race

race¹

R0003900 (rās)n.1. A group of people identified as distinct from other groups because of supposed physical or genetic traits shared by the group. Most biologists and anthropologists do not recognize race as a biologically valid classification, in part because there is more genetic variation within groups than between them.2. A group of people united or classified together on the basis of common history, nationality, or geographic distribution: the Celtic race.3. A genealogical line; a lineage.4. Humans considered as a group.5. Biology a. A usually geographically isolated population of organisms that differs from other populations of the same species in certain heritable traits: an island race of birds.b. A breed or strain, as of domestic animals.6. A distinguishing or characteristic quality, such as the flavor of a wine.adj.1. Of or relating to race; racial: race relations; race quotas.2. Of or relating to forms of popular entertainment made by and largely marketed to African Americans in the early 1900s: race literature; race records.

[Middle French rasse, race, lineage, race, from Old Italian razza, probably from Old French haraz, stud farm for horses : Old French *har-, gray, gray-haired (as in French dialectal (Normandy) harousse, nag, old mare; perhaps in reference to the graying of stud horses with age and from Old Norse hārr, gray-haired, hoaryakin to English hoar) or Old French *har-, hair (perhaps in reference to the fact that stud horses are no longer regularly saddled; akin to French dialectal (Norman) har, hair, in monter á har, to ride on hair, ride bareback, from Old Norse hār, hairakin to English hair) + Old French -az, -as, n. suff. (from Latin -āceus, -aceous).]

race²

R0003900 (rās)n.1. Sports a. A competition of speed, as in running or riding.b. races A series of such competitions held at a specified time on a regular course: a fan of the dog races.2. An extended competition in which participants struggle like runners to be the winner: the presidential race.3. Steady or rapid onward movement: the race of time.4. a. A strong or swift current of water.b. The channel of such a current.c. An artificial channel built to transport water and use its energy. Also called raceway.5. A groovelike part of a machine in which a moving part slides or rolls.6. See slipstream.v. raced, rac·ing, rac·es v.intr.1. Sports To compete in a contest of speed.2. To move rapidly or at top speed: We raced home. My heart was racing with fear.3. To run too rapidly due to decreased resistance or unnecessary provision of fuel: adjusted the idle to keep the engine from racing.v.tr.1. Sports a. To compete against in a race.b. To cause to compete in a race: She races horses for a living.2. To transport rapidly or at top speed; rush: raced the injured motorist to the hospital.3. To cause (an engine with the gears disengaged, for example) to run swiftly or too swiftly.

[Middle English ras, from Old Norse rās, rush, running; see ers- in Indo-European roots.]

race

(reɪs) n1. a contest of speed, as in running, swimming, driving, riding, etc2. any competition or rivalry: the race for the White House. 3. rapid or constant onward movement: the race of time. 4. (Physical Geography) a rapid current of water, esp one through a narrow channel that has a tidal range greater at one end than the other5. (Human Geography) a channel of a stream, esp one for conducting water to or from a water wheel or other device for utilizing its energy: a mill race. 6. (Mechanical Engineering) a. a channel or groove that contains ball bearings or roller bearings or that restrains a sliding componentb. the inner or outer cylindrical ring in a ball bearing or roller bearing7. (Agriculture) Austral and NZ a narrow passage or enclosure in a sheep yard through which sheep pass individually, as to a sheep dip8. (Australian Rules Football) Austral a wire tunnel through which footballers pass from the changing room onto a football field9. (Mining & Quarrying) NZ a line of containers coupled together, used in mining to transport coal10. (Aeronautics) another name for slipstream¹11. archaic the span or course of life12. not in the race informal Austral given or having no chancevb13. to engage in a contest of speed with (another)14. to engage (oneself or one's representative) in a race, esp as a profession or pastime: to race pigeons. 15. to move or go as fast as possible16. (Automotive Engineering) to run (an engine, shaft, propeller, etc) or (of an engine, shaft, propeller, etc) to run at high speed, esp after reduction of the load or resistance[C13: from Old Norse rās running; related to Old English rǣs attack]

