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单词 movement
释义

movement


move·ment

M0454500 (mo͞ov′mənt)n.1. a. The act or an instance of moving; a change in place or position.b. A particular manner of moving.2. A change in the location of troops, ships, or aircraft for tactical or strategic purposes.3. a. A series of actions and events taking place over a period of time and working to foster a principle or policy: a movement toward world peace.b. An organized effort by supporters of a common goal: a leader of the labor movement.4. A tendency or trend: a movement toward larger kitchens.5. A change in the market price of a security or commodity.6. a. An evacuation of the bowels.b. The matter so evacuated.7. The suggestion or illusion of motion in a painting, sculpture, or design.8. The progression of events in the development of a literary plot.9. The rhythmical or metrical structure of a poetic composition.10. Music A self-contained section of an extended composition.11. Linguistics In generative grammar, a transformation in which a constituent in one part of a syntactic structure is copied or displaced into a different location, creating a new structure.12. A mechanism, such as the works of a watch, that produces or transmits motion.

movement

(ˈmuːvmənt) n1. a. the act, process, or result of movingb. an instance of moving2. the manner of moving3. (Sociology) a. a group of people with a common ideology, esp a political or religious oneb. the organized action of such a group4. a trend or tendency in a particular sphere5. (Horology) the driving and regulating mechanism of a watch or clock6. (often plural) a person's location and activities during a specific time7. (Physiology) a. the evacuation of the bowelsb. the matter evacuated8. (Classical Music) music a principal self-contained section of a symphony, sonata, etc, usually having its own structure9. (Music, other) tempo or pace, as in music or literature10. (Literary & Literary Critical Terms) tempo or pace, as in music or literature11. (Art Terms) fine arts the appearance of motion in painting, sculpture, etc12. (Poetry) prosody the rhythmic structure of verse13. (Military) a positional change by one or a number of military units14. (Commerce) a change in the market price of a security or commodity

move•ment

(ˈmuv mənt)

n. 1. the act, process, or result of moving. 2. a particular manner or style of moving. 3. Usu., movements. actions or activities, as of a person or a body of persons. 4. a change of position or location of troops or ships. 5. abundance of events or incidents. 6. rapid progress of events. 7. the progress of events, as in a narrative or drama. 8. the stylistic representation of motion in a work of art. 9. a series of actions or activities directed or tending toward a particular end. 10. the course, tendency, or trend of affairs in a particular field. 11. a diffusely organized or heterogeneous group of people or organizations tending toward or favoring a generalized common goal. 12. the price change in the market of some commodity or security. 13. bowel movement. 14. the working parts or a distinct portion of the working parts of a mechanism, as of a watch. 15. Music. a. a principal division or section of a sonata, symphony, or the like. b. motion; rhythm; time; tempo. 16. Pros. rhythmical structure or character. [1350–1400; Middle English < Middle French]

Movement

 

See Also: ADVANCING, JUMPING, LEAPING, ROCKING AND ROLLING, RUNNING, TURNING AND TWISTING

  1. All her movements were soft as if timed to the sleeping of children —Ada Jack Carver
  2. Charged across … like a cat with a kerosened ass —Harold Adams
  3. Crawled like a worm —Denis Diderot
  4. Creep and crawl … stretching her fingers like a baby trying to climb the path —Eudora Welty
  5. Creeping slowly toward him. like a lizard toward a bug —E. B. White
  6. Crept like a man intent on crime —W. H. Auden
  7. Crept … like a spider on an endless thread of its own spinning —George Du Maurier
  8. Darted about like a hummingbird —Rita Mae Brown
  9. Darted like a bird about the room —John Steinbeck
  10. Darting about and banging together like bubbles in soda water —Joyce Cary
  11. Darting off this way and that, like the wax of a burning candle —Anon
  12. Descended the stairs like a buffalo —Joe Coomer
  13. Drifted north … like a saddle tramp looking for a spring roundup —James Crumley
  14. Floated like a weed —Mavis Gallant
  15. Folded herself up like a fresh-ironed shirt —Mary Hood
  16. Glided as though on little wheels —Jules Renard, drama critic, about actress Sarah Bernhardt
  17. Glide, like phantoms —John Keats
  18. Glides to his meeting like a lover mumbling a secret, passionate message —Wallace Stevens
  19. Go as if nine men pulled you and ten men held you —John Withal
  20. Going (home) stealthily and unsteadily … like a dissipated cat —Charles Dickens
  21. Groped about like blind, cautious crabs —Ralph Ellison
  22. He [a dog] dumped himself like a bag of bones —Robert Frost
  23. He moved like a spring —Eudora Welty
  24. He moves like a piece of darkness —Joe Coomer
  25. His body waved like a flame in the breeze —TV obituary describing James Cagney’s physical grace, 1986
  26. Hurried with legs stretched out ahead of me like a horse —David Ignatow
  27. I float like a butterfly, sting like a bee —Muhammed Ali
  28. Kicking and wriggling like a retriever pup —Walter Duranty
  29. Lethargically, like sloth on the move —Kenzaburo Oë

    In the novel, A Personal Matter, the lethargy described is that of a man pedalling his bike.

  30. Like a vein of gold I darted after you —Charles Simic
  31. Like shoals of fish, they all headed one way —Elizabeth Taylor
  32. Lowered herself [from bus] cautiously, like a climber —Elizabeth Bowen
  33. A meandering pace that makes sweet Afton look like a white water stream —Helen Dudar, New York Times Book Review, September 21, 1986
  34. Moved as smoothly as light wind across water —James Crumley
  35. Moved by as if on a treadmill —Jonathan Kellerman See: RESTLESSNESS
  36. Moved downhill [a street that lay on an incline] like rainwater. Like the twentieth century —Tom Robbins
  37. Moved like a water bug, like a skipping stone, upon the glassy tense surface of his new life —John Updike
  38. Moved like benign automata —Angela Carter
  39. Moved passively with her head down, like a prisoner between guards —Ross Macdonald
  40. Moved with funny little steps, like a chicken with an egg wedged up its legs —William Kotzwinkle
  41. Move languidly … like a hostess in her bathrobe emptying ashtrays on Sunday morning —Alice McDermott
  42. Movement … quick and quiet as a fish in deep water —Gerald Kersh
  43. Move mindlessly, mechanically as a toy train through a Christmas tree town —Sharon Sheehe Stark
  44. (Waiters) moving as deft and soft-footed as shadows —George Garrett
  45. (Hand) moving imperceptibly like a marine plant —Marguerite Yourcenar
  46. Moving listlessly back and forth, like a fish in an aquarium —Jill Ciment
  47. Moving quick and light as a fairy —Dame Edith Sitwell
  48. Moving … slow and heavy as lead —Gerald Kersh
  49. (The sun) moving up and down … like a musical note —Saul Bellow
  50. Paced around … like a jaguar on the prowl —Jonathan Kellerman
  51. Pace … like impatient cats —Ira Wood
  52. Pace like Socrates before the court —Charles Johnson
  53. Passed like a circus —Wallace Stevens
  54. People moved as if groping in the dimness of the subconscious for the memory of midday warmth that lingered faintly in the skin —Kenzaburo Oe
  55. Prowled around like a dog that has forgotten where he put his bone —Raymond Chandler

