| 释义 |
spine
spine S0641800 (spīn)n.1. The spinal column of a vertebrate.2. Zoology Any of various pointed projections, processes, or appendages of animals.3. Botany a. A strong, sharp-pointed outgrowth derived from a leaf or leaf part.b. Any of various similar sharp structures, such as a thorn.4. Something that resembles or suggests a backbone, as:a. The hinged back of a book.b. The crest of a ridge.5. Strength of character; courage or willpower.
[Middle English, from Old French espine, from Latin spīna.]spine (spaɪn) n1. (Anatomy) the spinal column2. (Botany) the sharply pointed tip or outgrowth of a leaf, stem, etc3. (Zoology) zoology a hard pointed process or structure, such as the ray of a fin, the quill of a porcupine, or the ridge on a bone4. (Printing, Lithography & Bookbinding) the back of a book, etc5. (Physical Geography) a ridge, esp of a hill6. strength of endurance, will, etc7. anything resembling the spinal column in function or importance; main support or feature[C14: from Old French espine spine, from Latin spīna thorn, backbone] spined adjspine (spaɪn)
n. 1. spinal column. 2. a hard, sharp-pointed outgrowth on a plant; thorn. 3. a stiff-pointed bone, process, or appendage, as the quill of a porcupine or the sharp rays in the fin of certain fishes. 4. resolution or courage; backbone. 5. a ridge, as of ground or rock. 6. the back of a book binding, usu. indicating the title and author. [1400–50; late Middle English < Latin spīna thorn, backbone] spine (spīn)1. See vertebral column.2. A sharp-pointed projection on a plant, especially a hard, narrow modified leaf, as on a cactus. See more at leaf. See Notes at cactus, thorn.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  spine - the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord; "the fall broke his back"spinal column, vertebral column, rachis, backbone, backnotochord - a flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrateschine - backbone of an animalcanalis vertebralis, spinal canal, vertebral canal - the canal in successive vertebrae through which the spinal cord passescoccyx, tail bone - the end of the vertebral column in humans and tailless apesvertebra - one of the bony segments of the spinal columnintervertebral disc, intervertebral disk - a fibrocartilaginous disc serving as a cushion between all of the vertebrae of the spinal column (except between the first two)skeletal structure - any structure created by the skeleton of an organismaxial skeleton - the part of the skeleton that includes the skull and spinal column and sternum and ribs | | 2. | spine - any sharply pointed projectionacantha, spurprojection - any solid convex shape that juts out from something | | 3. |  spine - a small sharp-pointed tip resembling a spike on a stem or leafpricker, prickle, spikelet, sticker, thornaculeus - a stiff sharp-pointed plant processglochid, glochidium - a barbed spine or bristle (often tufted on cacti) | | 4. |  spine - the part of a book's cover that encloses the inner side of the book's pages and that faces outward when the book is shelved; "the title and author were printed on the spine of the book"backbonebook, volume - physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together; "he used a large book as a doorstop"part, portion - something less than the whole of a human artifact; "the rear part of the house"; "glue the two parts together" | | 5. | spine - a sharp rigid animal process or appendage; as a porcupine quill or a ridge on a bone or a ray of a fish finray - any of the stiff bony spines in the fin of a fishquill - a stiff hollow protective spine on a porcupine or hedgehogappendage, outgrowth, process - a natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism either animal or plant; "a bony process" |
