Vandal, Albert

Born July 7, 1853, in Paris; died there Aug. 30, 1910. A count; French historian of conservative tendencies and member of the French Academy (1896). Follower of A. Sorel.

Vandal’s best works were devoted to the Napoleonic period in the history of France: for example, Napoleon and Alexander I (vols. 1-3, 1891-93; Russian translation, vols. 1-3, 1910-13), a work that gave the historic grounds for the necessity of a Franco-Russian alliance; and The Rise of Bonaparte (1902); Russian translation, 1905), in which Vandal defends the foreign and domestic policies of Napoleon I. Vandal is also the author of outline histories of French foreign policy and of international relations of the 17th century through the 20th.