    See Also: AIMLESSNESS

  56. Rush sideways, like an excited crab —Jerome K. Jerome
  57. Scampering about like frenzied ants —Brian Burland
  58. Scamper like mice —Dame Edith Sitwell
  59. Scuttling around it like a mouse trying to find a hole —Cornell Woolrich
  60. Settled themselves, like chickens getting ready to roost —Christopher Isherwood
  61. She got up and, like a vacuum cleaner with insomnia, roamed the room —Tom Robbins
  62. Shied abruptly like a startled horse —Jack London
  63. Shuffled about [text of a book] like a melancholy sheep in a pen —Mavis Gallant
  64. Shuffles … around like a deck of cards —Brian Burland
  65. Slide like lizards —Anon
  66. Sliding like a shadow among them —R. V. Cassill
  67. The small procession moved … slow and spaced out like a funeral —Ivo Andric
  68. (I have seen thy waters) stealing onward, like the stream of life —Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
  69. Step back as though I’d stepped on a snake —Dorothy Canfield Fisher
  70. Steppin’ high like a rooster in deep mud —American colloquialism
  71. Stirred like a rustle of leaves —Maurice Edelman

    Edelman’s simile is used to draw an image of whispers stirring up around the actions of the hero of his novel, Disraeli Rising.

  72. Stomped back to bed, trying to make my footsteps sound like angry exclamation marks —Dorothy Francis
  73. Straggled on back … like tongue-dragging hounds —Thomas Zigal
  74. Straightened up slowly, as if she were being raised —Marguerite Duras
  75. Swept by like a spotlight —Donald McCaig
  76. Tore through the black-and-gold town like a pair of scissors tearing through brocade —Katherine Mansfield
  77. Tottering … like a Chinese girl with bound feet —Jayne Anne Phillips
  78. Travels unsteadily, as fogs do —David Ignatow
  79. Twisted himself out like an eel —Sholom Aleichem
  80. Twitched her shoulders like a bird shaking off water —Laura Furman
  81. Wander like Alice —Karl Shapiro
  82. Weave like a dreamer —John Barth
  83. [Group of children] whirling off like autumn leaves, just as gay in their bright colors, and just as elusive —Beverly Mitchell
  84. Wiggled like ribbons —R. V. Cassill
  85. Wiggle [a tooth] like a loose picket in a fence —William Goyen

