politics

pol·i·tics

P0414700 (pŏl′ĭ-tĭks)n.1. (used with a sing. verb)a. The art or science of government or governing, especially the governing of a political entity, such as a nation, and the administration and control of its internal and external affairs.b. Political science.2. (used with a sing. or pl. verb)a. The activities or affairs engaged in by a government, politician, or political party: "Our politics has been corrupted by money and suffused with meanness" (Peter Edelman)."Politics have appealed to me since I was at Oxford because they are exciting morning, noon, and night" (Jeffrey Archer).b. The methods or tactics involved in managing a state or government: The politics of the former regime were rejected by the new government leadership. If the politics of the conservative government now borders on the repressive, what can be expected when the economy falters?3. (used with a sing. or pl. verb) Political life: studied law with a view to going into politics; felt that politics was a worthwhile career.4. (used with a sing. or pl. verb) Intrigue or maneuvering within a political unit or a group in order to gain control or power: Partisan politics is often an obstruction to good government. Office politics are often debilitating and counterproductive.5. (used with a sing. or pl. verb) Political attitudes and positions: His politics on that issue is his own business. Your politics are clearly more liberal than mine.6. (used with a sing. or pl. verb) The often internally conflicting interrelationships among people in a society.Usage Note: Politics, although plural in form, takes a singular verb when used to refer to the art or science of governing or to political science: Politics has been a concern of philosophers since Plato. But in its other senses politics can take either a singular or plural verb. Many other nouns that end in -ics behave similarly, and the user is advised to consult specific entries for precise information.

politics

(ˈpɒlɪtɪks) n1. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) (functioning as singular) the practice or study of the art and science of forming, directing, and administrating states and other political units; the art and science of government; political science2. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) (functioning as singular) the complex or aggregate of relationships of people in society, esp those relationships involving authority or power3. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) (functioning as plural) political activities or affairs: party politics. 4. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) (functioning as singular) the business or profession of politics5. (functioning as singular or plural) any activity concerned with the acquisition of power, gaining one's own ends, etc: company politics are frequently vicious. 6. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) (functioning as plural) opinions, principles, sympathies, etc, with respect to politics: his conservative politics. 7. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) (functioning as plural) a. the policy-formulating aspects of government as distinguished from the administrative, or legalb. the civil functions of government as distinguished from the military

pol•i•tics

(ˈpɒl ɪ tɪks)

n. (used with a sing. or pl. v.) 1. the science or art of political government. 2. the practice or profession of conducting political affairs. 3. political affairs. 4. political methods or maneuvers. 5. political principles or opinions. 6. the use of strategy or intrigue in obtaining power, control, or status. Idioms: play politics, a. to engage in political intrigue. b. to deal with people in an opportunistic or manipulative way, as for job advancement. [1520–30]

