| 单词 | larynx | |||
| 释义 | larynxlar·ynxL0055300 (lăr′ĭngks)larynx(ˈlærɪŋks)lar•ynx(ˈlær ɪŋks)n., pl. la•ryn•ges (ləˈrɪn dʒiz) lar•ynx•es. lar·ynx(lăr′ĭngks)larynx
larynxnounadjective laryngeal larynxlarynx(lâr`ĭngks), organ of voice in mammals. Commonly known as the voice box, the larynx is a tubular chamber about 2 in. (5 cm) high, consisting of walls of cartilage bound by ligaments and membranes, and moved by muscles. The human larynx extends from the tracheatracheaor windpipe, principal tube that carries air to and from the lungs. It is about 4 1-2 in. (11.4 cm) long and about 3-4 in. (1.9 cm) in diameter in the adult. ..... Click the link for more information. , or windpipe. In humans, part of the structure may protrude noticeably at the front of the neck, forming the so-called Adam's apple. Within the larynx lie the vocal cords, or vocal folds, a pair of elastic folds in the lining of mucous membrane. During silent breathing, the vocal cords rest along the larynx walls, leaving the air passage fully open. During speech, the cords are stretched across the larynx; air released from the lungs is forced between the cords, causing them to vibrate and so produce voice. Various muscles adjust the tension of the cords as well as the space between them, thus varying the pitch of the sounds produced. The more taut the cords, the higher the pitch. Since men's larynges are usually larger than women's, male vocal cords tend to be longer and the male voice is thus deeper. Growth may double the length of the vocal cords in the male adolescent; hence his dramatic "change of voice." Over the vocal cords extend parallel bands of protective tissue, the false vocal cords. The larynx controls pitch and volume of vocal utterances—it produces initial sounds, while the articulation of these sounds results from the manipulation of teeth, tongue, palate, and lips. Above them, at the opening of the larynx into the throat, hangs the epiglottis, a flap of cartilage that helps to seal off the lower respiratory tract during swallowing so that food and other foreign elements do not enter it. LarynxThe complex of cartilages and related structures at the opening of the trachea, or windpipe, into the pharynx, or throat. In humans and most other mammals, the signet-shaped cricoid cartilage forms the base of the larynx and rests upon the trachea. The thyroid cartilage, which forms the prominent Adam's apple ventrally, lies anterior to the cricoid. Dorsally there are paired pivoting cartilages, the arytenoids. Each is pyramid-shaped and acts as the movable posterior attachment for the vocal cords and the laryngeal muscles that regulate the cords. Two other small paired cartilages, the cuneiform and the corniculate, also lie dorsal to the thyroid cartilage. The epiglottis, a leaf-shaped elastic cartilage with its stem inserted into the thyroid notch, forms a lid to the larynx. Larynxthe complex of cartilages, muscles, and ligaments that form the initial section of the trachea in terrestrial vertebrates and man, usually containing the vocal apparatus. The laryngeal cavity is divided into the anterior larynx, or vestibule, and the posterior larynx. The anterior portion of the laryngeal cavity communicates through the respiratory rima with the pharyngeal cavity, and the posterior portion passes into the tracheal cavity. The larynx is derived from the pharynx, and the laryngeal cartilages are transformed gill arches. The arytenoid and cricoid cartilages of the larynx may be distinguished in the majority of caudate and in all acaudate amphibians. In acaudate amphibians, such as frogs, the larynx, merging with the trachea, forms a short laryngotracheal sac. Along the inner edges of the arytenoid cartilages are folds of mucous membrane, separated by the rima glottidis. Below, adhering to the cricoid cartilage, is a half ring formed by the cartilages of the trachea; this whole structure is called the cricotracheal cartilage. In reptiles and birds the same cartilages are present as in the amphibians. In mammals new cartilages appear in the larynx—the thyroid cartilage and the epiglottis. In the majority of mammals the cricoid cartilage resembles a signet ring, because of the expansion of the dorsal surface. The majority of mammals have, in addition, Santorini’s cartilages at the superior ends of the arytenoid cartilages and Wrisberg’s cartilages along the sides of the anterior edge of the epiglottis. The vocal cords, which are present in most mammals, are drawn between the arytenoid and thyroid cartilages. The structure of the larynx depends upon the character of the animal’s diet and respiration. Thus, in cetaceans and in newborn marsupial mammals, the greatly stretched arytenoid cartilages and the epiglottis form a tube which juts into the choanae behind the soft palate. Such an arrangement of the larynx allows marsupials to breathe and suck milk simultaneously; in cetaceans it prevents water from entering the larynx while food is being swallowed. REFERENCEShmal’gauzen, I. I. Osnovy sravnitel’noi anatomii pozovonochnykh zhivotnykh, 4th ed. Moscow, 1947.V. V. KUPRIIANOV larynx[′lar‚iŋks]larynxlarynxlarynx[lar´ingks] (Gr.)The larynx is composed of nine cartilages that are held together by muscles and ligament: the single thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottic cartilages and the paired arytenoid, corniculate, and cuneiform cartilages. (See also color plates.) The largest of these, the thyroid cartilage, forms the Adam's apple, which protrudes in the front of the neck. Two flexible vocal cords reach from the back to the front wall of the larynx and are manipulated by small muscles to produce sound. The epiglottis, a flap or lid at the base of the tongue, closes the larynx as it is lifted up during swallowing and so prevents passage of food or drink into the larynx and trachea.  