movement

A section of a large work, especially a symphony, usually complete in itself.
Thesaurus
Noun1.movement - a change of position that does not entail a change of locationmovement - a change of position that does not entail a change of location; "the reflex motion of his eyebrows revealed his surprise"; "movement is a sign of life"; "an impatient move of his hand"; "gastrointestinal motility"motility, motion, movechange - the action of changing something; "the change of government had no impact on the economy"; "his change on abortion cost him the election"abduction - (physiology) moving of a body part away from the central axis of the bodyadduction - (physiology) moving of a body part toward the central axis of the bodyagitation - the act of agitating something; causing it to move around (usually vigorously)body English - a motion of the body by a player as if to make an object already propelled go in the desired directioncircumduction - a circular movement of a limb or eyedisturbance - the act of disturbing something or someone; setting something in motionfetal movement, foetal movement - motion of a fetus within the uterus (usually detected by the 16th week of pregnancy)flit, dart - a sudden quick movementgesture - motion of hands or body to emphasize or help to express a thought or feelingheadshake, headshaking - the act of turning your head left and right to signify denial or disbelief or bemusement; "I could tell from their headshakes that they didn't believe me"inclining, inclination - the act of inclining; bending forward; "an inclination of his head indicated his agreement"everting, eversion, inversion - the act of turning inside outupending, inversion - turning upside down; setting on endjerking, jolt, saccade, jerk - an abrupt spasmodic movementkicking, kick - a rhythmic thrusting movement of the legs as in swimming or calisthenics; "the kick must be synchronized with the arm movements"; "the swimmer's kicking left a wake behind him"kneel, kneeling - supporting yourself on your kneespitching, lurch, pitch - abrupt up-and-down motion (as caused by a ship or other conveyance); "the pitching and tossing was quite exciting"eye movement - the movement of the eyesopening - the act of opening something; "the ray of light revealed his cautious opening of the door"prostration - the act of assuming a prostrate positionreaching, stretch, reach - the act of physically reaching or thrusting outreciprocation - alternating back-and-forth movementreclining - the act of assuming or maintaining a reclining positionretraction - the act of pulling or holding or drawing a part back; "the retraction of the landing gear"; "retraction of the foreskin"retroflection, retroflexion - the act of bending backwardrotary motion, rotation - the act of rotating as if on an axis; "the rotation of the dancer kept time with the music"closing, shutting - the act of closing somethingsitting - the act of assuming or maintaining a seated position; "he read the mystery at one sitting"posing, sitting - (photography) the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait); "he wanted his portrait painted but couldn't spare time for the sitting"snap - the act of snapping the fingers; movement of a finger from the tip to the base of the thumb on the same hand; "he gave his fingers a snap"squatting, squat - the act of assuming or maintaining a crouching position with the knees bent and the buttocks near the heelssweep - a movement in an arc; "a sweep of his arm"toss - an abrupt movement; "a toss of his head"vibration, quivering, quiver - the act of vibratingwave - a movement like that of a sudden occurrence or increase in a specified phenomenon; "a wave of settlers"; "troops advancing in waves"flutter, waver, flicker - the act of moving back and forthstanding - the act of assuming or maintaining an erect upright positionstraddle, span - the act of sitting or standing astridestroke - a single complete movementsquirm, wiggle, wriggle - the act of wigglingeurhythmics, eurhythmy, eurythmics, eurythmy - the interpretation in harmonious bodily movements of the rhythm of musical compositions; used to teach musical understanding
2.movement - the act of changing location from one place to another; "police controlled the motion of the crowd"; "the movement of people from the farms to the cities"; "his move put him directly in my path"move, motionchange - the action of changing something; "the change of government had no impact on the economy"; "his change on abortion cost him the election"coming, approach, approaching - the act of drawing spatially closer to something; "the hunter's approach scattered the geese"forward motion, onward motion, advancement, progress, progression, procession, advance - the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)locomotion, travel - self-propelled movementlunge, lurch - the act of moving forward suddenlytravel, traveling, travelling - the act of going from one place to another; "he enjoyed selling but he hated the travel"chase, pursual, pursuit, following - the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture; "the culprit started to run and the cop took off in pursuit"ascending, rise, ascent, ascension - the act of changing location in an upward directiondescent - the act of changing your location in a downward directionswinging, vacillation, swing - changing location by moving back and forthreturn - the act of going back to a prior location; "they set out on their return to the base camp"glide, coast, slide - the act of moving smoothly along a surface while remaining in contact with it; "his slide didn't stop until the bottom of the hill"; "the children lined up for a coast down the snowy slope"slippage - failing to hold or slipping out of place; "the knots allowed no slippage"flow, stream - the act of flowing or streaming; continuous progressioncrawl - a very slow movement; "the traffic advanced at a crawl"hurrying, speeding, speed - changing location rapidlydisplacement, translation - the act of uniform movementshifting, shift - the act of moving from one place to another; "his constant shifting disrupted the class"rush, rushing, haste, hurry - the act of moving hurriedly and in a careless manner; "in his haste to leave he forgot his book"maneuver, manoeuvre, play - a deliberate coordinated movement requiring dexterity and skill; "he made a great maneuver"; "the runner was out on a play by the shortstop"migration - the movement of persons from one country or locality to another
3.movement - a natural event that involves a change in the position or location of somethingmovement - a natural event that involves a change in the position or location of somethingmotionhappening, natural event, occurrence, occurrent - an event that happenscrustal movement, tectonic movement - movement resulting from or causing deformation of the earth's crustapproaching, approach - the event of one object coming closer to anotherpassing, passage - the motion of one object relative to another; "stellar passings can perturb the orbits of comets"deflexion, deflection - the movement of the pointer or pen of a measuring instrument from its zero positionbending, bend - movement that causes the formation of a curvechange of location, travel - a movement through space that changes the location of somethingundulation, wave - (physics) a movement up and down or back and forthjitter - a small irregular movementperiodic motion, periodic movement - motion that recurs over and over and the period of time required for each recurrence remains the sameheave - (geology) a horizontal dislocationbacklash, rebound, recoil, repercussion - a movement back from an impactrecoil, kick - the backward jerk of a gun when it is firedseek - the movement of a read/write head to a specific data track on a diskwring, squeeze - a twisting squeeze; "gave the wet cloth a wring"cam stroke, stroke, throw - the maximum movement available to a pivoted or reciprocating piece by a camturning, turn - a movement in a new direction; "the turning of the wind"wrench, twist - a jerky pulling movementundulation - wavelike motion; a gentle rising and falling in the manner of wavesmoving ridge, wave - one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)wobble - an unsteady rocking motionwhirl, commotion - confused movement; "he was caught up in a whirl of work"; "a commotion of people fought for the exits"Brownian motion, Brownian movement, pedesis - the random motion of small particles suspended in a gas or liquid
4.movement - a group of people with a common ideology who try together to achieve certain general goalsmovement - a group of people with a common ideology who try together to achieve certain general goals; "he was a charter member of the movement"; "politicians have to respect a mass movement"; "he led the national liberation front"social movement, frontsocial group - people sharing some social relationFighting French, Free French - a French movement during World War II that was organized in London by Charles de Gaulle to fight for the liberation of France from German control and for the restoration of the republicart movement, artistic movement - a group of artists who agree on general principlesBoy Scouts - an international (but decentralized) movement started in 1908 in England with the goal of teaching good citizenship to boysCivil Rights movement - movement in the United States beginning in the 1960s and led primarily by Blacks in an effort to establish the civil rights of individual Black citizenscommon front - a movement in which several individuals or groups with different interests join together; "the unions presented a common front at the bargaining table"cultural movement - a group of people working together to advance certain cultural goalsecumenism, oecumenism - a movement promoting union between religions (especially between Christian churches)falun gong - a spiritual movement that began in China in the latter half of the 20th century and is based on Buddhist and Taoist teachings and practicespolitical movement - a group of people working together to achieve a political goalreform movement - a movement intended to bring about social and humanitarian reformsreligious movement - a movement intended to bring about religious reformsZionist movement, Zionism - a movement of world Jewry that arose late in the 19th century with the aim of creating a Jewish state in Palestine
5.movement - a major self-contained part of a symphony or sonata; "the second movement is slow and melodic"musical composition, opus, piece of music, composition, piece - a musical work that has been created; "the composition is written in four movements"intermezzo - a short movement coming between the major sections of a symphonysonata - a musical composition of 3 or 4 movements of contrasting formsscherzo - a fast movement (usually in triple time)
6.movement - a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular endmovement - a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end; "he supported populist campaigns"; "they worked in the cause of world peace"; "the team was ready for a drive toward the pennant"; "the movement to end slavery"; "contributed to the war effort"crusade, campaign, cause, drive, effortventure - any venturesome undertaking especially one with an uncertain outcomead blitz, ad campaign, advertising campaign - an organized program of advertisementsanti-war movement - a campaign against entering or continuing a warcharm campaign - a campaign of flattery and friendliness (by a company, politician, etc.) to become more popular and gain supportconsumerism - a movement advocating greater protection of the interests of consumerscampaigning, candidacy, candidature, electioneering, political campaign - the campaign of a candidate to be electedfund-raising campaign, fund-raising drive, fund-raising effort - a campaign to raise money for some causefeminist movement, women's lib, women's liberation movement, feminism - the movement aimed at equal rights for womengay lib, gay liberation movement - the movement aimed at liberating homosexuals from legal or social or economic oppressionlost cause - a defeated cause or a cause for which defeat is inevitablereform - a campaign aimed to correct abuses or malpractices; "the reforms he proposed were too radical for the politicians"war - a concerted campaign to end something that is injurious; "the war on poverty"; "the war against crime"youth crusade, youth movement - political or religious or social reform movement or agitation consisting chiefly of young people
7.movement - an optical illusion of motion produced by viewing a rapid succession of still pictures of a moving objectmovement - an optical illusion of motion produced by viewing a rapid succession of still pictures of a moving object; "the cinema relies on apparent motion"; "the succession of flashing lights gave an illusion of movement"apparent motion, apparent movement, motionoptical illusion - an optical phenomenon that results in a false or deceptive visual impression
8.movement - a euphemism for defecation; "he had a bowel movement"bowel movement, bmeuphemism - an inoffensive or indirect expression that is substituted for one that is considered offensive or too harshdefecation, laxation, shitting - the elimination of fecal waste through the anus
9.movement - a general tendency to change (as of opinion); "not openly liberal but that is the trend of the book"; "a broad movement of the electorate to the right"trend, driftinclination, tendency, disposition - an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others; "he had an inclination to give up too easily"; "a tendency to be too strict"evolutionary trend - a general direction of evolutionary changegravitation - a figurative movement toward some attraction; "the gravitation of the middle class to the suburbs"
10.movement - the driving and regulating parts of a mechanism (as of a watch or clock); "it was an expensive watch with a diamond movement"action mechanism, action - the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism; "the piano had a very stiff action"clock - a timepiece that shows the time of daywatch, ticker - a small portable timepiece
11.movement - the act of changing the location of something; "the movement of cargo onto the vessel"change - the action of changing something; "the change of government had no impact on the economy"; "his change on abortion cost him the election"deracination, displacement - to move something from its natural environmenttransfer, transferral, transportation, conveyance, transport - the act of moving something from one location to anotherintromission, insertion, introduction - the act of putting one thing into anotherletting down, lowering - the act of causing something to move to a lower leveltransplanting, transplantation, transplant - the act of removing something from one location and introducing it in another location; "the transplant did not flower until the second year"; "too frequent transplanting is not good for families"; "she returned to Alabama because she could not bear transplantation"troop movement - movement of military units to a new location

