释义 |
polymerase
pol·y·mer·ase P5460700 (pə-lĭm′ə-rās′, -rāz′, pŏl′ə-mə-)n. Any of various enzymes, such as DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, or reverse transcriptase, that catalyze the formation of polynucleotides of DNA or RNA using an existing strand of DNA or RNA as a template.polymerase (pəˈlɪməreɪz) n (Biochemistry) any enzyme that catalyses the synthesis of a polymer, esp the synthesis of DNA or RNApol•y•mer•ase (ˈpɒl ə məˌreɪs, -ˌreɪz) n. any of several enzymes that catalyze the formation of a long-chain molecule by linking smaller molecular units. [1955–60] ThesaurusNoun | 1. | polymerase - an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of new DNA and RNA from an existing strand of DNA or RNAenzyme - any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactionsDNA polymerase - the enzyme responsible for DNA replicationRNA polymerase, transcriptase - the enzyme that copies DNA into RNAreverse transcriptase - a polymerase that catalyzes the formation of DNA using RNA as a template; found especially in retroviruses |
Polymerase
polymerase[pə′lim·ə‚rās] (biochemistry) An enzyme that links nucleotides together to form polynucleotide chains. Polymerase (nucleotidyltransferase), an enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes the synthesis of nucleic acids from nucleoside triphosphates in the presence of DNA or RNA, which serves as the template. The synthesis of a new chain of DNA (replication) or RNA (transcription) on a DNA template is accomplished with strict adherence to the principle of complementarity. The action of polymerases involves the transfer of a molecule of ribonucleoside or deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate to the end of a chain of RNA or DNA that is being synthesized, which results in extension of the chain and liberation of a molecule of pyrophosphate. The synthesis of RNA catalyzed by DNA-dependent RNA polymerase takes place on one of the chains of the double—helical DNA template. The newly synthesized polyribonucleotide branches from the DNA template as a single thread. The synthesis of DNA takes place simultaneously on both chains of a previously uncoiled DNA template. The discovery and isolation of DNA polymerase in 1956 by the American scientist A. Romberg enabled him to be the first to carry out the synthesis of active DNA in a test tube. REFERENCESKornberg, A. “Puti fermentativnogo sinteza nukleotidov i polinukleotidov.” In Khimicheskie osnovy nasledstvennosti. Moscovi 1960. (Translated from English.) Davidson, J. Biokhimiia nukleinovykh kislot. Moscow, 1968. (Translated from English.)L. S. KHAILOVA polymerase
polymerase [pah-lim´er-ās] an enzyme that catalyzes polymerization.polymerase chain reaction a rapid technique for in vitro amplification of specific DNA or RNA sequences, allowing small quantities of short sequences to be analyzed without cloning.pol·ym·er·ase (pol-im'ĕr-ās), General term for any enzyme catalyzing a polymerization, as of nucleotides to polynucleotides, thus belonging to EC class 2, the transferases.polymerase (pə-lĭm′ə-rās′, -rāz′, pŏl′ə-mə-)n. Any of various enzymes, such as DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, or reverse transcriptase, that catalyze the formation of polynucleotides of DNA or RNA using an existing strand of DNA or RNA as a template.POLA1 A gene on chromosome Xp22.1-p21.3 that encodes the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase that plays a key role in initiating DNA replication.pol·ym·er·ase (pŏ-lim'ĕr-ās) General term for any enzyme catalyzing a polymerization, as of nucleotides to polynucleotides, thus belonging to EC class 2, the transferases. polymerase Any enzyme that promotes the linkage of a number of similar or identical chemical subunits into repetitive long-chain molecules (polymers), especially of NUCLEOTIDES to form DNA or RNA. Derivation as in POLYMER with the -ase suffix denoting an enzyme.polymerase an enzyme that catalyses the joining of DNA or RNA nucleotides.AcronymsSeepolaritypolymerase Related to polymerase: RNA polymerase, Taq polymeraseWords related to polymerasenoun an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of new DNA and RNA from an existing strand of DNA or RNARelated Words- enzyme
- DNA polymerase
- RNA polymerase
- transcriptase
- reverse transcriptase
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