Politics

See also government.
activismthe attitude of taking an active part in events, especially in a social context. — activist, n.agrarianismthe doctrine of an equal division of landed property and the advancement of agricultural groups. Also called agrarian reform. — agrarian, adj.analytical stasiologyan attempt, through the construction of conceptual frameworks, to develop a science of political parties.anticivismopposition to doctrines on citizenship, especially those promulgated in France during the French Revolution. — anticivic, adj.anti-Jacobinismopposition to the Jacobins, one of the revolutionary parties of the French revolution; by extension, the term denotes opposition to the French Revolution and any of its supporters. — anti-Jacobin, n.antimilitarismthe quality of being opposed to the establishment or maintenance of a governmental military force. — antimilitarist, n. — antimilitaristic, adj.antiterrorismthe techniques, policies, and training of special police who deal with terrorists, especially those who take hostages. — antiterrorist, adj.anythingarianismthe holding of no particular belief, creed, or political position. Cf. nothingarianism. — anythingarian, n.Arabisma devotion to Arab interests, custom, culture, ideals, and political goals.Arnoldista follower of Arnold of Brescia, 12th-century Italian political reformer, especially his attacks upon clerical riches and corruption and upon the temporal power of the pope.autonomyindependent self-rule free from outside influence.Babouvisma social and political doctrine advocating egalitarianism and communism. — Babouvist, n.bipartisanismthe state of being composed of members of two parties or of two parties cooperating, as in government. — bipartisan, adj.Boloismthe practice, during war, of promoting propaganda and defeatist activities favoring an enemy country.Bonapartism1. support of the actions and doctrines of Napoleon Bonaparte.
2. the desire for a leader to emulate Napoleon Bonaparte. — Bonapartist, n.boodleismU.S. Slang, the practice of bribery or illicit payments, especially to or from a politician. Also boodling. — boodier, n.bossismU.S. a control by bosses, especially political bosses.Bourbonism1. an adherence to the ideas and system of government developed by the Bourbons.
2. an extreme conservatism, especially in politics. — Bourbonist, n. — Bourbonian, Bourbonic, adj.brinkmanship, brinksmanshipthe technique or practice in foreign policy of manipulating a dangerous situation to the limits of tolerance or safety in order to secure advantage, especially by creating diplomatic crises.Caesarismthe characteristics shown by a dictatorship or imperial authority. — Caesarist, n.capitalisma theory or system in which property and investment in busines; are owned and controlled by individuals directly or through ownership of shares in companies. Cf. communism. — capitalist, n., adj. — capitalistic, adj.Carlismadherence to Don Carlos of Spain and to his successors. — Carlist, n.Castroismthe doctrines and policies of Fidel Castro, communist premier of Cuba.centrismadherence to a middle-of-the-road position, neither left nor right, as in politics. — centrist, adj., n.Chartismthe principles of a movement or party of English political reformers, chiefly workingmen, from 1838 to 1848, advocating better working and social conditions for laborers in its People’s Charter (1838). — Chartist, n.civicismthe doctrine that all citizens have the same rights and obligations.civilistObsolete, a person who studies politics.clubbisma system of political clubs, especially the clubs of the French Revolution. — clubbist, n. — clubbish, adj.Cobdenismthe political doctrines of Richard Cobden, who believed in peace and the withdrawal from European competition for balance of power.collectivismthe socialist principle of control by the state of all means of productive or economic activity. — collectivist, n., adj. — collectivistic, adj.communalism1. a theory or system of organization in which the major political and social units are self-governing communes, and the nation is merely a federation of such groups.
2. the principles or practices of communal ownership. Cf. communism, socialism. — communalist, n. — communalistic, adj.communisma theory or system in which all property is owned by all of the people equally, with its administration vested by them in the state or in the community. Cf. capitalism. — communist, n., adj. — communistic, adj.conservatism1. the disposition to retain what is established and to practice a policy of gradualism rather than abrupt change. Cf. radicalism.
2. the principles and practices of political conservatives, especially of the British Conservative party. — conservative, n., adj.constitutionalism1. the principles of the form of government defined by a constitution.
2. an adherence to these principles.
3. constitutional rule or authority. — constitutionalist, n.continentalism1. an attitude or policy of favoritism or partiality to a continent.
2. a policy advocating a restriction of political or economie relations to the countries of one continent. — continentalist, n.corruptionista person who practices or advocates corruption, especially in politics or public life.cronyismfavoritism, especially in the giving of political appointments.culottismthe habits and principles of nonrevolutionaries, of the bourgeoisie. Cf. sansculottism. — culottic, adj.czarism1. an autocratic government.
2. dictatorship. Also spelled tzarism, tsarism. — czarist, n., adj.Decembristone of those who conspired to overthrow Russian Czar Nicholas I in December, 1825. Also Dekebrist.DekebristDecembrist.demagogism, demagoguism, demagogythe art and practice of gaining power and popularity by arousing the emotions, passions, and prejudices of the people. Also demagoguery.democratisma doctrine of or belief in social equality or the right of all people to participate equally in politics.denominationalism1. the policy of being sectarian in spirit, especially in carrying out religious policy.
2. the tendency to separate or cause to separate into sects or denominations. — denominationalist, n., adj.departmentalismadvocacy of the division of something, such as an educational institution, into departments. — departmentalization, n.diversionismthe actions used by a saboteur against his own government and military forces. — diversionist, n. — diversionary, adj.dynamitismthe activity of terrorists who use dynamite to blow up public places.egalitarianisma social and political philosophy asserting the equality of all men, especially in their access to the rights and privileges of their society. Also equalitarianism. — egalitarian, n., adj.equalitarianismegalitarianism.etatisma form of state socialism.expansionisma policy of expansion, as of territory or currency. — expansionist, n., adj. — expansionistic, adj.factionalism, factionismthe state or quality of being partisan or self-interested. — factional, adj. — factionalist, n.Falangismthe doctrines and practices of the Spanish fascist party. — Falangist, n., adj.Fayettismthe beliefs and activities of the followers of the Marquis de Lafayette.Fenianismthe principles and practices of an Irish revolutionary organization founded in New York in 1858, especially its emphasis on the establishment of an independent Irish republic. — Fenian, n., adj.Feuillant(in France) a member of a club of constitutional monarchists, named after their meeting place at Notre Dame des Feuillants.Free Soilismthe principles of the Free Soil party (1846-56), which opposed the extension of slavery into any new territories of the United States. — Free Soiler, n.fusionismthe quality of having a coalition between certain political parties. — fusionist, n.Gandhism, Gandhiismthe principles of Mohandas K. Gandhi, Indian political and spiritual leader, especially his advocacy of passive resistance and noncooperation to achieve social and political reforms. — Gandhist, Gandhiist, n. — Candhian, adj.Gaullism1. the principles and policies of Charles de Gaulle during World War II in support of the Free French and opposed to the Vichy regime.
2. the political principles, chiefly conservative and nationalistic, of de Gaulle as French president, 1959-69. — Gaullist, n., adj.geopolitics1. the study or application of the effect of political or economic geography on the political structure, programs, or philosophy of a state.
2. a policy or policies based on such factors.
3. the complex of geographical and political factors affecting or determining the nature of a state or region.
4. the study of the relationship between geography and politics, applied especially to the study of the doctrines and actions of Nazi Germany in the context of world domination. — geopolitician, n. — geopolitical, adj.Ghibellinismthe principles of the imperial and aristocratic party of medieval Italy, especially their support of the German emperors. Cf. Guelphism. — Ghibelline, n., adj.Girondisma form of mild republicanism in France, 1791-1793, led by natives of the Gironde. — Girondist, n., adj.gradualismthe principle or policy of achieving a goal, as political or economic, by gradual steps rather than by sudden and drastic innovation. Cf. conservatism, radicalism. — gradualist, n., adj. — gradualistic, adj.Guelphism, Guelfismthe principles and practices of the papal and popular party in medieval Italy. Cf. Ghibellinism. — Guelphic, Guelfic, adj.Guesdismthe principles of Marxian socialism as interpreted by the French socialist, editor, and writer Jules Guesde. — Guesdist, n., adj.Hamiltonianismthe political theories, doctrines, or policies of Alexander Hamilton, especially federalism, strong central government, and protective tariffs. — Hamiltonian, n., adj.heteronomythe condition of being under the rule or domination of another.ideologythe body of doctrine, myth, symbol, etc., with reference to some political or cultural plan, as that of communism, along with the procedures for putting it into operation. — ideologist, idealogue, n. — ideologic, ideological, adj.illiberalismopposition to liberalism.institutionalism1. the system of institutions or organized societies devoted to public, political, or charitable, or similar purposes.
2. a strong attachment to established institutions, as political systems or religions. — institutionalist, n.insurgentismthe state of being an insurgent or rebel; the activities of insurgents or rebels.internationalism1. the belief in cooperation between nations for the common good.
2. advocacy of this concept, — internationalist, n., adj.interpolityRare. the holding of mutual citizenship.interventionismthe doctrine supporting intervention, especially in international affairs and the politics of other countries. — interventionist, n., adj.irredentism1. a national policy advocating the acquisition of some region in another country by reason of common linguistic, cultural, historical, ethnic, or racial ties.
2. (cap.) the policies of a 19th-century Italian party that sought to annex parts of certain neighboring regions with chiefly Italian populations. — irredentist, n., adj.isolationismthe policy or doctrine directed toward the isolation of a country from the affairs of other nations by a deliberate abstention from political, military, and economic agreements. — isolationist, n.isonomythe possession of equal political and legal rights by all citizens of a state.isopolitythe granting of equal or reciprocal political rights by different countries to each other’s citizens. — isopolite, n. — isopolitical, adj.Jacobinismthe practices of the Jacobins, a political group advocating equalitarian democracy during the French Revolution. — Jacobin, n. — Jacobinic, adj.Jeffersonianismthe political theories, doctrines, or policies of Thomas Jefferson, especially rigid interpretation of the U.S. Constitution, belief in an agrarian economy, states’ rights, and in the political acumen of the ordinary citizen. — Jeffersonian, adj.jusquaboutism, jusquaboutismea policy of self-sacrificing and determined radicalism. — jusquaboutist, n., adj.kaiserismthe autocratie political system and policies of a German kaiser.Khomeinismthe religious and political doctrines of the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (1900?-), who founded the Islamic Republic in Iran in 1979.Know-Nothingismdoctrines of the American Party (1853-1856), the main goal of which was to bar foreign-born citizens from participating in government. — know-nothing, n.leftisma radical or liberal position or doctrine, especially in politics. — leftist, n., adj.liberalism1. a political or social philosophy advocating the f reedom of the individual, parliamentary legislatures, governmental assurances of civil liberties and individual rights, and nonviolent modification of institutions to permit continued individual and social progress.