race

(reɪs) n1. (Anthropology & Ethnology) a group of people of common ancestry, distinguished from others by physical characteristics, such as hair type, colour of eyes and skin, stature, etc. Principal races are Caucasoid, Mongoloid, and Negroid2. (Anthropology & Ethnology) the human race human beings collectively3. (Biology) a group of animals or plants having common characteristics that distinguish them from other members of the same species, usually forming a geographically isolated group; subspecies4. a group of people sharing the same interests, characteristics, etc: the race of authors. 5. play the race card informal to introduce the subject of race into a public discussion, esp to gain a strategic advantage[C16: from French, from Italian razza, of uncertain origin]

race

(reɪs) n (Plants) a ginger root[C15: from Old French rais, from Latin rādīx a root]

Race

(reɪs) n (Placename) Cape Race a cape at the SE extremity of Newfoundland, Canada

race¹

(reɪs)

n., v. raced, rac•ing. n. 1. a contest of speed, as in running, riding, driving, or sailing. 2. races, a series of races, run at a set time over a regular course. 3. any contest or competition, esp. to achieve superiority: an arms race. 4. an urgent effort, as when a solution is imperative: a race to find a vaccine. 5. onward movement; an onward or regular course. 6. the course of time or life. 7. a. a strong or rapid current of water, as in the sea or a river. b. the channel or bed of such a current or of any stream. 8. an artificial channel leading water to or from a place where its energy is utilized. 9. a channel, groove, or the like, for sliding or rolling a part or parts, as the balls of a ball bearing. v.i. 10. to engage in a contest of speed; run a race. 11. to run horses or dogs in races. 12. to run, move, or go swiftly. 13. (of an engine, wheel, etc.) to run with undue or uncontrolled speed when the load is diminished without corresponding diminution of fuel, force, etc. v.t. 14. to run a race against. 15. to enter (a horse, car, etc.) in a race. 16. to cause to run, move, or go at high speed: to race a motor. [1250–1300; < Old Norse rās a running, race]

race²

(reɪs)

n. 1. a group of persons related by common descent or heredity. 2. Anthropol. a. a classification of modern humans, sometimes, esp. formerly, based on an arbitrary selection of physical characteristics, as skin color, facial form, or eye shape, and now frequently based on such genetic markers as blood groups. b. a human population partially isolated reproductively from other populations, whose members share a greater degree of physical and genetic similarity with one another than with other humans. 3. any people united by common history, language, cultural traits, etc.: the Dutch race. 4. the human race or family; humankind. 5. Zool. a variety; subspecies. 6. any group, class, or kind, esp. of persons. 7. the characteristic taste or flavor of wine. [1490–1500; < French < Italian razza, of uncertain orig.]

Race

(reɪs)

n. Cape, a cape at the SE extremity of Newfoundland.