movement

noun1. group, party, organization, grouping, front, camp, faction a nationalist movement that's gaining strength2. campaign, drive, push, crusade He contributed to the Movement for the Ordination of Women.3. move, act, action, operation, motion, gesture, manoeuvre He could watch her every movement.4. activity, moving, stirring, bustle, agitation There was movement behind the door.5. advance, progress, flow, progression the movement of the fish going up river6. transfer, transportation, displacement the movement of people, goods and services across borders7. trend, flow, swing, current, tendency the movement towards democracy8. development, change, shift, variation, fluctuation the meeting seems to have produced no movement on either side9. progression, advance, progress, breakthrough the participants believed movement forward was possible10. (Music) section, part, division, passage the first movement of Beethoven's 7th symphony

movement

noun1. The act or process of moving:motion, move, stir.2. A change in normal place or position:dislocation, displacement, disturbance, move, rearrangement, shift.3. A calculated change in position:evolution, maneuver, move, turn.4. An organized effort to accomplish a purpose:campaign, crusade, drive, push.
Translations
运动乐章倾向动作姿势

move

(muːv) verb1. to (cause to) change position or go from one place to another. He moved his arm; Don't move!; Please move your car. 移動 移动2. to change houses. We're moving on Saturday. 搬家 搬家3. to affect the feelings or emotions of. I was deeply moved by the film. 感動 感动 noun1. (in board games) an act of moving a piece. You can win this game in three moves. (棋盤遊戲)移動棋子 (下棋)走棋 2. an act of changing homes. How did your move go? 搬家 搬家ˈmovable, ˈmoveable adjective 可移動的 可移动的ˈmovement noun1. (an act of) changing position or going from one point to another. The animal turned sideways with a swift movement. 移動 移动,运动 2. activity. In this play there is a lot of discussion but not much movement. 活動 活动3. the art of moving gracefully or expressively. She teaches movement and drama. 動作 动作, ,姿势 4. an organization or association. the Scout movement. (組織團體發起的)運動 (政治或社会)运动 5. the moving parts of a watch, clock etc. 機件 机件6. a section of a large-scale piece of music. the third movement of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony. 樂章 乐章7. a general tendency towards a habit, point of view etc. There's a movement towards simple designs in clothing these days. 動向 倾向movie (-vi) noun (especially American). 1. a cinema film. a horror movie. 影片 电影2. (in plural. with the) the cinema and films in general: to go to the movies. (總稱)電影 电影院ˈmoving adjective having an effect on the emotions etc. a very moving speech. 感人的 令人感动的ˈmovingly adverb 感人地 动人地get a move on to hurry or move quickly. Get a move on, or you'll be late! 趕快!走快一點! 赶快!make a move1. to move at all. If you make a move, I'll shoot you! 稍微動一下 移动2. (with for or towards) to move (in the direction of). He made a move for the door. 走向... 向...走去move along to keep moving, not staying in one place. The police told the crowd to move along. 持續前進 前进move heaven and earth to do everything that one possibly can. 竭盡所能 竭尽全力move house to change one's home or place of residence. They're moving house next week. 搬家 搬家move in to go into and occupy a house etc. We can move in on Saturday. 搬進 搬进move off (of vehicles etc) to begin moving away. The bus moved off just as I got to the bus stop. 準備離去 离去move out to leave, cease to live in, a house etc. She has to move out before the new owners arrive. 搬出 搬出move up to move in any given direction so as to make more space. Move up and let me sit down, please. 讓開 让开一点on the move1. moving from place to place. With his kind of job, he's always on the move. 在活動中 在活动中2. advancing. The frontiers of scientific knowledge are always on the move. 進展中 在进展中

movement

运动zhCN
See movement

movement


movement

1. a. the evacuation of the bowels b. the matter evacuated 2. Music a principal self-contained section of a symphony, sonata, etc., usually having its own structure 3. tempo or pace, as in music or literature 4. Fine arts the appearance of motion in painting, sculpture, etc. 5. Prosody the rhythmic structure of verse 6. Commerce a change in the market price of a security or commodity

Movement

 

(in biology), one of the manifestations of vital activity.

