Toorop

a family of Dutch artists of the 19th and 20th centuries.

Jan Theodoor Toorop (Johannes Toorop). Born Dec. 20, 1858, in Purworejo, Java; died Mar. 3, 1929, in The Hague. Painter, graphic artist, monumental sculptor, enameler, and potter.

Toorop studied in the academies of art of Amsterdam and Brussels from 1881 to 1885. His work was influenced by J. Bastien-Lepage, E. Manet, and J. Ensor, as well as by symbolism and cubism. After his early experiments in plein-air painting and a fascination with social motifs, Toorop turned to religious and symbolic images and a refined stylization of line. His chief works include the stained-glass windows of St. Josefskerk in Nijmegen (1913–15).

Charley Toorop (real name, Annie Caroline Pontifex). Born Mar. 24, 1891, in Katwijk, South Holland; died Nov. 5, 1955, in Bergen, North Holland. Painter.

Toorop studied mainly under her father, Jan Toorop. Her major works are monumental genre scenes, realistic in style, and portraits. Her paintings are permeated with understated emotion and assert the dignity of workers and creative thinkers, for example, Three Generations (1941–50; Boymans–Van Beunigen Museum, Rotterdam).