Race

See also anthropology; discrimination; heredity.
albocracyrule by Caucasians, especially Europeans.anthroposociologythe sociological study of race using anthropological methods. — anthroposociological, adj.apartheidthe policy of strict racial segregation and political and economic discrimination against non-whites practiced in the Republic of South Africa.Aryanism1. a doctrine propagandized by Nazism asserting that the so-called Aryan peoples were superior to all others in the practice of government and the development of civilization.
2. a belief in this doctrine and acceptance of its social and ethical implications, especially with regard to the treatment of so-called inferior races. — Aryanist, n.bigotryobtuse or narrow-minded intolerance, especially of other races or religions. — bigot, n., — bigoted, adj.biracialismthe principle or practice of combining or representing two separate races, as white and Negro, on governing boards, committees, etc. — biracialist, biracial, adj.cacogenicsBiology. the study of the operation of factors that cause degeneration in offspring, especially as applied to factors unique to separate races. Also called dysgenics. — cacogenic, adj.creolismthe state of being a creole.endemismthe quality of belonging to a particular race, region, or country. — endemicity, n.ethnocracya government controlled by a particular race or national group. — ethnocratic, adj.ethnogeographythe study of the geographical distribution of racial groups and the relationship between them and their environments. — ethnogeographer, n. — ethnogeographic, adj.ethnopsychologythe psychology of races and peoples. — ethnopsychological, adj.eugenismthe blend of factors and influences most suitable for the improvement of the inherited characteristics of a breed or race, especially the human race. — eugenic, adj.euthenicsthe art or science of improving a race or breed, especially the human race, by control of external influences, as environment. See also improvement.genocide1. the deliberate and systematic extermination of a racial or national group.
2. an actor in this process. — genocidal, adj.gentilismthe state or quality of being non-Jewish, and especially a heathen or pagan.Gobinismthe theory or doctrine that the white race in general and the Germanic race in particular are superior to all other peoples.integrationismthe combination of educational and other public facilities, previously segregated by race, into unified systems shared by all races. — integrationist, n. , adj.interracialismthe principles, beliefs, and attitudes influencing actions aimed at improving relations among differing races. — interracial, adj.Jensenismthe belief that blacks are mentally inferior to whites, based on results of intelligence tests that failed to account for such differences as test questions slanted in favor of whites, lack of cultural and educational oppor-tunities among blacks, etc. — Jensenist, n., adj.Melanochroismthe condition of belonging to the Caucasian race and having dark hair and a light complexion. — Melanochroic, adj. — Melanochroid, adj., n.miscegenation1. the interbreeding of members of different races.
2. cohabitation or marriage between a man and woman of different races, especially, in the U.S., between a Negro and a white person.
3. the mixing or mixture of races by interbreeding.monogenesismonogenism. See also organisms.monogenismthe belief that all human races descended from a common ancestral type. Also monogenesis, monogeny. — monogenist, n. — monogenistic, adj.nigritudethe condition of being black; blackness.polygenismthe theory that all human races descended from two or more ancestral types. — polygenist, n. — polygenistic, adj.racialismthe belief in or practice of the doctrine of racism. — racialist, n. — racialistic, adj.racisma belief that human races have distinctive characteristics that determine their respective cultures, usually involving the idea that one’s race is superior and has the right to control others. — racist, adj.segregationismthe views and policies of those who would separate or maintain as separate rights, public facilities, etc., on the basis of race. See also apartheid.supremacista person who advocates supremacy of a particular group, especially a racial group.Xanthochroismthe condition of belonging to the Caucasian race and having fair skin and blond hair. — Xanthochroi, Xanthocroid, n. — Xanthochroic, Xanthocroid, adj.

Race

a breed or class of individuals similar in appearance; a company; a row or series.Examples: race of beasts, 1819; of birds; of youthful and unhandled colts, 1596; of cows, 1822; of coxcombs, 1712; of demi-gods, 1697; of doctors; of fishes, 1819; of grasses, 1802; of heavens (angels), 1667; of horses, 1781; of learned men, 1748; of plants, 1712; of poets, 1875; of serpents, 1774; of sheep, 1745; of stud of mares, 1547; of trains (a couple or set, or trains coupled together).

race

Past participle: raced
Gerund: racing

Imperative
race
race

Present
I race
you race
he/she/it races
we race
you race
they race

Preterite
I raced
you raced
he/she/it raced
we raced
you raced
they raced

Present Continuous
I am racing
you are racing
he/she/it is racing
we are racing
you are racing
they are racing

Present Perfect
I have raced
you have raced
he/she/it has raced
we have raced
you have raced
they have raced

Past Continuous
I was racing
you were racing
he/she/it was racing
we were racing
you were racing
they were racing

Past Perfect
I had raced
you had raced
he/she/it had raced
we had raced
you had raced
they had raced

Future
I will race
you will race
he/she/it will race
we will race
you will race
they will race

Future Perfect
I will have raced
you will have raced
he/she/it will have raced
we will have raced
you will have raced
they will have raced

Future Continuous
I will be racing
you will be racing
he/she/it will be racing
we will be racing
you will be racing
they will be racing

Present Perfect Continuous
I have been racing
you have been racing
he/she/it has been racing
we have been racing
you have been racing
they have been racing

Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been racing
you will have been racing
he/she/it will have been racing
we will have been racing
you will have been racing
they will have been racing

Past Perfect Continuous
I had been racing
you had been racing
he/she/it had been racing
we had been racing
you had been racing
they had been racing