Animals and man. Movements enable an organism to interact actively with the environment—specifically, to move from place to place and to capture food. Movements are effected by specialized organs, the structure of which varies with the type of animal and depends on the type of locomotion and the nature of the habitat—terrestrial, aquatic, or aerial. The organs may be pseudopodia (the slow flow from one place to another of protoplasm; ameboid movement), cilia and flagella (ciliary and flagellar movement), or special body appendages by means of which the animals cling to a rough area of the substrate (setae, squamellae, scutella) or attach themselves to it (suckers). The most common construction of the locomotor organs, the limb, is a system of levers activated by muscular contractions. Some aquatic animals, such as sponges and corals, which maintain a sedentary mode of life, use cilia and flagella to set their immediate environment in motion and bring them food.

Animals can move about by (1) moving over a substrate, that is, upon solid or liquid support (walking, running, jumping, creeping, sliding), (2) moving freely in water (swimming), and (3) moving freely in air (flying). In all cases, the movements are the result of the interaction of forces external to the organism (gravity, environmental resistance) and internal forces (muscular tension, contraction of myofibrils, movements of protoplasm). Purposeful movements are possible only through the coordinated work of a large number of muscles, which is effected by the nervous system. Movements in water and air can also be passive. For example, certain spiders release their silk and are borne through great distances by the air currents. The soaring of birds, using air currents, is also a form of passive movement. Some aquatic animals have adaptations that maintain their bodies in a suspended state (for example, vacuoles in the external layer of protoplasm in radiolarians and air sacs in colonies of siphonophores). Active movements in water are accomplished by specialized remigial structures (from hairs and flagella to the modified limbs of aquatic turtles, birds, and seals), by flexure of the entire body (most fish, caudate amphibians), and by jet action, ejecting water from body cavities (medusoids and cephalopods). Active movement in air—flying—is characteristic of most insects, birds, and some mammals (bats). The movements in air of so-called flying fish, frogs, and mammals (for example, the flying squirrels) are not in fact flying but rather long, gliding jumps accomplished by means of such devices of support as elongated thoracic fins, interdigital membranes on the feet, and skin folds.

As animals evolved, the kinds of movement changed and became more complex. C. Darwin showed that in the course of evolution it was those kinds of movement and locomotor design that were vital and useful for the species that became fixed by natural selection. An important stage in the process was the development in vertebrates of the rigid skeleton and striated musculature. This entailed greater complexity in the structure of the nervous system and permitted a variety of movements, broadening the vital possibilities of the organisms.

In man, movements are the most important means of interacting with the environment and of influencing it actively, and they are highly varied: there are movements associated with the autonomic functions as well as with locomotion and the movements involved in work, everyday life, sports, speech, and writing. According to I. M. Sechenov, “all external manifestations of cerebral activity can in effect be reduced to muscular movement” (Izbr. proizv., 1953, p. 33).

There are two approaches to the study of animal and human movements. The first is the clarification of the biomechanical characteristics of the motor and support apparatus and a dynamic kinematic description of natural movements. The second (neurophysiological) approach studies the patterns of control of movements by the nervous system. The muscles that bring about movements have been found to be controlled reflexively by impulses from the central nervous system. The principal locomotor movements are inherited (unconditioned reflexes) and develop during the course of individual development (ontogeny) and as a result of constant exercise. The mastery of new movements is a complex process involving the formation of new conditioned-reflex connections and stabilizing them. After many repetitions voluntary movements are executed in a more coordinated and economical manner, and gradually they become automatic. Signals reaching the nervous system from proprioreceptors in the muscles, tendons, and joints are the most important factor in regulating movements. The proprioreceptors communicate information about the direction, magnitude, and speed of movements and activate reflex arcs in different parts of the nervous system whose interaction coordinates movements.

Plants. There are two basic types of movement in plants— passive and active. Passive, or hygroscopic, movements are caused by changes in the water content of the colloids that make up the cell membrane. In flowering plants, hygroscopic movements play an important role in spreading seeds and fruits. In the Jericho rose, a plant growing in the Arabian desert, the twigs are convolute when the air is dry but unfold when it is damp, break away from the substrate, and are borne off by the wind. Feathergrass and geranium fruits become buried in the ground because of hygroscopicity. In the Siberian pea tree the ripe pod dries out, two of its glumes become coiled into a spiral, and the seeds are forcibly scattered. Active movements are based mainly on the phenomena of irritability and the contractility of the proteins in plant cytoplasm and on the growth processes. Sensing the environment, plants react with intensified metabolic activity, acceleration of cytoplasmic movements, growth, and other movements. The stimulation perceived by the plant is transmitted along cytoplasmatic strands (plasmodesmata), after which the plant as a whole reacts to the stimulus. Weak stimulation intensifies, while strong irritation inhibits, the physiological processes. Active movements may be slow (as in growth) or quick (as in contractile movements). Growth movements include tropisms (the stimulation acts in a particular direction and there is unilateral growth, causing the organ to bend, such as in geotropism, phototropism, and chemotropism) and nastic movements (plant responses to stimuli in no single direction, such as in thermonasty and photonasty).