2. the principles and practice of a liberal political party. — liberalist, n., adj. — liberalistic, adj.liberationismthe principles of the liberationists, an English society opposed to a state or established church and favoring disestablishment. — liberationist, n.lobbyismthe practice of influencing legislators to favor special interests. — lobbyist, n.Locofocoismthe doctrines of the Locofocos, a radical faction of the New York City Democrats, organized in 1835 to oppose the conservatives in the party. — Locofoco, n., adj.Loyalism1. a dedication to the British cause during the American revolution; Toryism.
2. an adherence to the cause of the republic during the Spanish Civil War. — Loyalist, n., adj.Machiavellianism1. the principles of government set forth in The Prince by Machiavelli, in which political expediency is exalted above morality and the use of er aft and deceit to maintain authority or to effectuate policy is recommended. Also Machiavellism.
2. activity characterized by subtle cunning, duplicity, or bad faith. — Machiavellian, n., adj.Malanismthe principles and attitudes of Daniel F. Malan, prime minister of the Union of South Africa (1948-54), whose policies of apartheid and Afrikander supremacy were first made law during his term of office.McCarthyism1. U.S. the practice of making accusations of disloyalty, especially of pro-Communist activity, often unsupported or based on doubtful evidence.
2. any attempt to restrict political criticism or individual dissent by claiming it to be unpatriotic or pro-Communist.Medisman attitude of sympathy towards the Medes (Persians), held by some Greeks in the 6th and 5th centuries B.C.militarism1. the principle of maintaining a large military establishment.
2. the policy of regarding military efficiency as the supreme ideal of the state, and the subordinating of all other ideals to those of the military. Also militaryism. — militarist, n. — militaristic, adj.moderantismthe principle or policy of moderation, especially in politics and international relations. — moderantist, n.mugwumpism1. the practice of independence, especially in politics.
2. an inability to make up one’s mind, especially in politics; neutrality on controversial issues. Also mugwumpery. — mugwump, n. — mugwumpian, mugwumpish, adj.multitudinisma doctrine that lays stress on the importance of the multitude instead of the individual. — multitudinist, n., adj. — multitudinal, adj.Nazism, Naziismthe principles and practices of the National Socialist Workers’ party under Adolf Hitler from 1933 to 1945. — Nazi, n., adj.negrophilismthe advancement and advocacy of equal rights for Negroes. — negrophilist, n. — negrophile, adj.neocolonialismdomination of a small or weak country by a large or strong one without the assumption of direct government. — neocolonialist, n., — neocolonial, adj.neoconservatisma new movement in conservatism, usually seen as a move further to the right of the position currently occupied by conservatives in politics or in attitudes. — neoconservative, n., adj.neoliberalisma movement that modifies classical liberalism in light of 20th-century conditions.neutralismthe practice or policy of remaining neutral in foreign affairs. — neutralist, n.noninterventionismthe doctrine that governments should not interfere in the politics of other countries. — noninterventionist, n., adj.nonpartisanismthe practice or policy of nonsupport for established or regular political parties. Also nonpartisanship. — nonpartisan, n., adj.nothingarianismthe holding of no belief, creed, or political position. Cf. anythingarianism. — nothingarian, n.Pan-Africanismthe doctrine or advocacy of alliance or cooperation among all African states. — Pan-Africanist, n., adj.Pan-Americanismthe idea of a single state including all of North and South America.Pan-Arabismthe doctrine or advocacy of alliance or cooperation among all Arab states. — Pan-Arabist, n., adj.Pan-Germanisma 19th-century political movement whose aim was the unification of all Germans.partisanisman action or spirit of partiality for a specific political party. Also partisanship. — partisan, n., adj.partyism1. the system of political parties.
2. a strong adherence to a party. — partyist, n.passivism1. the state or quality of being passive.
2. the doctrine or advocacy of a passive policy, as passive resistance. — passivist, n.physiocratismthe principles and doctrines of political economists following the ideas of Francois Quesnay in holding that an inherent natural order adequately controlled society and advocating a laissezfaire economy based on land as the best system to prevent interference with natural laws. — physiocrat, n. — physiocratic, adj.Pittismthe policies of William Pitt the Younger, chief minister under King George III of England and sympathizer with the colonies during the American Revolution. — Pittite, n.pluralism1. Ecclesiastic. the holding of two or more church offices by a single person.
2. the state or condition of a common civilization in which various ethnic, racial, or religious groups are free to participate in and develop their common cultures.
3. a policy or principle supporting such cultural plurality. — pluralist, n. — pluralistic, adj.politicomaniaa mania for politics.politologythe study of politics; political science. Also politicology. — politologist, n. — politological, adj.polycentrismthe existence of a number of basic guiding principles in the political system of a Communist government.popular sovereignty1. the doctrine that sovereign power is vested in the people and that those chosen by election to govern or to represent must conform to the will of the people.
2. U.S. History. a doctrine, held chiefly before 1865 by antiabolitionists, that new territories should be free of federal interference in domestic matters, especially concerning slavery.populism1. the principles and doctrines of any political party asserting that it represents the rank and file of the people.
2. (cap.) the principles and doctrines of a late 19th-century American party, especially its support of agrarian interests and a silver coinage. — populist, n., adj. — populistic, adj.pornocracydomination of government by prostitutes, especially in reference to the Roman government in the flrst half of the lOth century.progressivism1. Also called progressionism, progressism. the principles and practices of those advocating progress, change, or reform, especially in political matters.
2. (cap.) the doctrines and beliefs of the Progressive party in America. — progressivist, n.proletarianismthe practices, attitudes, social status, or political condition of an unpropertied class dependent for support on daily or casual labor. — proletarian, n., adj.proportionalismthe principle of electing officials by proportionality. — proportionalist, n., adj.psephologythe study of elections. — psephologist, n. — psephological, adj.quislingismthe traitorous rejection of one’s native country foliowed by the acceptance of a position of authority in the government of an occupying power. — quisling, n.radicalism1. the holding or following of principles advocating drastic political, economie, or social reforms. Cf. conservatism, gradualism.
2. the principles or practices of radicals. — radical, n., adj.realpolitikrealism in politics, especially policies or actions based on considerations of power rather than ideals.Rebeccaismthe beliefs of rioters in South Wales in 1843-44, who were led by a man dressed as a woman and called Rebecca. — Rebeccaite, n.reformismthe doctrine or movement of reform whether it be social, moral, or of any other type. — reformist, n. — reformistic, adj.retrogradismadherence to reactionary politics. — retrogradist, n., adj.royalismthe support or advocacy of a royal government. — royalist, n., adj. — royalistic, adj.sanscullotismany extreme republican or revolutionary principles. Cf. culottism. — sanscullotist, n. — sanscullotic, sanscullotish, adj.secessionismthe doctrines and practices of the secessionists. — secessionist, n., adj. — secessional, adj.separatisman advocacy of separation, especially ecclesiastical or political separation, as the secession of U.S. states before the Civl War. — separatist, n., adj.Sinarquisma secret Mexican counterrevolutionary movement, advocating the return to Christian social standards and opposing communism, labor unions, conscription, and Pan-Americanism. — Sinarquist, n.Slavophobiafear or hatred of things Slavic, especially of real or imagined political influence. — Slavophobe, n. — Slavophobic, adj.socialism1. a theory or system of social organization advocating placing the ownership and control of capital, land, and means of production in the community as a whole. Cf. utopian socialism.
2. the procedures and practices based upon this theory.
3. Marxist theory. the first stage in the transition from capitalism to communism, marked by imperfect realizations of collectivist principles. — socialist, n., adj. — socialistic, adj.Spartacist1. a member of a German socialist party founded in 1918.
2. an extreme socialist. [Allusion to Spartacus, leader of a slave revolt against Rome, 73-71 B.C.]stalwartismthe principles and actions characteristic of one who is a strong partisan of a cause. — stalwart, n.stand pattismextreme conservatism.suffragettismmilitant advocacy of suffrage for women. Cf. suffragism.suffragismany advocacy of the granting or extension of the suffrage to those now denied it, especially to women. — suffragist, n.syndicalism1. an economic system in which workers own and manage an industry.
2. a revolutionary form or development of trade unionism, originating in France, aiming at possession and control of the means of production and distribution and the establishment of a corporate society governed by trade unions and workers’ cooperatives. — syndicalist, n. — syndicalistic, adj.Tammanism, Tammanyism1. the activities and principles of Tammany Hall, a powerful New York City Democratic political society of the 1800s, founded as a benevolent organization, which later deteriorated into a force for political patronage and corruption.
2. activities or beliefs similar to those of Tammany Hall. — Tammanyite, n., adj.territorialism1. the principle of the political predominance of the landed classes; landlordism.
2. the theory of church policy vesting supreme ecclesiastical authority in a civil government, as in 16th-century Germany. Also called territorial system. — territorialist, n.terrorism1. a method of government or of resisting government involving domination or coercion by various forms of intimidation, as bombing or kidnapping.
2. the state of fear and terror so produced. — terrorist, n., adj. — terroristic, adj.Toryism1. a support of the British cause during the American Revolution.
2. an advocacy of conservative principles opposed to reform and radicalism.
3. the actions of dispossessed Irishmen in the 17th century who were declared outlaws and noted for their outrages and cruelty.
4. the principles of a conservative British party in power until 1832. — Tory, n., adj., — Toryish, adj.two-partyismthe condition in a nation of having two political parties with equal voting strength and little opposition from other parties.tzarism, tsarismczarism.ultraconservatismextreme conservatism, especially in politics. — ultraconservative, n., adj.ultraism1. the principles of those who advocate extreme points of view or actions, as radicalism.
2. extremist activities. — ultraist, n., adj. — ultraistic, adj.un-Americanismthe state or condition of being out of sympathy with or against an ideal of American behavior, attitudes, beliefs, etc. — un-American, n., adj.utopian socialisman economie theory based on the premise that voluntary surrender by capital of the means of production would bring about the end of poverty and unemployment. Cf. socialism.Watergatism1. any underhanded, illegal, unethical, or dishonest political practice or action.
2. behavior attempting to conceal such practices or action.WhiggarchyRare. government or rule by Whigs.Whiteboyismthe doctrines and activities of the Irish Whiteboys, a secret agrarian society formed in 1761 to fight high rents [from the white shirts worn by the members at night for identification]. — Whiteboy, n.