Conditional
I would race
you would race
he/she/it would race
we would race
you would race
they would race

Past Conditional
I would have raced
you would have raced
he/she/it would have raced
we would have raced
you would have raced
they would have raced

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	race - any competition; "the race for the presidency"contest, competition - an occasion on which a winner is selected from among two or more contestantsarms race - a competition between nations to have the most powerful armamentscampaign, political campaign, run - a race between candidates for elective office; "I managed his campaign for governor"; "he is raising money for a Senate run"
	2.	race - a contest of speed; "the race is to the swift"contest, competition - an occasion on which a winner is selected from among two or more contestantsauto race, automobile race, car race - a race between (usually high-performance) automobilesbicycle race - a race between people riding bicyclesboat race - a race between people rowing or driving boatsburnup - a high-speed motorcycle race on a public roadchariot race - a race between ancient chariotsdog racing - a race between dogs; usually an occasion for betting on the outcomefoot race, footrace, run - a race run on foot; "she broke the record for the half-mile run"freestyle - a race (as in swimming) in which each contestant has a free choice of the style to usecross country - a long race run over open countryheat - a preliminary race in which the winner advances to a more important racehorse race - a contest of speed between horses; usually held for the purpose of bettingpotato race - a novelty race in which competitors move potatoes from one place to another one at a timesack race - a novelty race in which competitors jump ahead with their feet confined in a sackscratch race - a race in which all contestants start from scratch (on equal terms)ski race, skiing race - a race between people wearing skisrelay race, relay - a race between teams; each member runs or swims part of the distancerepechage - a race (especially in rowing) in which runners-up in the eliminating heats compete for a place in the final race
	3.	race - people who are believed to belong to the same genetic stock; "some biologists doubt that there are important genetic differences between races of human beings"group, grouping - any number of entities (members) considered as a unitpeople of color, people of colour, colour, color - a race with skin pigmentation different from the white race (especially Blacks)Herrenvolk, master race - a race that considers itself superior to all others and fitted to rule the othersBlack race, Negro race, Negroid race - a dark-skinned raceCaucasian race, Caucasoid race, White people, White race - a light-skinned raceMongolian race, Mongoloid race, Yellow race - an Asian raceAmerindian race, Indian race - usually included in the Mongoloid raceIndian race - sometimes included in the Caucasian race; native to the subcontinent of IndiaSlavic people, Slavic race - a race of people speaking a Slavonic language
	4.	race - (biology) a taxonomic group that is a division of a species; usually arises as a consequence of geographical isolation within a speciessubspeciesbiological science, biology - the science that studies living organismstaxon, taxonomic category, taxonomic group - animal or plant group having natural relations
	5.	race - the flow of air that is driven backwards by an aircraft propellerbackwash, slipstream, airstream, washflow - any uninterrupted stream or discharge
	6.	race - a canal for a current of waterracewaycanal - long and narrow strip of water made for boats or for irrigation
Verb	1.	race - move fast; "He rushed down the hall to receive his guests"; "The cars raced down the street"belt along, bucket along, cannonball along, hie, hotfoot, pelt along, rush, rush along, speed, step on it, hastengo, locomote, move, travel - change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically; "How fast does your new car go?"; "We travelled from Rome to Naples by bus"; "The policemen went from door to door looking for the suspect"; "The soldiers moved towards the city in an attempt to take it before night fell"; "news travelled fast"barge, push forward, thrust ahead - push one's way; "she barged into the meeting room"shoot down, tear, buck, charge, shoot - move quickly and violently; "The car tore down the street"; "He came charging into my office"dash, scoot, scud, dart, flash, shoot - run or move very quickly or hastily; "She dashed into the yard"
	2.	race - compete in a race; "he is running the Marathon this year"; "let's race and see who gets there first"runcompete, vie, contend - compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against othersshow - finish third or better in a horse or dog race; "he bet $2 on number six to show"place - finish second or better in a horse or dog race; "he bet $2 on number six to place"boat-race - participate in a boat racehorse-race - compete in a horse racecampaign, run - run, stand, or compete for an office or a position; "Who's running for treasurer this year?"speed skate - race on skates
	3.	race - to work as fast as possible towards a goal, sometimes in competition with others; "We are racing to find a cure for AIDS"act, move - perform an action, or work out or perform (an action); "think before you act"; "We must move quickly"; "The governor should act on the new energy bill"; "The nanny acted quickly by grabbing the toddler and covering him with a wet towel"
	4.	race - cause to move fast or to rush or race; "The psychologist raced the rats through a long maze"rushmove, displace - cause to move or shift into a new position or place, both in a concrete and in an abstract sense; "Move those boxes into the corner, please"; "I'm moving my money to another bank"; "The director moved more responsibilities onto his new assistant"