spinenoun1. backbone, vertebrae, spinal column, vertebral column fractures of the hip and spine2. barb, spur, needle, spike, ray, quill, rachis Carry a pair of thick gloves to protect you from hedgehog spines.3. determination, resolution, backbone, resolve, drive, conviction, fortitude, persistence, tenacity, perseverance, willpower, firmness, constancy, single-mindedness, steadfastness, doggedness, resoluteness, indomitability If you had any spine, you wouldn't let her walk all over you like that.spinenounA sharp, pointed object:needle, prick, prickle, thorn.Translationsspine (spain) noun1. the line of linked bones running down the back of humans and many animals; the backbone. She damaged her spine when she fell. 脊柱，脊椎 脊柱，脊椎 2. something like a backbone in shape or function. the spine of a book. (書等)脊 （书等）脊 3. a thin, stiff, pointed part growing on an animal or a plant. 刺 刺ˈspinal adjective of or concerned with the backbone. a spinal injury. 脊椎的 脊椎的ˈspineless adjective1. of an animal, having no spine; invertebrate. 無脊椎的 无脊椎的2. of a person, having a weak character; easily dominated. 沒有骨氣的 没有骨气的ˈspiny adjective full of, or covered with, spines. a spiny cactus. 多刺的 多刺的spinal cord a cord of nerve cells running up through the backbone. 脊髓 脊髓spine
a shiver down (one's) spineA shudder felt down one's back, due to either fear, anticipation, nervousness, or excitement. I felt a shiver down my spine at the thought of my exam tomorrow.See also: down, shiver, spinea chill runs/goes down (one's) spineA shudder is felt down one's back, due to either fear, anticipation, nervousness, or excitement. A chill runs down my spine every time I walk by that creepy old house. I felt a chill go down my spine at the thought of my exam tomorrow.See also: chill, down, goes, run, spinea shiver runs/goes down (one's) spineA shudder is felt down one's back, due to either fear, anticipation, nervousness, or excitement. A shiver runs down my spine every time I walk by that creepy old house. I felt a shiver go down my spine at the thought of my exam tomorrow.See also: down, goes, run, shiver, spinesend a shiver down (one's) spineTo cause an intense feeling of excitement, exhilaration, nervousness, or fear in someone. The way that sonata swells always sends a shiver down my spine. It sent a shiver down my spine when Dorothy gave me such an amorous look. Can we get out of here? This creepy old house is sending a shiver down my spine!See also: down, send, shiver, spinesend a shiver up (one's) spineTo cause an intense feeling of excitement, exhilaration, nervousness, or fear in someone. The way that sonata swells always sends a shiver up my spine. It sent a shiver up my spine when Dorothy gave me such an amorous look. Can we get out of here? This creepy old house is sending a shiver up my spine!See also: send, shiver, spine, upsend shivers up (one's) spineTo cause an intense feeling of excitement, exhilaration, nervousness, or fear in someone. The way that sonata swells always sends shivers up my spine. It sent shivers up my spine when Dorothy gave me such an amorous look. Can we get out of here? This creepy old house is sending shivers up my spine!See also: send, shiver, spine, upa shiver ran down (one's) spineSaid when one has experienced an intense feeling of fear, panic, dread, shock, exhilaration, or excitement. A shiver ran down John's spine when he overheard the managers discussing the money he'd stolen from the company safe. A cold shiver ran down my spine at the thought of having to work for another minute in that awful restaurant. When they announced that Sarah would have the chance to meet a movie star as a part of her prize, a shiver ran down her spine.See also: down, ran, shiver, spinea shiver ran up (one's) spineSaid when one has experienced an intense feeling of fear, panic, dread, shock, exhilaration, or excitement. A shiver ran down John's spine when he overheard the managers discussing the money he'd stolen from the company safe. A cold shiver ran down my spine at the thought of having to work for another minute in that awful restaurant. When they announced that Sarah would have the chance to meet a movie star as a part of her prize, a shiver ran down her spine.See also: ran, shiver, spine, upa shiver went down (one's) spineSaid when one has experienced an intense feeling of fear, panic, dread, shock, exhilaration, or excitement. A shiver went down John's spine when he overheard the managers discussing the money he'd stolen from the company safe. A cold shiver went down my spine at the thought of having to work for another minute in that awful restaurant. When they announced that Sarah would have the chance to meet a movie star as a part of her prize, a shiver went down her spine.See also: down, shiver, spinea shiver went up (one's) spineSaid when one has experienced an intense feeling of fear, panic, dread, shock, exhilaration, or