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单词 lathe
释义

lathe


lathe

machine for shaping material
Not to be confused with:lath – strip of wood

lathe

L0062500 (lāth)n. A machine for shaping a piece of material, such as wood or metal, by rotating it rapidly along its axis while pressing a fixed cutting or abrading tool against it.tr.v. lathed, lath·ing, lathes To cut or shape on a lathe.
[Middle English, a device used by coopers, perhaps a turning lathe, probably of Scandinavian origin.]

lathe

(leɪð) n (Tools) a machine for shaping, boring, facing, or cutting a screw thread in metal, wood, etc, in which the workpiece is turned about a horizontal axis against a fixed toolvb (General Engineering) (tr) to shape, bore, or cut a screw thread in or on (a workpiece) on a lathe[perhaps C15 lath a support, of Scandinavian origin; compare Old Danish lad lathe, Old English hlæd heap]

lathe

(leɪð) n (Historical Terms) history Brit any of the former administrative divisions of Kent[Old English læth district]

lathe

(leɪð)

n., v. lathed, lath•ing. n. 1. a machine for use in working a piece of wood, metal, etc., by holding and rotating it about a horizontal axis against a tool that shapes it. v.t. 2. to cut, shape, or treat on a lathe. [1300–50; Middle English: frame, stand, lathe; compare Old Norse hlath stack (see lade)]

lathe


Past participle: lathed
Gerund: lathing
Imperative
lathe
lathe
Present
I lathe
you lathe
he/she/it lathes
we lathe
you lathe
they lathe
Preterite
I lathed
you lathed
he/she/it lathed
we lathed
you lathed
they lathed
Present Continuous
I am lathing
you are lathing
he/she/it is lathing
we are lathing
you are lathing
they are lathing
Present Perfect
I have lathed
you have lathed
he/she/it has lathed
we have lathed
you have lathed
they have lathed
Past Continuous
I was lathing
you were lathing
he/she/it was lathing
we were lathing
you were lathing
they were lathing
Past Perfect
I had lathed
you had lathed
he/she/it had lathed
we had lathed
you had lathed
they had lathed
Future
I will lathe
you will lathe
he/she/it will lathe
we will lathe
you will lathe
they will lathe
Future Perfect
I will have lathed
you will have lathed
he/she/it will have lathed
we will have lathed
you will have lathed
they will have lathed
Future Continuous
I will be lathing
you will be lathing
he/she/it will be lathing
we will be lathing
you will be lathing
they will be lathing
Present Perfect Continuous
I have been lathing
you have been lathing
he/she/it has been lathing
we have been lathing
you have been lathing
they have been lathing
Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been lathing
you will have been lathing
he/she/it will have been lathing
we will have been lathing
you will have been lathing
they will have been lathing
Past Perfect Continuous
I had been lathing
you had been lathing
he/she/it had been lathing
we had been lathing
you had been lathing
they had been lathing
Conditional
I would lathe
you would lathe
he/she/it would lathe
we would lathe
you would lathe
they would lathe
Past Conditional
I would have lathed
you would have lathed
he/she/it would have lathed
we would have lathed
you would have lathed
they would have lathed
Thesaurus
Noun1.lathe - machine tool for shaping metal or woodlathe - machine tool for shaping metal or wood; the workpiece turns about a horizontal axis against a fixed toolbench lathe - lathe mounted on a workbenchcarriage - a machine part that carries something elsechuck - a holding device consisting of adjustable jaws that center a workpiece in a lathe or center a tool in a drillhandwheel - control consisting of a wheel whose rim serves as the handle by which a part is operatedhandwheel - a wheel worked by handshaping machine, shaper - a machine tool for shaping metal or wood
Translations
车床

lathe

(leið) noun a machine for shaping wood, metal etc, which turns the piece of wood etc which is to be shaped round and round against a tool held steady by the operator. 車床 车床

lathe


lathe

(lāth), machine tool for holding and turning metal, wood, plastic, or other material against a cutting tool to form a cylindrical product or part. It also drills, bores, polishes, grinds, makes threads, and performs other operations. Its principal parts are the headstock (attached to the bed or base of the machine), which holds one end of the material in a rotating spur; the tailstock, which holds the other end, moves along the bed, and can be clamped in position at any point; the cutting tool; and the power feed, comprising the drive and its motive parts.

Lathe

A machine for turning metal or wood. The piece to be turned is mounted between two chucks that rotate and the cutting tool can slide back and forth on a track, and be moved closer or farther away from the wood, allowing a variable profile to be cut

Lathe

 

a machine used mainly for working bodies of revolution by chip removal during turning. One of the most ancient machine tools, the lathe has served as the basis for drilling and boring machines.

Lathes make up an important, highly varied group of metalcutting machine tools. Among the turning operations that may be performed on lathes are the machining of cylindrical, conical, and irregularly shaped surfaces, the facing of ends, sectioning, and boring, as well as the drilling and reaming of holes, threading, knurling, and lapping. Milling, polishing, gear-cutting, and other operations may be performed on lathes using special jigs. Wheel pairs, couplings, and pipes are turned on specialized lathes.

