| 释义 |
Seconal
seconal (ˈsɛkənəl) n (Pharmacology) pharmacol the trade name for secobarbitalThesaurus| Noun | 1. | Seconal - barbiturate that is a white odorless slightly bitter powder (trade name Seconal) used as a sodium salt for sedation and to treat convulsionsred devil, secobarbital, secobarbital sodiumbarbiturate - organic compound having powerful soporific effect; overdose can be fatalbrand, brand name, marque, trade name - a name given to a product or service |
Seconal
Seconal[′sek·ən‚ȯl] (pharmacology) secobarbital Seconal
Seconal [sek´ŏ-nal] trademark for preparations of secobarbital sodium, a sedative and hypnotic.secobarbital (see-koe-bar-bi-tal) secobarbital, Novosecobarb (trade name), Seconal (trade name) Classification Therapeutic: sedative hypnotics
Pharmacologic: barbiturates
Pregnancy Category: D
IndicationsShort-term treatment of insomnia.Adjunctive agent for anesthesia.ActionProduces CNS depression through GABA-like effects.Therapeutic effectsInduction of sleep, sedation, or anesthesia.PharmacokineticsAbsorption: Well absorbed following oral administration.Distribution: Widely distributed; highest concentration in brain and liver. Crosses the placenta; small amounts enter breast milk.Metabolism and Excretion: Metabolized by the liver.Protein Binding: 55%.Half-life: 30 hr.Time/action profile (hypnotic effect)| ROUTE | ONSET | PEAK | DURATION |
|---|
| PO | 10–15 min | 2–4 hr | 6–8 hr |
Contraindications/PrecautionsContraindicated in: Hypersensitivity; Pre-existing CNS depression; Uncontrolled severe pain; Porphyria; Obstetric / Lactation: Pregnancy or lactation.Use Cautiously in: Hepatic or renal impairment; Geriatric: Appears on Beers list. At ↑ risk for side effects (dose ↓ recommended); Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Prolonged use (may lead to physical & psychological dependence).Adverse Reactions/Side EffectsCentral nervous system- abnormal thinking
- behavior changes
- delirium
- excess sedation (most frequent)
- excitation
- hallucinations
- mental depression (most frequent)
- vertigo (most frequent)
- sleep disorders
- sleep driving
RespiratoryGastrointestinalDermatologic- photosensitivity
- rashs
- urticaria
MusculoskeletalNeurologicMiscellaneous- physical dependence
- psychological dependence
InteractionsDrug-Drug interactionAdditive CNS depression with alcohol, antihistamines, antidepressants, opioid analgesics, and other sedative/hypnotics.Valproates may ↓ metabolism and ↑ CNS depression.↑ metabolism and ↓ effects of hormonal contraceptives, chloramphenicol, cyclosporine, corticosteroids, dacarbazine, levothyroxine, and quinidine.St. John's wort may ↓ levels and effect.Concomitant use of kava, valerian,, chamomile, or hops can ↑ CNS depression.Route/DosageOral (Adults) Preoperative sedation—200–300 mg 1–2 hr before surgery; bedtime hypnotic—100 mg.Oral (Children) Preoperative sedation—2–6 mg/kg (not to exceed 100 mg).AvailabilityCapsules: 100 mg Nursing implicationsNursing assessment- Assess sleep patterns prior to and periodically during therapy. Hypnotic doses of secobarbital suppress REM sleep. Patient may experience an increase in dreaming upon discontinuation of medication.
- Prolonged therapy may lead to psychological or physical dependence.
- Assess postoperative patients for pain. Secobarbital may increase responsiveness to painful stimuli.
Potential Nursing Diagnoses (Indications)
Risk for injury (Side Effects)
Deficient knowledge, related to medication regimen (Patient/Family Teaching)
Implementation- Supervise ambulation and transfer of patients following administration. Remove cigarettes. Side rails should be raised and call bell within reach at all times.
Patient/Family Teaching- Discuss the importance of preparing environment for sleep (dark room, quiet, avoidance of nicotine and caffeine).
- May cause daytime drowsiness. Caution patient to avoid driving and other activities requiring alertness for at least 24 hr after administration and until response to medication is known.
- Caution patient to avoid taking alcohol or other CNS depressants concurrently with this medication.
- Advise female patients to use a nonhormonal method of contraception during therapy and until next menstrual period. Instruct patient to contact health care professional immediately if pregnancy is planned or suspected, or if breastfeeding.
Evaluation/Desired Outcomes- Improvement in sleep pattern without excessive daytime sedation. Therapy is usually limited to a 2-wk period.
- Sedation.
Seconal (sĕk′ə-nôl′, -năl′, -nəl) A trademark for the drug secobarbital.Seconal
Related to Seconal: Seconal sodiumSynonyms for Seconalnoun barbiturate that is a white odorless slightly bitter powder (trade name Seconal) used as a sodium salt for sedation and to treat convulsionsSynonyms- red devil
- secobarbital
- secobarbital sodium
Related Words- barbiturate
- brand
- brand name
- marque
- trade name
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