excitement. A shiver went up John's spine when he overheard the managers discussing the money he'd stolen from the company safe. A cold shiver went up my spine at the thought of having to work for another minute in that awful restaurant. When they announced that Sarah would have the chance to meet a movie star as a part of her prize, a shiver went up her spine.See also: shiver, spine, upspine-tinglingThrilling or scary. My brother loves spine-tingling movies, but I don't enjoy watching anything scary.send shivers down (one's) spineTo cause an intense feeling of fear, nervousness, exhilaration, or excitement in someone. Can we get out of here? This creepy old house is sending shivers down my spine! The way that sonata swells always sends shivers down my spine. It sent shivers down my spine when Dorothy gave me such an amorous look.See also: down, send, shiver, spinesend chills down (one's) spineTo cause an intense feeling of fear, nervousness, exhilaration, or excitement in one. Can we get out of here? This creepy old house is sending chills down my spine! The way that sonata swells always sends chills down my spine. It sent chills down my spine when Dorothy gave me such an amorous look.See also: chill, down, send, spinesend chills up (one's) spineTo cause an intense feeling of excitement, exhilaration, nervousness, or fear in one. The way that sonata swells always sends chills up my spine. It sent chills up my spine when Dorothy gave me such an amorous look. Can we get out of here? This creepy old house is sending chills up my spine!See also: chill, send, spine, upsend a chill up (one's) spineTo cause an intense feeling of excitement, exhilaration, nervousness, or fear in one. The way that sonata swells always sends a chill up my spine. It sent a chill up my spine when Dorothy gave me such an amorous look. Can we get out of here? This creepy old house is sending a chill up my spine!See also: chill, send, spine, upsend a chill down (one's) spineTo cause an intense feeling of excitement, exhilaration, nervousness, or fear in one. The way that sonata swells always sends a chill down my spine. It sent a chill down my spine when Dorothy gave me such an amorous look. Can we get out of here? This creepy old house is sending a chill down my spine!See also: chill, down, send, spinesend a chill down your spine or send chills down your spine COMMON1. If something sends a chill down your spine or sends chills down your spine, it frightens you. Even after two weeks, the story of the girl still sent a chill down my spine. The sound these animals make sends chills down your spine. Note: This expression is often varied. For instance, you can used up instead of down, or say you get chills down your spine. These events should send chills up the spines of most investors. I walk past the building and still get chills down my spine.2. If something sends a chill down your spine or sends chills down your spine, it makes you feel very excited and emotional. It is one of the things I have a real passion for and just talking about it sends a chill down my spine. The crowd was cheering so loudly, it sent chills down my spine. Note: This expression is often varied. For instance, you can used up instead of down, or say you get chills down your spine. `That's a song I've loved for 30 years — it sends chills up my spine,' says Geyer.See also: chill, down, send, spinea ˈchill runs/goes down somebody’s spine, send a ˈchill up/down somebody’s spine feel, or make somebody feel, horror and fear: When I read the details of the murder, a chill ran down my spine. ♢ The picture sent a chill up my spine. ▶ ˈspine-chilling adj.: a spine-chilling horror novelSee also: chill, down, goes, run, spinea ˈshiver runs/goes down somebody’s spine, send a ˈshiver up/down somebody’s spine feel, or make somebody feel, excitement or anxiety: This piece of music sends shivers down my spine. ♢ When I heard all those people shouting and screaming, a shiver ran down my spine.See also: down, goes, run, shiver, spinespine
spine: see spinal columnspinal column,
bony column forming the main structural support of the skeleton of humans and other vertebrates, also known as the vertebral column or backbone. It consists of segments known as vertebrae linked by intervertebral disks and held together by ligaments.