race

¹noun1. contest, event, competition, chase, dash, pursuit, contention, relay, time-trial a running race in a Cambridge quadrangle2. contest, competition, quest, rivalry, contention the race for the White Houseverb1. compete against, run against, try to beat, have a race with They may even have raced each other.2. compete, run, contend, take part in a race He, too, will be racing here again soon.3. run, fly, career, speed, tear, dash, hurry, barrel (along) (informal, chiefly U.S. & Canad.), dart, gallop, zoom, hare (Brit. informal), hasten, burn rubber (informal), go like a bomb (Brit. & N.Z. informal), run like mad (informal) They raced away out of sight.4. soar, rise, climb, rocket, escalate, shoot up Economic growth raced ahead.5. pump, pound, hammer, thump, throb, flutter, thud, pulsate, palpitate, beat rapidly Her heart raced uncontrollably.

race

²noun people, ethnic group, nation, blood, house, family, line, issue, stock, type, seed (chiefly biblical), breed, folk, tribe, offspring, clan, kin, lineage, progeny, kindred We welcome students of all races, faiths and nationalities.Quotations
"No race has the last word on culture and on civilization" [Marcus Garvey speech]
"There are only two races on this planet - the intelligent and the stupid" [John Fowles]

race

nounA vying with others for victory or supremacy:battle, competition, contest, corrivalry, rivalry, strife, striving, struggle, tug of war, war, warfare.verbTo move swiftly:bolt, bucket, bustle, dart, dash, festinate, flash, fleet, flit, fly, haste, hasten, hurry, hustle, pelt, rocket, run, rush, sail, scoot, scour, shoot, speed, sprint, tear, trot, whirl, whisk, whiz, wing, zip, zoom.Informal: hotfoot, rip.Slang: barrel, highball.Chiefly British: nip.Idioms: get a move on, get cracking, go like lightning, go like the wind, hotfoot it, make haste, make time, make tracks, run like the wind, shake a leg, step on it.

Translations

种族赛跑竞赛人种民族

race¹

(reis) noun a competition to find who or which is the fastest. a horse race.赛跑 verb1. to (cause to) run in a race. I'm racing my horse on Saturday; The horse is racing against five others.赛跑2. to have a competition with (someone) to find out who is the fastest. I'll race you to that tree.竞赛3. to go etc quickly. He raced along the road on his bike.疾驰ˈracer noun a car, bicycle etc built for competitive racing. 比赛用车ˈracecourse noun (a place with) a course over which horse races are run. 赛马场ˈracehorse noun a horse bred and used for racing. 比赛用马ˈracetrack noun (a place with) a course over which races are run by cars, dogs, athletes etc. 比赛跑道ˈracing-car noun a car specially designed and built for racing. 赛车a race against time a desperate attempt to do something before a certain time. 抢时间完成...，和时间赛跑 the races a meeting for horse-racing. 赛马会

race²

(reis) noun1. any one section of mankind, having a particular set of characteristics which make it different from other sections. the Negro race; the white races; (also adjective) race relations.种族2. the fact of belonging to any of these various sections. the problem of race.人种3. a group of people who share the same culture, language etc; the Anglo-Saxon race. 民族racial (ˈreiʃəl) adjective of, or having to do with, race or a particular race. racial characteristics; racial discrimination/hatred.种族的ˈracialism (ˈreiʃə-) , ˈracism noun1. the belief that some races of men are better than others. 种族主义2. prejudice against someone on the grounds of his race. 种族偏见ˈracialist (ˈreiʃə-) , ˈracist noun, adjectiveracist attitudes. 种族主义者；，种族主义的 the human race mankind. 人类of mixed race having ancestors (especially parents) from two or more different human races. 混合人种的