Politics/Politicians

The body politic, like the human body, begins to die from its birth, and bears in itself the causes of its destruction —Jean Jacques Rousseau
A cannibal is a good deal like a Democrat, they are forced to live off each other —Will Rogers, weekly newspaper article, April 14, 1929
The Democratic party is like a man riding backward in a railroad car; it never sees anything until it has got past it —Thomas B. Reed
The Democratic party is like a mule, without pride of ancestry or hope of posterity —Emory Storrs
The Democrats are like someone at a funeral who just found out they won the lottery —Eleanor Clift, McLaughlin Group television show, December 28, 1986
The comparison was made during a discussion of the Iran Contra aid scandal.
Elections … are like mosquitoes, you can’t very well fight ‘em off without cussing ‘em —Will Rogers, letter to Los Angeles Times, November 10, 1932
In politics as in religion, it so happens that we have less charity for those who believe the half of our creed, than for those that deny the whole —Charles Caleb Colton
In politics, as in womanizing, failure is decisive. It sheds its retrospective gloom on earlier endeavor which at the time seemed full of promise —Malcolm Muggeridge
Like American beers, presidential candidates these days are all pretty much the same, heavily watered for blandness, and too much gas —Russell Baker
A man running for public office is like a deceived husband; he is usually the last person to realize the true state of affairs —Robert Traver
A man without a vote is, in this land, like a man without a hand —Henry Ward Beecher
Merchandise candidates for high office like breakfast cereal … gather votes like box tops —Adlai Stevenson
In his August 18, 1956 speech accepting the presidential nomination, Stevenson used this double simile to verbally shake his head at the idea that politics is just like product merchanding.
Ministers fall like buttered bread; usually on the good side —Ludwig Boerne
One revolution is just like one cocktail; it just gets you organized for the next —Will Rogers
Patronage personnel are like a broken gun, you can’t make them work, and you can’t fire them —Peter Dominick, from the monthly newsletter of Senator Dominick, August, 1966
Political elections … are a good deal like marriages, there’s no accounting for anyone’s taste —Will Rogers, weekly newspaper article, May 10, 1925
Political rhetoric has become, like advertising, audible wallpaper, always there but rarely noticed —George F. Will
A politician is like quick-silver; if you try to put your finger on him, you find nothing under it —Austin O’Malley
Politicians are like drunks. We’re the ones who have to clean up after them —Bryan Forbes
Politicians are like the bones of a horse’s foreshoulder, not a straight one in it —Wendell Phillips, 1864 speech
Politics are almost as exciting as war, and quite as dangerous —Sir Winston Churchill
Churchill followed up the simile with, “In war you can only be killed once, but in politics many times.”
Politics are like a labyrinth, from the inner intricacies of which it is even more difficult to find the way of escape than it was to find the way into them —William E. Gladstone
Politics is like a circus wrestling match —Nikita S. Khrushchev
Politics is like a race horse. A good jockey must know how to fall with the least possible damage —Edouard Herriot
Politics is like being a football coach. You have to be smart enough to understand the game and dumb enough to think it’s important —Eugene McCarthy
Politics is like waking up in the morning. You never know whose head you will find on the pillow —Winston Churchill
Politics, like religion, hold up the torches of martyrdom to the reformers of error —Thomas Jefferson
Presidential appointments are left to us like bad debts after death —Janet Flanner
Professional politicians are like chain smokers, lighting a new campaign on the butt of the old one —Steven V. Roberts, New York Times, November 24, 1986
This was the only simile in Roberts’ article. Yet, as is so often the case, it was the phrase highlighted as a boxed blurb to get reader attention.
The public is like a piano. You just have to know what keys to poke —John Dewey
The pursuit of politics is like chasing women: the expense is damnable, the position ridiculous, the pleasure fleeting —Robert Traver
Running for public office was not unlike suffering a heart attack; overnight one’s whole way of life had abruptly to be changed —Robert Traver
So long as we read about revolutions in books, they all look very nice … like those landscapes which, as artistic engravings on white vellum, look so pure and friendly —Heinrich Heine
(They said) the range of political thinking is round, like the face of a clock —Tony Ardizzone
A voter without a ballot is like a soldier without a bullet —Dwight D. Eisenhower, New York Times Book Review, October 27, 1957
Watching foreign affairs is sometimes like watching a magician; the eye is drawn to the hand performing the dramatic flourishes, leaving the other hand, the one doing the important job, unnoticed —David K. Shipler, New York Times, March 15, 1987

