second generation computer

(architecture)A computer built from transistors, designedbetween the mid-1950s and mid-1960s.

Ferrite core memory and magnetic drums replaced cathode ray tubes and delay-line storage for main memory. Index registers and floating point arithmetic hardware becamewidespread. Machine-independent high level programming languages such as ALGOL, COBOL and Fortran wereintroduced to simplify programming.

I/O processors were introduced to supervise input-outputoperations independently of the CPU thus freeing the CPUfrom time-consuming housekeeping functions. The CPU wouldsend the I/O processor an initial instruction to startoperating and the I/O processor would then continueindependently of the CPU. When completed, or in the event ofan error, the I/O processor sent an interrupt to the CPU.

Batch processing became feasible with the improvement in I/Oand storage technology in that a batch of jobs could beprepared in advance, stored on magnetic tape and processed onthe computer in one continuous operation placing the resultson another magnetic tape. It became commonplace forauxiliary, small computers to be used to process the input andoutput tapes off-line thus leaving the main computer free toprocess user programs. Computer manufacturers began toprovide system software such as compilers, subroutinelibraries and batch monitors.

With the advent of second generation computers it becamenecessary to talk about computer systems, since the number ofmemory units, processors, I/O devices, and other systemcomponents could vary between different installations, eventhough the same basic computer was used.

The instruction repertoire of the IBM 7094 (a typical secondgeneration machine) had over 200 instructions including datatransfer instructions for transferring a word of informationbetween the CPU and memory or between two CPU registers;fixed-point and floating point arithmetic instructions;logic instructions (AND, OR etc.); instructions formodifying index registers; conditional and unconditionalbranching; subroutines; input-output operations fortransferring data between I/O devices and main memory.

单词	second generation computer
释义	second generation computer second generation computer (architecture)A computer built from transistors, designedbetween the mid-1950s and mid-1960s. Ferrite core memory and magnetic drums replaced cathode ray tubes and delay-line storage for main memory. Index registers and floating point arithmetic hardware becamewidespread. Machine-independent high level programming languages such as ALGOL, COBOL and Fortran wereintroduced to simplify programming. I/O processors were introduced to supervise input-outputoperations independently of the CPU thus freeing the CPUfrom time-consuming housekeeping functions. The CPU wouldsend the I/O processor an initial instruction to startoperating and the I/O processor would then continueindependently of the CPU. When completed, or in the event ofan error, the I/O processor sent an interrupt to the CPU. Batch processing became feasible with the improvement in I/Oand storage technology in that a batch of jobs could beprepared in advance, stored on magnetic tape and processed onthe computer in one continuous operation placing the resultson another magnetic tape. It became commonplace forauxiliary, small computers to be used to process the input andoutput tapes off-line thus leaving the main computer free toprocess user programs. Computer manufacturers began toprovide system software such as compilers, subroutinelibraries and batch monitors. With the advent of second generation computers it becamenecessary to talk about computer systems, since the number ofmemory units, processors, I/O devices, and other systemcomponents could vary between different installations, eventhough the same basic computer was used. The instruction repertoire of the IBM 7094 (a typical secondgeneration machine) had over 200 instructions including datatransfer instructions for transferring a word of informationbetween the CPU and memory or between two CPU registers;fixed-point and floating point arithmetic instructions;logic instructions (AND, OR etc.); instructions formodifying index registers; conditional and unconditionalbranching; subroutines; input-output operations fortransferring data between I/O devices and main memory.
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