race

→ 种族zhCN, 赛跑zhCN

I'd like to see a horse race → 我想去看赛马

race

race,

one of the group of populations regarded as constituting humanity. The differences that have historically determined the classification into races are predominantly physical aspects of appearance that are generally hereditary. Genetically a race may be defined as a group with gene frequencies differing from those of the other groups in the human species (see heredityheredity,
transmission from generation to generation through the process of reproduction in plants and animals of factors which cause the offspring to resemble their parents. That like begets like has been a maxim since ancient times.
..... Click the link for more information. ; geneticsgenetics,
scientific study of the mechanism of heredity. While Gregor Mendel first presented his findings on the statistical laws governing the transmission of certain traits from generation to generation in 1856, it was not until the discovery and detailed study of the
..... Click the link for more information. ; genegene,
the structural unit of inheritance in living organisms. A gene is, in essence, a segment of DNA that has a particular purpose, i.e., that codes for (contains the chemical information necessary for the creation of) a specific enzyme or other protein.
..... Click the link for more information. ), but the genes responsible for the hereditary differences between the traditional races are extremely few when compared with the vast number of genes common to all human beings regardless of the race to which they belong. Many physical anthropologists now believe that, because there is as much genetic variation among the members of any given race as there is between the groups identified as different races, the concept of race is unscientific and unsound and racial categories are arbitrary designations. The term race is inappropriate when applied to national, religious, geographic, linguistic, or ethnic groups, nor can the physical appearances associated with race be equated with mental characteristics, such as intelligence, personality, or character.

All human groups belong to the same species (Homo sapiens) and are mutually fertile. Races arose as a result of mutationmutation,
in biology, a sudden, random change in a gene, or unit of hereditary material, that can alter an inheritable characteristic. Most mutations are not beneficial, since any change in the delicate balance of an organism having a high level of adaptation to its environment
..... Click the link for more information. , selection, and adaptational changes in human populations. The nature of genetic variation in human beings indicates there has been a common evolution for all races and that racial differentiation occurred relatively late in the history of Homo sapiens. Theories postulating the very early emergence of racial differentiation have been advanced (e.g., C. S. CoonCoon, Carleton Stevens,
1904–81, American anthropologist, archaeologist, and educator, b. Wakefield, Mass., grad. Harvard 1925, Ph.D. 1928. From 1925 to 1939 he was engaged in fieldwork and anthropological research in Arabia, the Balkans, and N Africa, where he discovered
..... Click the link for more information. , The Origin of Races, 1962), but they are now scientifically discredited.

Attempts at Classification

To classify humans on the basis of physical traits is difficult, for the coexistence of races through conquests, invasions, migrations, and mass deportations has produced a heterogeneous world population. Nevertheless, by limiting the criteria to such traits as skin pigmentation, color and form of hair, shape of head, stature, and form of nose, most anthropologists historically agreed on the existence of three relatively distinct groups: the Caucasoid, the Mongoloid, and the Negroid.

The Caucasoid, found in Europe, N Africa, and the Middle East to N India, is characterized as pale reddish white to olive brown in skin color, of medium to tall stature, with a long or broad head form. The hair is light blond to dark brown in color, of a fine texture, and straight or wavy. The color of the eyes is light blue to dark brown and the nose bridge is usually high.

The Mongoloid race, including most peoples of E Asia and the indigenous peoples of the Americas, has been described as saffron to yellow or reddish brown in skin color, of medium stature, with a broad head form. The hair is dark, straight, and coarse; body hair is sparse. The eyes are black to dark brown. The epicanthic fold, imparting an almond shape to the eye, is common, and the nose bridge is usually low or medium.

The Negroid race is characterized by brown to brown-black skin, usually a long head form, varying stature, and thick, everted lips. The hair is dark and coarse, usually kinky. The eyes are dark, the nose bridge low, and the nostrils broad. To the Negroid race belong the peoples of Africa south of the Sahara, the Pygmy groups of Indonesia, and the inhabitants of New Guinea and Melanesia.