politics

policy">policy political">political1. 'politics'

The noun politics is usually used to refer to the methods by which people get, keep, and use power in a country or society.

She is interested in a career in politics.Her parents never discussed politics.

When politics is used like this, you can use either a singular or plural form of a verb with it. It is more common to use a singular form.

Politics is sometimes about compromise.American politics are very interesting.

Politics can refer to a particular set of beliefs about how countries should be governed or power should be used. When you use politics like this, you use a plural form of a verb with it.

I think his politics are are quite conservative.

Politics can also refer to the study of the ways in which countries are governed, and of the ways in which people get and use power. When you use politics like this, you must use a singular form of a verb with it.

Politics is often studied together with Economics.2. 'policy'

There is no noun 'politic'. To refer to a course of action or plan that has been agreed upon by a government or political party, use policy.

He criticized the government's education policy.3. 'political'

Don't use 'politic' as an adjective to mean 'relating to politics'. Use political.

The government is facing a political crisis.Do you belong to a political party?

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	politics - social relations involving intrigue to gain authority or power; "office politics is often counterproductive"political relationsocial relation - a relation between living organisms (especially between people)wilderness - (politics) a state of disfavor; "he led the Democratic party back from the wilderness"
	2.	politics - the study of government of states and other political unitspolitical science, governmentbolt - a sudden abandonment (as from a political party)politics - the profession devoted to governing and to political affairsgoverning, government activity, government, governance, administration - the act of governing; exercising authority; "regulations for the governing of state prisons"; "he had considerable experience of government"mandate - the commission that is given to a government and its policies through an electoral victorypatronage - (politics) granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political supportdemonstration, manifestation - a public display of group feelings (usually of a political nature); "there were violent demonstrations against the war"cabal, conspiracy - a plot to carry out some harmful or illegal act (especially a political plot)social science - the branch of science that studies society and the relationships of individual within a societygeopolitics - the study of the effects of economic geography on the powers of the statepractical politics, realpolitik - politics based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerationscatechism - a series of question put to an individual (such as a political candidate) to elicit their viewsnominating address, nominating speech, nomination - an address (usually at a political convention) proposing the name of a candidate to run for election; "the nomination was brief and to the point"combination - an alliance of people or corporations or countries for a special purpose (formerly to achieve some antisocial end but now for general political or economic purposes)Soviets - the government of the Soviet Union; "the Soviets said they wanted to increase trade with Europe"civilization, civilisation - a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations); "the people slowly progressed from barbarism to civilization"side - one of two or more contesting groups; "the Confederate side was prepared to attack"assassin, assassinator, bravo - a murderer (especially one who kills a prominent political figure) who kills by a surprise attack and often is hired to do the deed; "his assassins were hunted down like animals"; "assassinators of kings and emperors"muckraker, mudslinger - one who spreads real or alleged scandal about another (usually for political advantage)fencesitter, independent, mugwump - a neutral or uncommitted person (especially in politics)regular - a dependable follower (especially in party politics); "he is one of the party regulars"coattails effect - (politics) the consequence of one popular candidate in an election drawing votes for other members of the same political party; "he counted on the coattails effect to win him the election"war chest - a fund accumulated to finance a war (or a political campaign)Sturm und Drang, upheaval, turbulence - a state of violent disturbance and disorder (as in politics or social conditions generally); "the industrial revolution was a period of great turbulence"
	3.	politics - the profession devoted to governing and to political affairsprofession - an occupation requiring special education (especially in the liberal arts or sciences)political science, politics, government - the study of government of states and other political units
	4.	politics - the opinion you hold with respect to political questionspolitical sympathiesopinion, persuasion, sentiment, thought, view - a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty; "my opinion differs from yours"; "I am not of your persuasion"; "what are your thoughts on Haiti?"
	5.	politics - the activities and affairs involved in managing a state or a government; "unemployment dominated the politics of the inter-war years"; "government agencies multiplied beyond the control of representative politics"activity - any specific behavior; "they avoided all recreational activity"affairs - transactions of professional or public interest; "news of current affairs"; "great affairs of state"

politics

noun1. affairs of state, government, government policy, public affairs, civics He quickly involved himself in politics.2. political beliefs, party politics, political allegiances, political leanings, political sympathies My politics are well to the left of centre.3. political science, polity, statesmanship, civics, statecraft He studied politics and medieval history.4. power struggle, machinations, opportunism, realpolitik, Machiavellianism He doesn't know how to handle office politics.Quotations
"Politics is the art of the possible" [Prince Otto von Bismarck]
"A week is a long time in politics" [Harold Wilson]
"Politics is not the art of the possible. It consists in choosing between the disastrous and the unpalatable" [John Kenneth Galbraith Ambassador's Journal]
"Politics...has always been the systematic organisation of hatreds" [Henry Brooks Adams The Education of Henry Adams]
"Practical politics consists in ignoring facts" [Henry Brooks Adams The Education of Henry Adams]
"In politics the middle way is none at all" [John Adams]
"In politics, what begins in fear usually ends in folly" [Samuel Taylor Coleridge Table Talk]
"There is a holy mistaken zeal in politics as well as in religion. By persuading others, we convince ourselves" [Junius Public Advertiser]
"Politics is war without bloodshed while war is politics with bloodshed" [Mao Tse-tung]
"Politics is perhaps the only profession for which no preparation is thought necessary" [Robert Louis Stevenson Familiar Studies of Men and Books]
"Most schemes of political improvement are very laughable things" [Dr. Johnson]
"politics: a strife of interests masquerading as a contest of principles. The conduct of public affairs for private advantage" [Ambrose Bierce The Devil's Dictionary]Proverbs
"Politics makes strange bedfellows"