Contractile movements are often called turgor movements. These movements result from the interaction of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and contractile proteins. Thus, the mechanism of contractile movements in plants is almost the same as that in the contraction of human muscle, the movements of slime mold, or the zoospores of algae. Active contractile movements include the spatial shifting of certain lower organisms—taxes—which, like tropisms, are caused by unilateral stimulation. Flagellate bacteria, some algae, and the antherozoids of mosses and ferns can react with taxis. Many algae (Chlamydomonadaceae) exhibit positive photo-taxis; the antherozoids of mosses collect in capillaries containing a weak sucrose solution, and those of ferns, in malic acid solution (chemotaxis). Seismonasty is a contractile movement probably caused by the contractions of cytoplasmic protein. Autonomous movements are similar to seis-monasties. For example, in the Indian telegraph plant (Des-modium gyrans) the compound leaf consists of a large blade and two smaller lateral blades that rise and fall like a semaphore. Under unfavorable conditions, such as darkness, these movements cease. In Biophytum sensitivum the leaflets fold up after strong stimulation, as in the mimosa, performing a number of rhythmic contractions. Apparently there is a breakdown and rapid restoration of ATP during this activity, which also causes leaves to move continuously under the influence of stimuli. The leaflets of the wood sorrel fold up in response to strong light, darkness, and elevation of temperature. They fold up toward evening and open again by night, apparently after the bond between the ATP and the contractile proteins is restored. ATP activity is high in plants capable of making nyctinastic (Acacia dealbata), seismonastic (Mimosa pudica), and autonomous (Desmodium gyrans) movements, but it is insignificant in plants that are incapable of movement (Desmodium canadensis). The ATP content is highest in tissues involved in the movements. The movements of mimosa leaves were once thought to be associated with a loss of turgor and an escape of water into the intercellular spaces in the leaf nodes. V. A. Engel’gardt (1957) has suggested that ATP participates in the osmotic phenomena associated with the movements of mimosa leaves and with the dehydration of its cells in the nodes.

P. A. GENKEL’

REFERENCES

Darwin, C. “Sposobnost’ k dvizheniiu u rastenii.” Soch., vol. 8. Moscow-Leningrad, 1941.
Zenkevich, L. A. “Ocherki po evoliutsii dvigatel’nogo apparata zhivotnykh.” Zhurnal obshchei biologii, 1944, vol. 5, no. 3.
Engel’gardt, V. A. “Khemicheskiye osnovy dvigatel’noi funktsii kletok i tkanei.” Vestnik AN SSSR, 1957, no. 11, p. 58.
Kalmykov, K. F. “Issledovaniia iavlenii razdrazhimosti rastenii ν russkoi nauke vtoroi poloviny 19 v.” Tr. In-ta istorii estestvoznaniia i tekhniki AN SSSR, 1960, vol. 32, issue 7.
Magnus, R. Ustanovka tela. Moscow-Leningrad, 1962. (Translated from German.)
Liubimova, M. N. “K kharakteristike dvigatel’noi sistemy rastenii Mimosa pudica.” In Mólekuliarnaia biologiia: Problemy i perspektivy. Moscow, 1964.
Poglazov, B. F. Struktura i funktsii sokratitel’nykh belkov. Moscow, 1965.
Bernshtein, N. A. Ocherki po fiziologii dvizhenii i fiziologii aktivnosti. Moscow, 1966.
Sukhanov, V. B. “Materialy po lokomotsii pozvonochnykh.” Biulleten’ Moskovskogo ob-va ispytateleiprirody, 1967, vol. 72, issue 2.
Alexander, R. Biomekhanika. Moscow, 1970. (Translated from English.)

movement

In wood, same as working.

movement


movement

 [mo̳v´ment] 1. an act of moving; called also motion.2. an act of defecation.active movement movement produced by the person's own muscles.ameboid movement movement like that of an ameba, accomplished by protrusion of cytoplasm of the cell.associated movement movement of parts that act together, as the eyes.brownian movement the peculiar, rapid, oscillatory movement of fine particles suspended in a fluid medium; called also molecular movement.circus movement the propagation of an impulse again and again through tissue already previously activated by it; the term is usually reserved for the reentry involving an pathway" >accessory pathway.molecular movement brownian movement.passive movement a movement of the body or of the extremities of a patient performed by another person without voluntary motion on the part of the patient.vermicular m's the wormlike movements of the intestines in peristalsis.

move·ment

(mūv'ment), 1. The act of motion; said of the entire body or of one or more of its members or parts. 2. Synonym(s): stool3. Synonym(s): defecation [L. moveo, pp. motus, to move]

movement

(mo͞ov′mənt)n.1. The act or an instance of moving; a change in place or position.2. An evacuation of the bowels; defecation.

movement

Vox populi 1. The act of moving; motion. See Ballistic movement, Circus movement, Closed chain movement, Extraocular movement, Fetal movement, Intraocular movement, Line movement, Paradoxical movement.2. Bowel movement, defecation.3. A group of similarly minded individuals with an agenda. See Antiabortion movement, Health food movement, Outcomes movement, Popular health movement, Right-to-die movement.

move·ment

(mūv'mĕnt) 1. Active change of position or location; said of the entire body or of one or more of its members or parts. 2. Synonym(s): stool. 3. Synonym(s): defecation. 4. Synonym(s): activity. [L. moveo, pp. motus, to move]