..... Click the link for more information. .Spine the main part of the axial skeleton of vertebrate animals and of man. In phylogeny the spine replaces the chorda of lower chordates. In ontogeny, the development of the cartilaginous or, more commonly, the bony vertebrae making up the spine results in the contraction of the chorda found in embryos and subsequent elimination of the chorda. However, cyclostomes, dip-noans, holocephalans, and acipenserids do not have vertebral bodies even when adult. Instead, paired arches—superior in cyclostomes and superior and inferior in the others—rest freely on a well-developed chorda. Historically, the appearance of the spine was related to increased mobility and speed in water. The loss of the flexibility that the chorda had provided was compensated for by the greater elasticity and strength of the spine, properties important for the functioning of the truncal musculature. The supportive role of the spine increased markedly when vertebrates began living on land. The need to strengthen the spine gave rise to articular processes of the vertebrae, which formerly had been jointed only by the vertebral bodies and connected by ligaments. The secondary function of the spine is to protect the spinal cord, which is contained in a special canal formed by the vertebral bodies from below and by the widened arches from above. Functionally, the spine is divided into segments whose number increases from the lower vertebrates to the higher. Fishes have two segments, a truncal segment with strong ribs and a caudal segment whose vertebrae bear the hemal arches that protect the caudal artery and vein. Terrestrial vertebrates have a spine consisting of four or five segments: cervical, thoracic, lumbar (absent in some groups), sacral, and caudal. The need to move the head gave rise to the cervical segment. The ribs of this segment are poorly developed or absent, while the vertebrae generally have well-developed condyles that permit great flexibility of the neck. Amphibians have only one cervical vertabra (the head can only bend down), reptiles have an average of eight (four to nine or more), birds have 11 to 25, and mammals have seven; only the manatees and didactyl sloths have six, whereas tridactyl sloths have nine or ten. The first two cervical vertebrae of amniotes, the atlas and epistropheus, have a shape permitting both tilting and rotating of the head. The thoracic segment has well-developed ribs, most of which articulate with the sternum to form the thorax; amphibians do not have a thorax. In birds, some of the thoracic vertebrae fused to form a single structure permitting flight. The lumbar segment has rudimentary ribs and is generally more mobile than the thoracic segment. Among amphibians and reptiles there are no clear-cut distinctions between the segments; all the vertebrae situated between the cervical and sacral segments are usually called spinal. The sacral segment is well developed in all terrestrial vertebrates because of the special role of the rear extremities in locomotion. The vertebrae of this segment are fixed to the pelvic bones by modified ribs joined with the transverse processes to form the sacrum. Amphibians have one sacral vertebra and reptiles usually have two. The two sacral vertebrae of birds fused with the lumbar, posterior thoracic, and anterior caudal segments to form a single bone, the complex sacrum that supports the pelvis. In mammals, the sacrum also consists of one to ten (generally two to four) fused vertebrae, of which only the first and second are true sacral vertebrae. The caudal segment, usually very mobile, performs a variety of functions. Among reptiles it is well developed, consists of many vertebrae, and is important in locomotion. The loss of the locomotor role of the tail in mammals led to its contraction. In tailless amphibians, the caudal vertebrae are fused into a single bone, the rodlike urostyle. Several of the caudal vertebrae in birds are also fused, forming the pygostyle which supports the rectrices. V. B. SUKHANOV In man, the spine consists of five segments: the cervical (seven vertebrae), thoracic (12), lumbar (five), sacral (five vertebrae fused into a single bone, the sacrum), and coccygeal (generally a single bone, the coccyx, consisting of three or four vertebrae). The spine provides solid bony protection for the spinal cord enclosed within. The shape of man’s spine has been conditioned by his upright mode of locomotion. Thickening evenly downward, the human spine has alternating flexures: convex in the cervical and lumbar segments (lordosis) and concave in the thoracic and sacral segments (kyphosis). With this structure, part of the pressure of a standing person’s weight is removed from the vertebrae and transmitted to the paravertebral ligaments. The flexures in the spine. modify the stresses caused by walking and running. Because of the flexibility of the vertebrae, the spine bends easily when the trunk moves: the spine is capable of bending, straightening up, tilting to one side, and rotating. Mobility is greatest in the cervical and lumbar segments and least in the thoracic segment. Man’s posture depends on the condition of the spine and its ligaments and surrounding muscles. Posture is also influenced by such static disturbances during growth as poor posture while studying. Among postural defects are leveling of the spine’s flexures (flat back) and enlargement of these flexures (sway-back). Diseases of the spine include rare congenital structural anomalies, acquired diseases, and traumas. Anomalies include the fusion of two or three vertebrae, the presence of additional vertebrae, flattening of the vertebrae (platyspondylisis), absence of bony fusion of an arch with a vertebral body (spondylolysis), and the splitting of vertebral arches. Most congenital anomalies are painless. Acquired diseases of the spine are far more common and may develop at any age. They include anteroposterior and lateral deviations, such inflammatory diseases as tuberculosis of the spine, osteomyelitis of the spine, and chronic infectious spondylitis, and spondylosis and intervertebral osteochondrosis. Among the traumas are injury to the spine’s ligamentous system: ruptures and sprains of the ligaments, injury to intervertebral disks, injury to joints and ligaments (subluxations and dislocations of the vertebrae), and injury to bones (fractures). Dislocations and subluxations usually occur in the cervical segment because of the segment’s greater mobility; these traumas are dangerous because of proximity to the medulla oblongata. Fractures of the vertebrae, the commonest form of trauma, may cause partial flattening of the spine as a result of compression. When a spinal fracture is combined with injury to the spinal cord, the posttraumatic period is very painful. Orthopedics and traumatology study diseases of the spine and deal with their treatment and prevention. REFERENCESBazilevskaia, Z. V. Zakrytye povrezhdeniia pozvonochnika. Moscow, 1962.