Political parties

Australia Australian Labor Party, Liberal Party of Australia, National Party of AustraliaAustria Freedom Party (FPÖ), People's Party (ÖVP), Socialist Party (SPÖ)Belgium Flemish Bloc (VB), Flemish Green Party (Agalev), French Green Party (Ecolo), Flemish Liberal Party (PVV), French Liberal Reform Party (PRL), Flemish Social Christian Party (CVP), French Social Christian Party (PSC), Flemish Socialist Party (SP), French Socialist Party (PS)Canada Bloc Quebecois, Liberal Party, New Democratic Party, Progressive Conservative, Reform Party, Social Credit PartyDenmark Centre Democrats (CD), Christian People's Party (KrF), Conservative People's Party (KF), Left Socialists, Liberals (V), Progress Party (FP), Radical Liberals (RV), Social Democrats (SD), Socialist People's Party (SF)Finland Centre Party (KP), Democratic Alternative, Finnish People's Democratic League (SKDL), Finnish Rural Party (SMP), Green Party, National Coalition Party (KOK), Social Democratic Party (SD), Swedish People's Party (SFP)France Communist Party (PC), National Front, Rally for the Republic (RDR), Republican Party (PR), Socialist Party (PS), Union for French Democracy (UDF)Germany Christian-Democratic Union (CDU), Christian-Social Union (CSU), Free Democratic Party (FDP), Green Party, Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS), Social Democratic Party (SPD)Greece Greek Communist Party, New Democracy (ND), Pan-Hellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK), Political Spring (Politiki Aniksi)India Congress (I), Janata Dal, Bharitiya Janata Party (BJP)Irish Republic Democratic Left, Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael, Labour Party, Progressive DemocratsIsrael Labour Party, LikudItaly Centre Union, Christian Democrat Party, Democratic Party of the Left (PDS), Forza Italia, National Alliance, Northern LeagueJapan Democratic Socialist Party, Liberal Democratic Party, Komeito, Social Democratic PartyLuxembourg Communist Party, Democratic Party (PD), Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (POSL), Christian Social Party (PCS)Malta Malta Labour Party, Nationalist PartyMexico Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), National Action Party (PAN), Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD), Revolutionary Workers' Partythe Netherlands Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), Labour Party (PvdA), People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD)New Zealand Labour Party, National PartyNorthern Ireland Democratic Unionist Party, Official Ulster Unionist Party, Sinn Féin, Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP)Portugal Democratic Renewal Party (PRD), Democratic Social Centre Party (CDS), Social Democratic Party (PSD), Socialist Party (PS)South Africa African National Congress (ANC), Inkatha Freedom Party, National Party, Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC)Spain Basque Nationalist Party (PNV), Convergencia i Uni (CiU), Herri Batasuna (HB), People's Party (PP), Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), United Left (IU)Sweden Centre Party, Christian Democratic Party, Green Party, Left Party, Liberal Party, Moderate Party, Social Democratic Labour Party (SAP)Turkey Motherland Party (ANAP), Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK), Social Democratic Populist Party, True Path PartyUnited Kingdom (Mainland) Conservative and Unionist Party, Labour Party, Liberal Democrats, Plaid Cymru, Scottish National PartyUnited States of America Democratic Party, Republican Party

Translations

政治

politics

(ˈpolitiks) noun singular or plural the science or business of, or ideas about, or affairs concerning, government. 政治poˈlitical adjective of, or concerning, politics. for political reasons; political studies.政治的poˈlitically adverb政治地poˌlitically corˈrect adjective (also PC) (of language or behaviour) that does not offend particular groups of people. It is politically correct to use `he or she', and not just `he', when you mean a man or a woman. （言语或行为等）政治上正确的，不冒犯特定族群的 ˌpoliˈtician (-ˈtiʃən) noun a person whose job is politics; a member of parliament. 政治家political asylum protection given by a government to a foreigner who has left his own country for political reasons. 政治避难political prisoner a person who has been imprisoned for political reasons and not for any crime. 政治犯political ˈscience noun a field of study dealing with politics, government and other political institutions. 政治学

politics

→ 政治zhCN

politics

1. the practice or study of the art and science of forming, directing, and administrating states and other political units; the art and science of government; political science 2. the complex or aggregate of relationships of people in society, esp those relationships involving authority or power 3. political activities or affairs 4. the business or profession of politics 5. opinions, principles, sympathies, etc., with respect to politics 6. a. the policy-formulating aspects of government as distinguished from the administrative, or legal b. the civil functions of government as distinguished from the military

politics

the processes within a STATE or organization (including groups of all kinds, e.g. families) concerned with influencing the content and implementation of the goals, policies, etc., it pursues, its government (compare POLITICAL SYSTEM).
the science or study of POLITICS 1 and government (see also POLITICAL SCIENCE).

Politics

the sphere of activity associated with relations between classes, nations (natsii, nations in the historical sense), and other social groups. The core of politics is the problem of winning, maintaining, and exercising state power. The essence of politics is “the organization of state power” (V. I. Lenin, Poln. sobr. soch., 2nd ed., vol. 23, p. 239). Politics means “participation in the affairs of state, direction of the state, definition of the forms, tasks, and content of state activity” (ibid, vol. 33, p. 340). In the final analysis, the content of politics is always determined by the interests of a class or an alliance of classes. Any social problem may acquire a political dimension if its solution is directly or indirectly linked with class interests or the problem of power (K. Marx and F. Engels, Soch., 2nd ed., vol. 1, p. 360).

For thousands of years, attempts were made to explain the character of political activity. However, the motives inspiring political actions and movements were usually attributed either to abstract, timeless human nature or to religious, philosophical, or other categories that were viewed in an equally nonhistorical way. A scientific explanation of politics and the establishment of a science of politics became possible only with the emergence of Marxism. The materialist understanding of history, as well as the explanation of the role and function of classes in the totality of social phenomena, made it possible to draw a fundamental conclusion: political relations are essentially class relations.

