Ten-Day and One-Day Art and Literature Festivals of the Peoples of the

displays in Moscow and in Union and autonomous republics of achievements in the arts and in literature; one of the forms of lively communication and exchange of creative experiences among people in the arts. Ten-day art festivals and ten-day literature festivals were arranged separately until 1950. Plays, concerts, and variety programs were shown in the Hall of Columns of the House of Unions, as well as in palaces of culture. Literary evenings and discussions of works of literature and the arts were held in unions of creative artists, factory clubs, large kolkhozes, and higher educational institutions. Conferences and exhibitions of books, paintings, and stage designs were also arranged. In addition to professional groups, amateur arts ensembles and performers took part in the ten-day festivals. The climax of a ten-day festival was usually a ceremonial gala concert.

Ten-day art festivals in Moscow included the Ukrainian (March 1936), Kazakh (May 1936), Georgian (January 1937), Uzbek (May 1937), Azerbaijani (April 1938), Kirghiz (May-June 1939), Armenian (October 1939), Byelorussian (June 1940), Buriat (October 1940), and Tadzhik (April 1941), as well as the Moldavian Ten-Day Festival of National Music and Dance (December 1949).

Ten-day literature festivals in Moscow included the Armenian (May 1941), Georgian (May 1944), Turkmenian (September 1946), Lithuanian (February-March 1948), Latvian (December 1948), Byelorussian (January 1949), Kazakh (May 1949), Tadzhik (September 1949) and Estonian (May-June 1950).

Ten-day festivals of art and literature in Moscow have included the Azerbaijani (November-December 1950), Ukrainian (June 1951), Uzbek (November 1951), Lithuanian (March 1954), Byelorussian (February 1955), Bashkir (June 1955), Turkmenian (October 1955), Latvian (December 1955), Armenian (May-June 1956), Estonian (December 1956), Tadzhik (April 1957), Tatar (May-June 1957), Kabarda-Balkar (June-July 1957), Adygei and KarachaiCherkess (October 1957), Yakut (December 1957), Georgian (March-April 1958), Kirghiz (October 1958), Kazakh (December 1958), Uzbek (February 1959), Azerbaijani (May-June 1959), Karelian (August-September 1959), Buriat (November-December 1959), Dagestani (April 1960), Moldavian (May-June 1960), Severnaia Osetiia (August-September 1960), and Ukrainian (November 1960), as well as the Tadzhik literature festival (June 1965).

Evening and one-day festivals of fraternal literatures have been held in Moscow since 1960; masters of the arts frequently participate. These festivals have included Armenian poetry (July 1961), Estonian literature (June 1962), Turkmenian literature and arts (January-February 1965), Kalmyk literature (January 1967), and Tatar literature and arts (October 1970). One-day exchange festivals of arts and literature are also successful—for example, Ukrainian writers and masters of arts visit Moldavia and the Moldavians visit the Ukraine; Turkmenians go to Lithuania and Lithuanians to Turkmenia. Writers from the RSFSR regularly visit Union and autonomous republics.