The main components of a lathe are (1) the base, with a trough for the collection of the cutting fluid and chips; (2) the bed, with guides for the carriage and tailstock; (3) the fixed headstock, with a spindle and gearbox, which may be located elsewhere—for example, in the base; (4) the movable tailstock, which is attached to the bed in a specific position; (5) the feedbox, which is connected by clutches to the driveshaft and feed screw; (6) the apron, with mechanisms for transmitting motion from the driveshaft to the rack (or to the feed screw of the cross slides) and for coupling the split nut with the lead screw; (7) a support, consisting of a carriage moving along the bed guides, and cross slides moving along the carriage guides; and (8) the rotating unit, with guides for the upper carriage, on which the tool holder is mounted. The upper carriage also moves automatically in some models. The apron mechanism provides for blocking, which eliminates the simultaneous activation of the feed by the driveshaft and lead screw and simultaneous activation of the carriage and cross slides. For rapid traverse of the carriage, the driveshaft is powered by an auxiliary electric motor operating through an overrunning clutch.

During cutting on a lathe, the workpiece, which is held in a chuck or in conical pins, is rotated by the main drive. Provision is made for stepped or infinitely variable control of the speed of the spindle in order to attain the required rate of cutting. The translator motion of the cutting tool is produced by the kinematic chain of the feed motion, whose first unit is the spindle and whose last unit is a rack-and-gear drive in the case of turning or the kinematic pair of the feed screw and split nut in the case of threading. In the case of turning, the feed is adjusted by means of the feed-box; in the case of threading, an apparatus with replaceable gears in the feed adjustment unit, or bracket, is used.

The spindle unit is made rigid and resistant to vibration. The spindle usually rests on rolling-contact bearings. Hydrostatic bearings are used in precision lathes. A faceplate, on which the workpieces are mounted, may be attached to the front end of the spindle. The tailstock is used for working items in conical pins, as well as for fastening the tool in drilling, countersink reaming, and reaming.

The main drive of a lathe may include a single-speed or multi-speed asynchronous electric motor and a multistep gearbox or mechanical variable-speed drive. Regulated DC motors and gearboxes are usually used in heavy lathes. Other drives, such as hydraulic drives, are sometimes used.

The requirements for the automation of small-lot production have led to the development of numerically controlled lathes. These lathes have several special features. In addition to the traditional configuration, an arrangement is used in which the bed has inclined guides; this facilitates the removal of chips and protection of the work area. The cutting zone is covered by a hood. Among the operations that are programmed are range shifting, lengthwise and transverse movement of the carriage, with infinitely variable control of the feed, rapid traverse of the carriage, rotation of the turret, starting, stopping, and reversing of the main drive, and automatic tool changing (with a multitool mount). Self-centering chucks and automatic tailstocks are used in some center-type engine lathes. In many cases, lathes have rotating turrets with separate electric or hydraulic drive. The feed may be accomplished by means of stepped electric motors with servo control units, DC motors, and hydraulic motors; rolling (ball) feed screws are used. The tools are adjusted off the lathe, using optical devices or devices for adjusting cutters according to indicators or setting gauges. Only the replacement and attachment of previously adjusted units or of the entire tool holder are carried out on the lathe.

Universal lathes are used for unit and small-lot production. Lathes equipped with hydraulic and electric reproducing attachments and rapid-clamping automatic chucks may be used in lot production. Automatic and semiautomatic turning and turret systems are used in mass production. The servicing of such automatic systems is reduced to periodic adjustment, feed, and monitoring of the workpiece.

In semiautomatic systems, motions related to the loading and removal of the workpieces are not automated. Automatic control of the operating cycle of these machines is accomplished by means of a distributing shaft to which cams are attached. Three groups of automatic and semiautomatic lathe systems are distinguished on the basis of their auxiliary (return) movements. The first group includes machines with one distributing shaft that turns at a constant speed for a given setting; the shaft controls both the working and return movements. This scheme is used in small automatic systems with only a few return motions. The second group consists of machines with one distributing shaft having two speeds of rotation; the low speed is for the working movement, and the high speed is for return operations. This scheme is usually used for multispindle automatic and semiautomatic systems. The third group consists of machines that have, in addition to a distributing shaft, a high-speed auxiliary shaft, which carries out the return movements.

(For information on woodworking lathes, seeWOODWORKING MACHINE. See alsoVERTICAL LATHE and TURRET LATHE.)

REFERENCE

Metallorezhushchiestanki, 2nd ed., vol. 1. Moscow, 1965.

G. A. LEVIT

lathe

[th] (mechanical engineering) A machine for shaping a workpiece by gripping it in a holding device and rotating it under power against a suitable cutting tool for turning, boring, facing, or threading.

lathe

A machine for shaping circular pieces of wood, metal, etc., by rotating the material about a horizontal axis while a stationary tool cuts away the excess material.

lathe

1 a machine for shaping, boring, facing, or cutting a screw thread in metal, wood, etc., in which the workpiece is turned about a horizontal axis against a fixed tool

lathe

2 Brit History any of the former administrative divisions of Kent

lathe


lathe

(lādh), A motor-driven machine with a rotating shaft that can be fitted with various types of cutting instruments, grinding stone, and polishing wheels; used in finishing and polishing dental appliances.

lathe

(lādh) Motor-driven machine with a rotating shaft that can be fitted with various types of implements; used to finish and polish dental appliances.

lathe


  • noun

Words related to lathe

noun machine tool for shaping metal or wood

Related Words

  • bench lathe
  • carriage
  • chuck
  • handwheel
  • shaping machine
  • shaper
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