movement

1. Change or apparent change in position. 2. The act of moving.
movement after-effect See waterfall after-effect.against m. 1. Apparent movement of an object seen through a lens in a direction opposite to that in which the lens is moved. This occurs when looking through a plus lens. 2. See retinoscope. See with movement.
alpha movement A form of apparent movement perceived when different sizes of an object are presented in an alternating sequence with an interstimulus interval of about 60 ms, the object appears to expand and contract.
apparent movement The perception of movement induced by stationary separated objects, when the objects are presented rapidly on and off, one after another with a brief time interval between the two stimuli. The illusion of apparent movement is generally attributed to the stimulation of motion-sensitive neurons in area MT (V5) of the visual cortex. Examples: alpha movement, beta movement, gamma movement, phi movement, stroboscopic movements. Syn. apparent motion.
autokinetic movement See autokinetic visual illusion.
beta movement A form of apparent movement perceived when two or more separated stationary objects are presented in rapid sequence with an interstimulus interval of between 40 ms and 60 ms, the object appears to move continuously from one position to the other. Beta movement is the basis of smooth, continuous motion perception in cinematography in which frames are commonly presented at a rate of 24 frames per second (or about 42 ms time interval). Syn. optimum movement. See stroboscopic movements.
compensatory eye movement's See static eye reflex.
conjugate eye movement's See version.
cyclofusional eye movement's  See cyclofusion.
disjugate eye movement's See disjunctive movements.
disjunctive eye movement's Movements of the two eyes in which the eyes move in opposite directions, as in convergence or divergence. Syn. disconjugate movements; disjugate eye movements. See vergence.
eye movement's The act or process of a change in position of the globe of the eye. See electrooculogram; motor fusion; vestibulo-ocular reflex; vergence; version.
fixation movement's Involuntary movements of the eye occurring when actually fixating an object. Three types of movements have been observed: the drifts, the micronystagmus (tremors) and the saccades (or microsaccades). These movements are too subtle to be seen by direct observation. The drifts are characterized by a small amplitude (1-7 minutes of arc) and a low frequency (2-5 Hz). The micronystagmus movements are characterized by a very small amplitude (5-25 seconds of arc) and a higher frequency (30-100 Hz) and the saccadic movements by a small amplitude (1-20 minutes of arc) and low frequency (0.1-1 Hz). Syn. involuntary eye movements; miniature eye movements; physiological nystagmus (Fig. M13). See saccadic eye movement; stabilized retinal image.
following movement See pursuit movement.
fusional movement See fusional movements.
gamma movement A form of apparent movement that is perceived when a single stimulus is presented in an alternating sequence with an interstimulus interval of about 60 ms under high and low illumination, the object appears to expand and contract.
optimum movement See beta movement.
optokinetic movement See nystagmus.
phi movement Illusion of movement created when one object disappears and an identical object appears in a neighbouring region of the same plane. If the time interval between the two sources is between 0.06 s and 0.2 s, the observer will see an apparent movement of the source, which appears to jump from the first to the second position without the perception of continuity. Hence it is considered as a partial illusion of movement. Some observers also see each source flickering depending on the rate of alternation. The phi phenomenon has been applied to test patients with convergent and divergent strabismus. This is the phi phenomenon test of Verhoeff: two light sources, separated by the angle of strabismus, are placed in front of the patient, as in a major amblyoscope. The two foveas are stimulated with a short time interval between stimulations and patients with normal retinal correspondence do not see a movement whereas those with abnormal retinal correspondence do. Syn. phi phenomenon. See stroboscopic movements; abnormal retinal correspondence; movement threshold.
pursuit movement Movement of an eye fixating a moving object. The fixation can remain locked on the target as long as the movement is smooth and the velocity below about 40º/s. Abnormal pursuit eye movements could be due to ocular motor nerve palsy, cerebellar disease, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, systemic medication, etc. Syn. following movement. See motility test.
rapid eye movement's (REM) Fast eye movements that occur periodically during sleep and are associated with dreaming.
saccadic eye movement A short rapid and abrupt movement of the eye as occurring in reading a line of printed words or in fixating from one point to another. The peak velocity of a saccade of 10º amplitude can exceed 400º/s and be completed in 40 ms. Syn. saccade. See antisaccade; hypermetria; fixation movements; reading.
scissors movement 1. Apparent change in the angle between two lines seen through a rotating astigmatic lens. 2. See retinoscope.
stroboscopic movement's Apparent movements as produced by a stroboscope. If the frequency of stroboscopic illumination is less than the rotation of a moving object it appears to rotate slowly but if the frequency is increased above that of the moving object it appears to rotate slowly in the opposite direction to its real rotation. (If the moving object is rotating at x rotations per second when the frequency is a full multiple of x, one sees the object motionless.) Beta and phi movements are types of stroboscopic movements. See stroboscope.
movement threshold See movement threshold.
torsional movement See torsion.
vergence movement's See disjunctive movements.
with movement 1. Apparent movement of an object seen through a lens in the same direction as that in which the lens is moved. This occurs when looking through a minus lens. 2. See retinoscope. See against movement.enlarge picture" >Fig. M13 Diagram of the movements of the optical image on the retina produced by the miniature involuntary eye movements of the eye (tremors, drifts and saccades) during fixation of a stationary object for a period of about 10 secondsenlarge pictureFig. M13 Diagram of the movements of the optical image on the retina produced by the miniature involuntary eye movements of the eye (tremors, drifts and saccades) during fixation of a stationary object for a period of about 10 seconds

move·ment

(mūv'mĕnt) The act of motion. [L. moveo, pp. motus, to move]

Patient discussion about movement

Q. If the baby movement is quick, will it be harmful …..? Hi to all here…….I am 24 and 3 week pregnant. I am so happy because pregnancy is vital in every women’s life. I am curious to know when I could feel the baby movement and how it will be. If the baby movement is quick, will it be harmful …..?A. First, congratulations for Olivia..
You should feel your baby's first movements, called "quickening," between weeks 16 and 24 of your pregnancy. If this is your first pregnancy, you may not feel your baby move until closer to 24 weeks. By the second pregnancy, some women start to feel movements as early as 13 weeks (this varies in every pregnant moms).
So when you reach your second trimester later, you need to monitor your baby's movement sometimes (just like saloni explained to you). Feel free to consult with your OB-GYN doctor whenever you feel a problem with your pregnancy.
But I wish you all the best for your pregnancy. Good luck! Stay healthy always..

Q. Can pregnancy cause an increase in bowel movements? After very long years now I am 7 wks pregnant with my first child and I have noticed that I'm having more frequent bowel movements during this pregnancy. They are neither loose nor hard out of the ordinary. My husband is little bit afraid of what’s happening with me. I too fear of it. I don’t want to loose him. Has anyone else experienced this, and is this normal? Can pregnancy cause an increase in bowel movements?A. It is nothing to worry maria. It’s a usual happening during pregnancy. Here I am 13 weeks pregnant with my second child and I too experience frequent bowel movements (2-4/day). It feels as if I am not gaining any weight b/c everything that goes in goes right out. I know this is okay. Here we can get an expert's opinion on this. So don’t worry and comfort your loving and caring husband. My best wishes for your healthy first baby.