Each of these broad groups can be divided into subgroups. General agreement is lacking as to the classification of such people as the aborigines of Australia, the Dravidian people of S India, the Polynesians, and the Ainu of N Japan within the traditional three race system. These exceptions highlight the problems associated with attempting to classify humanity into races and also challenge the validity of the notion of race when applied to human beings.

Race Classification and Racism

Attempts have been made to classify humans since the 17th cent., when scholars first began to separate types of flora and fauna. Johann Friedrich BlumenbachBlumenbach, Johann Friedrich
, 1752–1840, German naturalist and anthropologist. He introduced and developed the science of comparative anatomy in Germany. His De generis humani varietate nativa (1775; tr. On the Natural Varieties of Mankind, 1865, repr.
..... Click the link for more information. was the first to divide humanity according to skin color. In the 19th and early 20th cent., people such as Joseph Arthur GobineauGobineau, Joseph Arthur, comte de
, 1816–82, French diplomat and man of letters. The chief early French proponent of the theory of Nordic supremacy, he was antidemocratic and anti-Semitic.
..... Click the link for more information. and Houston Stewart Chamberlain, mainly interested in pressing forward the supposed superiority of their own kind of culture or nationality, began to attribute cultural and psychological values to race. This approach, called racism, culminated in the vicious racial doctrines and anti-Semitismanti-Semitism
, form of prejudice against Jews, ranging from antipathy to violent hatred. Before the 19th cent., anti-Semitism was largely religious and was expressed in the later Middle Ages by sporadic persecutions and expulsions—notably the expulsion from Spain under
..... Click the link for more information. of Nazi Germany and was used to justify slaveryslavery,
historicially, an institution based on a relationship of dominance and submission, whereby one person owns another and can exact from that person labor or other services.
..... Click the link for more information. and segregation (see integrationintegration,
in U.S. history, the goal of an organized movement to break down the barriers of discrimination and segregation separating African Americans from the rest of American society.
..... Click the link for more information. ) in the United States, apartheidapartheid
[Afrik.,=apartness], system of racial segregation peculiar to the Republic of South Africa, the legal basis of which was largely repealed in 1991–92. History
..... Click the link for more information. in the Republic of South Africa, and European imperialism and colonialism generally.

Bibliography

See R. Benedict, Race: Science and Politics (rev. ed. 1943, repr. 1968); C. Lévi-Strauss, Race and History (1962); M. Mead et al., ed., Science and the Concept of Race (1968); S. M. Garn, ed., Readings on Race (2d ed. 1968) and Human Races (3d ed. 1971); J. C. King, The Biology of Race (1971); L. L. Cavalli-Sforza, The Origin and Differentiation of Human Races (1972); S. J. Gould, The Mismeasure of Man (1981); I. F. Haney Lopez, White by Law: The Legal Construction of Race (1996); A. Montagu, Man's Most Dangerous Myth: The Fallacy of Race (6th ed. 1998); G. M. Frederickson, Racism: A Short History (2002); M. Yudell, Race Unmasked: Biology and Race in the 20th Century (2014).

race

a scientifically discredited term previously used to describe biologically distinct groups of persons who were alleged to have characteristics of an unalterable nature. The concept has been used in the English language since the 16th-century Its meaning has altered several times over the last 400 years in line with changing concepts about the nature of physical and cultural differences and, more importantly the ideological uses of the concept to justify relationships of superiority and exploitation. Banton in Racial Theories (1987) provides a comprehensive account of the different uses of the concept of race.

Social scientists now recognize that ‘race’ is exclusively a socially constructed categorization which specifies rules for identification of a given group. Many writers will not use the term except in inverted commas to distance the use of the word from its historical and biological connotations. It is preferable to refer to ETHNICITY or ETHNIC GROUPS. Despite the discredited nature of the concept of’race’, the idea still exerts a powerful influence in everyday language and ideology. See also RACE RELATIONS, RACISM, ETHNICITY, ETHNIC GROUP.