Chaklin, V. D. Osnovy operativnoi ortopedii i travmatologii. Moscow, 1964.
Tsiv’ian, Ia. L. Khirurgiia pozvonochnika. Moscow, 1966.
Kaplan, A. V. Zakrytye povrezhdeniia kostei i sustavov, 2nd ed. Moscow, 1967.
Watson-Jones, R. Perelomy kostei i povrezhdeniia sustavov. Moscow, 1972. (Translated from English.)V. F. POZHARISKII spine[spīn] (anatomy) An articulated series of vertebrae forming the axial skeleton of the trunk and tail, and being a characteristic structure of vertebrates. Also known as backbone; spinal column; vertebral column. (botany) A rigid sharp-pointed process in plants; many are modified leaves. (graphic arts) The edge of a book that connects the covers and along which the sections are secured together in the binding. Also known as backbone. (invertebrate zoology) One of the processes covering the surface of a sea urchin. (vertebrate zoology) One of the spiny rays supporting the fins of most fishes. A sharp-pointed modified hair on certain mammals, such as the porcupine. spine A nonstructural fairing along the dorsal centerline of the aircraft covering pipes, controls, and other services. In some cases, it is merely a drag-reducing fairing linking the canopy to the fin.spine1. the spinal column 2. the sharply pointed tip or outgrowth of a leaf, stem, etc. 3. Zoology a hard pointed process or structure, such as the ray of a fin, the quill of a porcupine, or the ridge on a bone 4. a ridge, esp of a hill spine
spine [spīn] 1. a thornlike process or projection; called also acantha and spina.2. the rigid bony structure in the midline of the back, composed of the vertebrae; called also backbone, spinal column, and vertebral column.
The spinal column is the axis of the skeleton; the skull and limbs are in a sense appendages. The vertebrae also provide the protective bony corridor (canal" >spinal canal) through which the spinal cord passes; they can move to a certain extent and so give flexibility to the spine, allowing it to bend forward, sideways and, to a lesser extent, backward. In the areas of the neck and lower back, the spine also can pivot, which permits the turning of the head and torso.
There are usually 24 movable vertebrae and nine that are fused together. The topmost are the seven cervical vertebrae, which form the back of the neck, supporting the skull. The head turns from side to side by means of a pivotal motion between the two highest vertebrae. Below these are the 12 thoracic vertebrae, the supports on which the ribs are hinged, and then the five lumbar vertebrae, the largest movable vertebrae (the cervical are the smallest). Below the lumbar vertebrae, the spine terminates with two groups of vertebrae fused into single bones: the sacrum, composed of five vertebrae, and the coccyx, composed of four vertebrae. Viewed from the side of the body, the spine has the shape of a gentle double S curve.Malformations of the Spine. Of the various types of spinal malformations, some are congenital and others the result of postural defects or injuries. spina bifida is congenital. kyphosis may occasionally be congenital but is more often caused by one of the diseases that attack the structure of the bones. The most common of these is pott's disease, or tuberculosis affecting the vertebrae and soft tissues of the spine. Another is osteitis deformans, a type of bone inflammation in which parts of the bone are replaced by softer tissue. scoliosis is a curvature of the spine toward one side.cervical spine that portion of the spine comprising the vertebrae" >cervical vertebrae.lumbar spine that portion of the spine comprising the vertebrae" >lumbar vertebrae.thoracic spine that part of the spine comprising the vertebrae" >thoracic vertebrae.spine (spīn), [TA] 1. A short, sharp, thornlike process of bone; a spinous process. Synonym(s): spina [TA]2. Synonym(s): vertebral column [L. spina] spine (spīn)n.1. The spinal column of a vertebrate.2. Zoology Any of various pointed projections, processes, or appendages of animals.3. Botany a. A strong, sharp-pointed outgrowth derived from a leaf or leaf part.b. Any of various similar sharp structures, such as a thorn.Spine A failed UK-wide infrastructure initiative developed by the National Programme for IT, which was meant to allow NHS workers to securely access patient information from any place in the country. It was to form the basis for the Integrated Care Record Service, the nationally networked version of local electronic patient records. It consisted of applications holding care-record data, security applications to restrict access to accredited users and a messaging service, providing interfaces between Spine data and other services, such as Choose and Book, GP2GP and the Electronic Prescription Service. It had a central pool of administrative (NHS number, date of birth, name and address), and was to have summary clinical data (allergies, adverse drug reactions and major treatments).