lar·ynx, pl.la·ryn·ges(lar'ingks, lă-rin'jēz), Avoid the misspelling/mispronunciation larnyx.larynx(lăr′ĭngks)larynxThe region of the throat between the pharynx (tip of the epiglottis) and trachea (cricoid cartilage) which contains the vocal cords and is involved in breathing, swallowing, and speech.Boundaries • Superolateral boundary—Tip of the epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds. • Inferior limit—Inferior rim of the cricoid cartilage. • Posterior limit—Posterior mucosa covering cricoid cartilage, arytenoid region, and interarytenoid space. • Anterior limit—Lingual surface of epiglottis, thyrohyoid membrane, anterior commissure, thyroid cartilage, cricothyroid membrane, and anterior arch of the cricoid cartilage. Regions Supraglottis, glottis, subglottis. lar·ynx, pl. larynges (laringks, lă-rinjēz) [TA]larynx(lar'inks) plural.larynges [Gr.] AnatomyThe framework of the larynx is built of three single cartilages and three paired cartilages. The unpaired cartilages are: the cricoid cartilage, a thick cartilage ring on top of the trachea; the thyroid cartilage, a V-shaped cartilage that sits on the cricoid with the point of its 'V' facing forward; and above this, the epiglottic cartilage, shaped like an upright paddle, with its handle held inside the front angle of the thyroid cartilage. The three smaller paired cartilages are: the arytenoids, the corniculates, and the cuneiforms. These nine cartilages are held together by membranes and ligaments, usually named by the structures that are interconnected; for example, the cricothyroid membrane connects the front of the cricoid cartilage with the base of the thyroid cartilage in the midline. The intrinsic muscles of the larynx -- cricothyroid, posterior cricoarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid, thyroarytenoid, transverse and oblique arytenoids, and vocalis -- alter the length and tension of the vocal cords and the size and shape of the opening between them (the rima glottis). The vagus nerve supplies motor and sensory innervation to the larynx; the cricothyroid muscle is innervated by the external laryngeal branch of the vagus, while the other intrinsic muscles are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus. The cavity within the larynx comprises three consecutive chambers. The first chamber, the vestibule of the larynx, is a tube between the pharynx and a pair of folds, the vestibular folds (the "false vocal cords"), that protrude into the larynx. The second chamber, the ventricle of the larynx, is a short segment between the vestibular folds and the vocal folds; the ventricle has lateral recesses extending laterally under the vestibular folds. The third chamber, the infraglottic cavity (infraglottic larynx, subglottic space), is a tube between the vocal folds and the trachea. foreign bodies in larynxSymptomsSymptoms may include coughing, choking, dyspnea, fixed pain, or loss of voice. Patient careIf the patient is able to speak or cough, the rescuer should not interfere with the patient's attempts to expel the object. If the patient is unable to speak, cough, or breathe, the rescuer should apply the Heimlich maneuver 6 to 10 times rapidly in succession. Using air already in the lungs, the thrusts create an artificial cough to propel the obstructing object out of the airway. If the patient loses consciousness, carefully assist him or her to the ground in a supine (face up) position. Next the rescuer should begin CPR since compressions have been shown to be effective in clearing an obstruction. With each time attempt to ventilate, the rescuer should first look in the mouth to see if there is an object that can be pulled out of the airway with gloved fingers. Previously chest thrusts were taught for an obese or pregnant patient or a child with a foreign body airway obstruction. To simplify this procedure the Emergency Cardiac Care Guidelines 2005 recommend all patients receive chest compressions following CPR. For an infant, the rescuer uses back slaps before chest thrusts. Direct laryngoscopy and the use of Magill forceps may be required to remove a foreign object. If the object cannot be readily removed with these measures, an emergency cricothyrotomy, or emergency tracheotomy may be required. See: Heimlich maneuver larynxThe ‘Adam's apple’ or voice box. The larynx is situated at the upper end of the wind-pipe (TRACHEA), just in front of the start of the gullet (OESOPHAGUS). At its inlet is a leaf-shaped flap of cartilage, the EPIGLOTTIS, that prevents entry of swallowed food. It has walls of cartilage and is lined with a moist mucous membrane and contains the vocal cords. These are two folds of the mucous membrane that can be tensed by tiny muscles to control their rate of vibration as air passes through them, and hence the pitch of the voice. The gap between the folds is called the glottis.larynxa dilation of the upper part of the TRACHEA of TETRAPODS (Adam's apple in humans), occurring in the front part of the neck. It is triangular in shape (base uppermost) and is made up of 9 cartilages moved by muscles. It contains the vocal cords which are elastic ligaments embedded in two folds of mucous membrane.Larynxlar·ynx, pl. larynges (laringks, lă-rinjēz) [TA]larynx
Synonyms for larynx
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larynx - a cartilaginous structure at the top of the trachea; contains elastic vocal cords that are the source of the vocal tone in speech