Politics has existed as a distinct, specific form of public activity ever since classes emerged, and it will continue to exist as long as classes persist. The needs of classes determine the content of political interests. As society became more complex and classes and other social groups became conscious of their interests, the political superstructure of society took shape. Most political activity took place within newly formed organizations and institutions—first the state and later, the political parties. From the Marxist-Leninist point of view, the motion of economic processes determines politics, as both practical relations and ideology. Politics is considered part of the superstructure, which stands above the economic base of society (see BASE AND SUPERSTRUCTURE).

Economic interests act as the ultimate social causes of political actions. The character of the relations between economics and politics was sharply expressed by Lenin in two classic formulations: “politics is a concentrated expression of economics” (Poln. sobr. soch., 5th ed., vol. 42, p. 278) and “politics must take precedence over economics” (ibid). The determining importance of economic relations is the point of departure of the first formulation, which calls attention to the universalized political image of economic reality. Politics does not simply reflect economics. In political demands and decisions, economic needs are stripped of all their accidental and impermanent aspects, and their primary and fundamental aspects gain prominence. This process may take place spontaneously and unconsciously, resulting in many instances in a distorted political reflection of economic relations and interests. Only a scientific, theoretical approach to the relations between politics and economics makes it possible to find political forms that adequately reflect economic needs.

In his second formulation of the relation between economics and politics, Lenin emphasizes the necessity of subordinating the resolution of economic problems to the fundamental task of preserving and strengthening political power. Lenin wrote: “Without the correct political approach to the matter, the given class will be unable to stay on top, and, consequently, will be incapable of solving its production problem either” (ibid., p. 79). A correct political approach includes viewing the aims of production in the context of the sociopolitical problems characteristic of a particular historical period as a whole.

Although derived from economic activity, political activity is, to a large degree, independent of it. The logic of politics is not a mechanical copy of the logic of economic development. Thus, it is possible for political actions to contradict the laws of economic development. More often, however, political actions do not give full consideration to the laws of economic development. Palliative measures may be a limited success, as is evident in government regulation of the economy in the contemporary capitalist system. However, in the long run ameliorative political actions are doomed to failure, because they treat not the disease but its symptoms.

The relative autonomy of politics raises broad possibilities for progressive influences on the economic process, and on the course of history in general. K. Marx referred to force, or violence, the most extreme expression of political action, as the midwife of history. Even if one discusses not only the critical moments in history, when violence is necessary and unavoidable, but also the normal, peaceful flow of history, political actions that reflect the maturing needs of social and, above all, economic development are powerful accelerators of social progress. Such political actions are forces that contribute to the conscious and efficient realization of the potential in the objective state of affairs.

Among the sources of the various deviations from Marxism is an incorrect understanding of the relationship between economics and politics. On the one hand, a narrow orientation toward economic factors or an underestimation or minimization of the creative role of political action results in passivity in the principal centers of power and in an increased number of uncontrolled, spontaneous influences on the social organism. On the other hand, an indifferent attitude toward the demands of economics and a belief in the omnipotence of political decisions and slogans deprive political leadership of its necessary objective basis, transforming it into a reign of subjectivism and arbitrariness. Thus, on the one hand, politics merges with economics, and on the other, it is divorced from economics and counterposed to it. Both approaches have the same result: scientific politics is abandoned and is replaced by various types of subjective ideas.

As the concentrated expression of economic and other needs of the various classes, politics has a substantial influence on all the principal elements of the superstructure and provides decisive criteria for distinguishing the progressive from the reactionary. In addition, as the class struggle becomes more acute, a broader range of questions is drawn into politics. Therefore, it is natural that a universal “politicization” of public life is taking place in the present epoch, which is characterized by a worldwide process involving the replacement of one socioeconomic formation by another. The most important and urgent problems facing humanity are political ones.

The distinction between international politics and internal or domestic politics is correct but somewhat artificial and conventional. Lenin wrote: “It is fundamentally wrong, un-Marxist, and unscientific, to single out ‘foreign policy’ from policy in general, let alone counterpose foreign policy to home policy” (ibid., vol. 30, p. 93). On the whole, the foreign policy of a state is determined by the class character and the general character of its domestic politics. At the same time, the international situation has a considerable effect on domestic politics. In the final analysis, both foreign and domestic policy have the same goal: to ensure the preservation and strengthening of the system of social relations in a particular state.

Within this general framework, however, the two main categories of politics have their own important characteristics. The methods of solving domestic political problems are determined by the state’s monopoly on political power, even when there is an openly expressed political opposition. In international politics, however, there is no single power center. The international arena is characterized by the activity of various states that are equal, in principle. Their relations with each other are shaped through struggles and negotiations and through various types of agreements and compromises.

For thousands of years, world politics was openly ruled by the principle of “might makes right.” The emergence of the first socialist state created a completely new situation in the system of international relations. The history of Soviet foreign policy, the essential principles of which were established by Lenin, may be described as a struggle to establish new methods and forms in international politics and new principles for international relations.

Domestic politics falls into two basic categories: government actions and the activity of the ruling parties. Depending on the sphere of social relations at which it is directed, political activity is classified as economic, social, cultural, or technological policy. The core of sociopolitical life in any antagonistic class society is the struggle for power and political dominance between antagonistic classes and between various groups in the ruling class.

Under socialism, after the exploiting classes have been eliminated, the center of gravity in politics shifts to the strengthening and perfecting of the political organization of society, the development of socialist democracy, and the gradual transformation of the entire system of social relations. As long as capitalist society exists, the struggle to maintain the political power of the toiling people will continue to have a sharply defined class character. The internal aspects of politics in the socialist states gradually lose their antagonistic class features as socialism becomes stronger. Of course, even under socialism there are conflicts of opinion reflecting contradictions in social development, as well as the struggle between the old and the new in society. Accordingly, there are different approaches to the solution of problems. Open, creative consideration of differing views and opinions and broad discussion of urgent sociopolitical problems are vital preconditions for further strengthening and developing socialism.

In its most general form, the structure of political leadership may be broken down into several basic aspects. Political leadership involves setting up fundamental tasks and clearly defining the long-term and short-term goals to be achieved in a certain period of time. The degree to which political goals and tasks are realistic and likely to be accomplished depends on the degree to which they correspond to the relation of social forces and to the possibilities actually existing at a particular stage of development.

