bile and bile acids (dehydrocholic acid, Decholin, allochol, and cholenzym) are used as bile-flow stimulating agents; preserved medicinal bile (with added ethyl alcohol and a preservative) is used externally as an analgesic and resorptive in arthroses, arthritides, bursitides, and radiculitides.

IA. O. OL’SHANSKII

bile

[bīl] (physiology) An alkaline fluid secreted by the liver and delivered to the duodenum to aid in the emulsification, digestion, and absorption of fats. Also known as gall.

bile

1. a bitter greenish to golden brown alkaline fluid secreted by the liver and stored in the gall bladder. It is discharged during digestion into the duodenum, where it aids the emulsification and absorption of fats 2. Archaic either of two bodily humours, one of which (black bile) was thought to cause melancholy and the other (yellow bile) anger

bile

[bīl] a clear yellow or orange fluid produced by the liver. It is concentrated and stored in the gallbladder, and is poured into the small intestine via the bile ducts when needed for digestion. Bile helps in alkalinizing the intestinal contents and plays a role in the emulsification, absorption, and digestion of fat; its chief constituents are conjugated bile salts, cholesterol, phospholipid, bilirubin, and electrolytes. The bile salts emulsify fats by breaking up large fat globules into smaller ones so that they can be acted on by the fat-splitting enzymes of the intestine and pancreas. A healthy liver produces bile according to the body's needs and does not require stimulation by drugs. Infection or disease of the liver, inflammation of the gallbladder, or the presence of gallstones can interfere with the flow of bile.bile acids steroid acids derived from cholesterol; classified as primary, those synthesized in the liver, e.g., cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids, or secondary, those produced from primary bile acids by intestinal bacteria and returned to the liver by enterohepatic circulation, e.g., deoxycholic and lithocholic acids.bile ducts the canals or passageways that conduct bile. There are three bile ducts: the hepatic duct drains bile from the liver; the cystic duct is an extension of the gallbladder and conveys bile from the gallbladder. These two ducts may be thought of as branches that drain into the “trunk,” or common bile duct. The common bile duct passes through the wall of the small intestine at the duodenum and joins with the pancreatic duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla, or ampulla of Vater. At the opening into the small intestine there is a sphincter that automatically controls the flow of bile into the intestine.
The bile ducts may become obstructed by gallstones, benign or malignant tumors, or a severe local infection. Various disorders of the gallbladder or bile ducts are often diagnosed by ultrasonography, radionuclide imaging, and x-ray examination of the gallbladder and bile ducts using a special contrast medium so that these hollow structures can be clearly outlined on the x-ray film.

bile

(bīl), Avoid the jargonistic substitution of this word for bile pigment(s) in expressions such as bile in the urine and bile staining of tissues.Yellowish-brown or green fluid secreted by the liver and discharged into the duodenum, where it aids in the emulsification of fats, increases peristalsis, and retards putrefaction; contains sodium glycocholate and sodium taurocholate, cholesterol, biliverdin, bilirubin, mucus, fat, lecithin, and cells and cellular debris. Synonym(s): gall (1) [L. bilis]

bile

(bīl)n. A bitter, alkaline, brownish-yellow or greenish-yellow fluid that is secreted by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and discharged into the duodenum and aids in the emulsification, digestion, and absorption of fats. Also called gall¹.

bile

(bīl) The yellowish-brown or greenish fluid secreted by the liver and discharged into the duodenum, where it aids in the emulsification of fats, increases peristalsis, and retards putrefaction; contains sodium glycocholate and sodium taurocholate, cholesterol, biliverdin and bilirubin, mucus, fat, lecithin, cells, and cellular debris. [L. bilis]

bile

The dark greenish-brown fluid secreted by the LIVER, stored and concentrated in the GALL BLADDER, and ejected into the DUODENUM to assist in the absorption of fats. Bile contains bile salts which help to emulsify fats, bile pigments derived from the breakdown of red blood cells, cholesterol, lecithin and traces of various minerals and metals.

Fig. 64 Bile . The human gallbladder and bile duct.

bile

a thick, brown-green fluid secreted by the liver which is alkaline in its reactions, containing bile salts, bile pigments, CHOLESTEROL and inorganic salts. Bile is transferred from the liver to the DUODENUM via the bile duct which in many mammals contains a reservoir called the gall bladder. The bile pigments (bilirubin and biliverdin) result from the breakdown of HAEMOGLOBIN in red blood cells, giving the bile its coloration which in turn affects the colour of the FAECES. The amount of cholesterol excreted in bile depends upon the blood fat level, the cholesterol in the bile normally being kept in solution by the bile salts. Reduction in the bile salt concentration can cause cholesterol to be deposited in the gall bladder, contributing to the formation of gallstones. Although bile contains no digestive enzymes, bile salts are also responsible for the EMULSIFICATION of fats in the duodenum, lowering the surface tension of the fatty film surrounding fatty food particles, so producing a larger surface area on which digestive enzymes (LIPASES) can work. Secretion of bile from the liver is stimulated by the hormone SECRETIN which is produced in the wall of the duodenum.

Bile

A substance produced by the liver, and concentrated and stored in the gallbladder. Bile contains many different substances, including bile salts, cholesterol, and bilirubin. After a meal, the gallbladder pumps bile into the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) to keep the intestine's contents at the appropriate pH for digestion, and to help break down fats.Mentioned in: Cholecystitis, Cholestasis, Gallbladder x Rays, Liver Disease, Wilson Disease

bile

(bīl) Avoid the jargonistic substitution of this word for bile pigment(s) in expressions such as bile in the urine and bile staining of tissues.Yellowish-brown or green fluid secreted by the liver and discharged into the duodenum, where it aids in the emulsification of fats.
Synonym(s): gall (1) . [L. bilis]

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Synonyms for bile

noun bitterness

Synonyms

Synonyms for bile

noun a digestive juice secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder

Synonyms

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