Q. I did a bad movement with my knee during a ball game. How can I know if I damaged the knee ligaments? 4 hours ago I played basketball. I did a great jump but when I landed I felt a very sharp knee pain? How can I know if I damaged the ligaments there?A. The only way to know for sure is to check! Can estimate the severity of the problem. Is your knee red? Is it hot? Is it swollen? Does the pain have the same severity or does the pain increase with time? If you answered one of those questions with a 'yes' several hours after the injury, you should probably talk to your GP

More discussions about movement
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movement


Related to movement: Chipko movement
  • noun

Synonyms for movement

noun group

Synonyms

  • group
  • party
  • organization
  • grouping
  • front
  • camp
  • faction

noun campaign

Synonyms

  • campaign
  • drive
  • push
  • crusade

noun move

Synonyms

  • move
  • act
  • action
  • operation
  • motion
  • gesture
  • manoeuvre

noun activity

Synonyms

  • activity
  • moving
  • stirring
  • bustle
  • agitation

noun advance

Synonyms

  • advance
  • progress
  • flow
  • progression

noun transfer

Synonyms

  • transfer
  • transportation
  • displacement

noun trend

Synonyms

  • trend
  • flow
  • swing
  • current
  • tendency

noun development

Synonyms

  • development
  • change
  • shift
  • variation
  • fluctuation

noun progression

Synonyms

  • progression
  • advance
  • progress
  • breakthrough

noun section

Synonyms

  • section
  • part
  • division
  • passage

Synonyms for movement

noun the act or process of moving

Synonyms

  • motion
  • move
  • stir

noun a change in normal place or position

Synonyms

  • dislocation
  • displacement
  • disturbance
  • move
  • rearrangement
  • shift

noun a calculated change in position

Synonyms

  • evolution
  • maneuver
  • move
  • turn

noun an organized effort to accomplish a purpose

Synonyms

  • campaign
  • crusade
  • drive
  • push

Synonyms for movement

noun a change of position that does not entail a change of location

Synonyms

  • motility
  • motion
  • move

Related Words

  • change
  • abduction
  • adduction
  • agitation
  • body English
  • circumduction
  • disturbance
  • fetal movement
  • foetal movement
  • flit
  • dart
  • gesture
  • headshake
  • headshaking
  • inclining
  • inclination
  • everting
  • eversion
  • inversion
  • upending
  • jerking
  • jolt
  • saccade
  • jerk
  • kicking
  • kick
  • kneel
  • kneeling
  • pitching
  • lurch
  • pitch
  • eye movement
  • opening
  • prostration
  • reaching
  • stretch
  • reach
  • reciprocation
  • reclining
  • retraction
  • retroflection
  • retroflexion
  • rotary motion
  • rotation
  • closing
  • shutting
  • sitting
  • posing
  • snap
  • squatting
  • squat
  • sweep
  • toss
  • vibration
  • quivering
  • quiver
  • wave
  • flutter
  • waver
  • flicker
  • standing
  • straddle
  • span
  • stroke
  • squirm
  • wiggle
  • wriggle
  • eurhythmics
  • eurhythmy
  • eurythmics
  • eurythmy

noun the act of changing location from one place to another

Synonyms

  • move
  • motion

Related Words

  • change
  • coming
  • approach
  • approaching
  • forward motion
  • onward motion
  • advancement
  • progress
  • progression
  • procession
  • advance
  • locomotion
  • travel
  • lunge
  • lurch
  • traveling
  • travelling
  • chase
  • pursual
  • pursuit
  • following
  • ascending
  • rise
  • ascent
  • ascension
  • descent
  • swinging
  • vacillation
  • swing
  • return
  • glide
  • coast
  • slide
  • slippage
  • flow
  • stream
  • crawl
  • hurrying
  • speeding
  • speed
  • displacement
  • translation
  • shifting
  • shift
  • rush
  • rushing
  • haste
  • hurry
  • maneuver
  • manoeuvre
  • play
  • migration

noun a natural event that involves a change in the position or location of something

Synonyms

  • motion

Related Words

  • happening
  • natural event
  • occurrence
  • occurrent
  • crustal movement
  • tectonic movement
  • approaching
  • approach
  • passing
  • passage
  • deflexion
  • deflection
  • bending
  • bend
  • change of location
  • travel
  • undulation
  • wave
  • jitter
  • periodic motion
  • periodic movement
  • heave
  • backlash
  • rebound
  • recoil
  • repercussion
  • kick
  • seek
  • wring
  • squeeze
  • cam stroke
  • stroke
  • throw
  • turning
  • turn
  • wrench
  • twist
  • moving ridge
  • wobble
  • whirl
  • commotion
  • Brownian motion
  • Brownian movement
  • pedesis

noun a group of people with a common ideology who try together to achieve certain general goals

Synonyms

  • social movement
  • front

Related Words

  • social group
  • Fighting French
  • Free French
  • art movement
  • artistic movement
  • Boy Scouts
  • Civil Rights movement
  • common front
  • cultural movement
  • ecumenism
  • oecumenism
  • falun gong
  • political movement
  • reform movement
  • religious movement
  • Zionist movement
  • Zionism

noun a major self-contained part of a symphony or sonata

Related Words

  • musical composition
  • opus
  • piece of music
  • composition
  • piece
  • intermezzo
  • sonata
  • scherzo

noun a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end

Synonyms

  • crusade
  • campaign
  • cause
  • drive
  • effort

Related Words

  • venture
  • ad blitz
  • ad campaign
  • advertising campaign
  • anti-war movement
  • charm campaign
  • consumerism
  • campaigning
  • candidacy
  • candidature
  • electioneering
  • political campaign
  • fund-raising campaign
  • fund-raising drive
  • fund-raising effort
  • feminist movement
  • women's lib
  • women's liberation movement
  • feminism
  • gay lib
  • gay liberation movement
  • lost cause
  • reform
  • war
  • youth crusade
  • youth movement

noun an optical illusion of motion produced by viewing a rapid succession of still pictures of a moving object

Synonyms

  • apparent motion
  • apparent movement
  • motion

Related Words

  • optical illusion

noun a euphemism for defecation

Synonyms

  • bowel movement
  • bm

Related Words

  • euphemism
  • defecation
  • laxation
  • shitting

noun a general tendency to change (as of opinion)

Synonyms

  • trend
  • drift

Related Words

  • inclination
  • tendency
  • disposition
  • evolutionary trend
  • gravitation

noun the driving and regulating parts of a mechanism (as of a watch or clock)

Related Words

  • action mechanism
  • action
  • clock
  • watch
  • ticker

noun the act of changing the location of something

Related Words

  • change
  • deracination
  • displacement
  • transfer
  • transferral
  • transportation
  • conveyance
  • transport
  • intromission
  • insertion
  • introduction
  • letting down
  • lowering
  • transplanting
  • transplantation
  • transplant
  • troop movement
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