Political leadership also presupposes the elaboration of methods, techniques, and forms of public activity and organization that can contribute to the optimal means of achieving proposed goals. Because the problem of the relation between ends and means can only be solved on the basis of certain moral concepts, it transcends the framework of “pure” politics. Communists decisively reject the amoral thesis that the end justifies the means. Political experience shows that when inhumane means are used to realize humane ends, success is ephemeral, and the ends themselves are debased and dehumanized.

Political leadership is associated with the necessity of selecting and deploying cadres capable of understanding and carrying out the tasks assigned to them. The three aspects of political leadership—defining fundamental goals, elaborating methods of public activity for the optimal achievement of goals, and selecting competent cadres—presuppose a concrete analysis of specific situations and a review of the possible variants for solving a political problem, so that the best variant can be chosen. Knowledge of a general pattern is not enough to ensure success in politics. Similarly, the use of modern methods, such as systems analysis, is not sufficient for the exercise of political leadership.

Scientific politics rests on the firm foundation of Marxist-Leninist theory, which discloses the laws of historical development. Under socialism, the core of scientific politics, or its central meaning and substance, is the problem of social management—that is, the problem of consciously directing social progress. The most important aspects of the work of the ruling Communist parties, which serve as the leaders of the working class and of all the toiling people, are the elaboration of a general, long-term outlook on the development of society and, in order to realize that long-term vision, the elaboration of a correct political line and an effective organization of the toiling people. As the scope of socialist and communist construction becomes broader, the tasks that must be solved become more complex, and the parties leading the masses assume a more responsible, more important role.

Political theory, which provides a general orientation for political activity, cannot cover all events or outline the totality of possible results from a particular cluster of causes. Therefore, politics—even scientific politics—is as much an art as it is a science. The truth of this assertion is demonstrated particularly by the fact that politics is likely to be broadly influenced by the personal qualities of political leaders. Thus, a single objective need (for example, an economic need) may be reflected in various political decisions, the substance of which may, to a large extent, depend on the judgment of the individuals with decision-making power. Although the range of deviation produced by the operation of such subjective factors is objectively limited, it may lead to disharmony or disproportion in political actions.

Unlike economics or culture, politics is among the historically transitory phenomena in society. As the communist socioeconomic formation develops, the shell of politics, within which both material and cultural progress have taken place, grows thinner and thinner, until it dissolves, giving way to the social self-government associated with communism. The relations between people, as well as the management of public affairs, will lose their political character. The establishment of social homogeneity among all mankind will mark the end of politics as a separate form of human activity.

REFERENCES

Marx, K. “K kritike gegelevskoi filosofii prava.” In K. Marx and F. Engels, Soch., 2nd ed., vol. 1.
Marx, K. “Politicheskie partii i perspektivy.” Ibid., vol. 8.
Engels, F. “Pozitsiia politicheskikh partii.” Ibid., vol. 1.
Lenin, V. I. “Po povodu odnoi stat’i v organe Bunda.” Poln. sobr. soch., 5th ed., vol. 14.
Lenin, V. I. “Vybornaia kampaniia sotsial-demokratii v Peterburge.” Ibid., vol. 14.
Lenin, V. I. “Otnoshenie k burzhuaznym partiiam.” Ibid., vol. 15.
Lenin, V. I. “Polemicheskie zametki.” Ibid., vol. 20.
Lenin, V. I. “Blok kadetov s progressistami i ego znachenie.” Ibid., vol. 21.
Lenin, V. I. “O liberal’nom i marksistskom poniatii klassovoi bor’by.” Ibid., vol. 23.
Lenin, V. I. “Eshche o politicheskom krizise.” Ibid., vol. 25.
Lenin, V. I. “O karikature na marksizm i ob ‘imperialisticheskom ekonomizme.’” Ibid., vol. 30.
Lenin, V. I. “Nad kem smeetes’? Nad soboi smeetes’!” Ibid., vol. 32.
Lenin, V. I. “Iz dnevnika publitsista.” Ibid., vol. 34.
Lenin, V. I. “Politicheskii otchet Tsentral’nogo Komiteta 7 marta.” Ibid., vol. 36.
Lenin, V. I. “Tsennye priznaniia Pitirima Sorokina.” Ibid., vol. 37.
Lenin, V. I. “Zametki publitsista.” Ibid., vol. 40.
Lenin, V. I. Detskaia bolezn’ ‘levizny’ v kommunizme. Ibid., vol. 41.
Lenin, V. I. “Doklad o zamene razverstki natural’nym nalogom 15 marta [X s”ezd RKP(b)].” Ibid., vol. 43.
Lenin, V. I. I. Armand 6(19) ianv. 1917. (Letter.) Ibid, vol. 49.
Stronin, A. Politika kak nauka. St. Petersburg, 1872.
Chicherin, B. Kurs gosudarstvennoi nauki, part 3. Moscow, 1898.
Lashina, M. V. Spetsificheskie zakonomemosti politiki i osobennosti ikh deistviia v usloviiakh stroitel’stva kommunizma. Moscow, 1968.
Burlatskii, F. M. Lenin, gosudarstvo, politika. Moscow, 1970.
Azarov, N.I. V. I. Lenin o politike kak obshchestvennom iavlenii. Moscow, 1971.
Bovin, A. E. V. I. Lenin o politike i politicheskoi deiatel’nosti. Moscow, 1971.
Pichugin, P. V. M esto i rol’ politiki v razvitii sovetskogo obshchestva. Moscow [1971].

A. E. BOVIN

Politics

Eatanswilltown where party politics arouses fierce oppositions and loyalties. [Br. Lit.: Dickens Pickwick Papers]Prince, Thehandbook of advice on acquiring and using political power. [Ital. Lit.: Machiavelli The Prince]Skeffington, Frankold-time machine politician loses mayoralty and dies on election night. [Am. Lit.: Edwin O’Connor The Last Hurrah in Hart, 457]

politics

pol·i·tics

politics

pol•i•tics

Politics

Politics/Politicians

politics

politics

Political parties

politics

politics

politics

a week is a long time in politics

palace politics

all politics is local

play politics

strange bedfellows

third rail

identity politics

politics makes strange bedfellows

play politics

Politics makes strange bedfellows.

play politics

strange bedfellows

third rail

play politics

strange bedfellows

politics

politics

politics

Politics

REFERENCES

Politics

politics

Synonyms for politics

noun affairs of state

Synonyms

noun political beliefs

Synonyms

noun political science

Synonyms

noun power struggle

Synonyms

Synonyms for politics

noun social relations involving intrigue to gain authority or power

Synonyms

Related Words

noun the study of government of states and other political units

Synonyms

Related Words

noun the profession devoted to governing and to political affairs

Related Words

noun the opinion you hold with respect to political questions

Synonyms

Related Words

noun the activities and affairs involved in managing a state or a government

Related Words