Race

in biology, an ecologically or sometimes geographically related group of organisms within a species or subspecies.

The members of a race have similar morphological, physiological, and ecological characteristics and are distributed in a region that is part of the range of the species or subspecies. Various races are often found in the same locality, but they are differentiated by their living conditions (ecological race). Thus, many plant species include an alpine race, a xeromorphic race, and a race that requires shade. Among animals, there are seasonal races of crustaceans. Many races of parasites are distinguished by their functional adaptation (specialization) to certain plant or animal hosts (races based on hosts). In ichthyology the term “race” refers to local populations (schools) of fish.

Sometimes, geographic races are regarded as subspecies. The term “race” is also used with reference to breeds of domesticated animals.

What does it mean when you dream about a race?

Running a race may depict how the dreamer feels about his or her waking life (a hectic “rat race,” perhaps?), possibly indicating the dreamer should slow down or change his or her approach to life.

race

[rās] (anthropology) A distinctive human type possessing characteristic traits that are transmissible by descent. Descendants of a common ancestor. (biology) An infraspecific taxonomic group of organisms, such as subspecies or microspecies. A fixed variety or breed. (design engineering) Either of the concentric pair of steel rings of a ball bearing or roller bearing. (engineering) A channel transporting water to or away from hydraulic machinery, as in a power house. (oceanography) A rapid current, or a constricted channel in which such a current flows; the term is usually used only in connection with a tidal current, which may be called a tide race.

race

¹1. a rapid current of water, esp one through a narrow channel that has a tidal range greater at one end than the other 2. a channel of a stream, esp one for conducting water to or from a water wheel or other device for utilizing its energy 3. a. a channel or groove that contains ball bearings or roller bearings or that restrains a sliding component b. the inner or outer cylindrical ring in a ball bearing or roller bearing 4. Austral a wire tunnel through which footballers pass from the changing room onto a football field 5. another name for slipstream

race

²1. a group of people of common ancestry, distinguished from others by physical characteristics, such as hair type, colour of eyes and skin, stature, etc. Principal races are Caucasoid, Mongoloid, and Negroid 2. the human race human beings collectively 3. a group of animals or plants having common characteristics that distinguish them from other members of the same species, usually forming a geographically isolated group; subspecies

race

³ a ginger root

Race

Cape. a cape at the SE extremity of Newfoundland, Canada

RACE

(programming)Requirements Acquisition and Controlled Evolution.

RACE

(1) See race condition and RACE encoding.

(2) (Research And Development of Advanced Communications) A European program of telecommunications R&D introduced in 1987. Over the subsequent 10-year period, more than 100 projects were undertaken.

(3) (Random Access Card Equipment) An early magnetic card storage device from RCA that was used with its IBM-compatible Spectra 70 mainframes. The units read and wrote data on a deck of 4x18" cards with a magnetic recording surface. The card was released from the cartridge, passed down a raceway, wrapped around a read/write head and returned. Operating in the late 1960s, the machine jammed frequently, and an operator had to remain nearby to extricate and replace the damaged cards. See CRAM, Data Cell and racetrack memory.

Race

(dreams)Are you competing or running from or to something? In order to have a good understanding of this dream you should consider those factors. If you are simply running, it may be an indication that you need to slow down in your everyday life. If you are competing, you need to consider your competitive drive and realistically look at the current challenges. If you are running in a race and win, your unconscious may be expressing confidence that you may or may not feel in the wakened state. Running in your dreams may also symbolize the energy levels, the strength, or the force that you have to get through life.

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Attempts at Classification

Race Classification and Racism

Bibliography

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What does it mean when you dream about a race?

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Patient discussion about race

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Synonyms for race

noun contest

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noun contest

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verb compete against

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verb compete

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verb run

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verb soar

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verb pump

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noun people

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Synonyms for race

noun a vying with others for victory or supremacy

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verb to move swiftly

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noun any competition

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noun a contest of speed

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noun people who are believed to belong to the same genetic stock

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noun (biology) a taxonomic group that is a division of a species

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noun the flow of air that is driven backwards by an aircraft propeller

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noun a canal for a current of water

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