The Spine was meant to provide
• Personal Demographics Service
• Spine Directory Service
• Electronic Prescription Service
• Summary Care Recordspine Vox populi Vertebral column, see there. See Kissing spine, Spear tackler's spine. spine (spīn) [TA] 1. A short, sharp, thornlike process of bone; a spinous process. 2. Synonym(s): vertebral column. 3. The bar or stay in a horse's hoof. [L. spina]spine See VERTEBRAL COLUMN.spine any sharp pointed structure.SpineA term for the backbone that includes the vertebrae, disks, and spinal cord as a whole.Mentioned in: Cervical Spondylosisspine (spīn) [TA] A short, sharp, thornlike process of bone; a spinous process. [L. spina]Patient discussion about spineQ. Anyone have knowledge of cancer in the spine? Doctors think my 40 year old brother has. My brother has been undergoing test and treatnment for back problems since a vehicle accident in August. The did a test last week and Monday said they saw 4 nodules they think are cancer, his doctor said everytime he had seen this it was cancer. I am devestated right now but trying to stay positive. I am sure you will notice it on the site b/c I know it is affecting me and the stress and worry has the fibromyalgia kicking in at full speed:-( PLEASE anything you can tell me would be a help!A. Thank you for the answer and the prayers! Q. I have hurt my cervical spine and shoulder in a rear end car crash in July. Why does it still hurt? A. Spine and back injuries are known to to be causing a lot of pain and discomfort and for a long period of time. You should try and do some mellow exercise and physiotherapy that might help you a lot. If the pain is unbarable, you should consult your doctor about using pain medications. Q. Has anyone had a spine fusion that failed? Or hardware that failed? A. Haven't experienced it myself, but here (http://www.spine-health.com/forum/treatments/back-surgery-and-neck-surgery) you may find a discussion about it. More discussions about spineFinancialSeeBackboneSPINE
| Acronym | Definition |
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| SPINE➣Safe Programmable and Integrated Network Environment (computer science) | | SPINE➣Shared Program Information Network | | SPINE➣Sustainable Product Information Network for the Environment | | SPINE➣Structural Proteomics in the Northeast (project; Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium) | | SPINE➣Secure Positioning In sensor NEtworks |
spine
Related to spine: Human spineSynonyms for spinenoun backboneSynonyms- backbone
- vertebrae
- spinal column
- vertebral column
noun barbSynonyms- barb
- spur
- needle
- spike
- ray
- quill
- rachis
noun determinationSynonyms- determination
- resolution
- backbone
- resolve
- drive
- conviction
- fortitude
- persistence
- tenacity
- perseverance
- willpower
- firmness
- constancy
- single-mindedness
- steadfastness
- doggedness
- resoluteness
- indomitability
Synonyms for spinenoun a sharp, pointed objectSynonymsSynonyms for spinenoun the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cordSynonyms- spinal column
- vertebral column
- rachis
- backbone
- back
Related Words- notochord
- chine
- canalis vertebralis
- spinal canal
- vertebral canal
- coccyx
- tail bone
- vertebra
- intervertebral disc
- intervertebral disk
- skeletal structure
- axial skeleton
noun any sharply pointed projectionSynonymsRelated Wordsnoun a small sharp-pointed tip resembling a spike on a stem or leafSynonyms- pricker
- prickle
- spikelet
- sticker
- thorn
Related Wordsnoun the part of a book's cover that encloses the inner side of the book's pages and that faces outward when the book is shelvedSynonymsRelated Wordsnoun a sharp rigid animal process or appendageRelated Words- ray
- quill
- appendage
- outgrowth
- process
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