palonosetron hydrochloride

Aloxi

Pharmacologic class: Selective serotonin subtype 3 (5-HT₃) receptor antagonist

Therapeutic class: Antiemetic

Pregnancy risk category B

Action

Selectively binds to and antagonizes 5-HT₃ receptors on vagal nerve terminals and in chemoreceptor trigger zone. This action blocks serotonin release, reducing the vomiting reflex.

Availability

Solution for injection: 0.25 mg (free base) in 5-ml single-use vial

Indications and dosages

➣ To prevent nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy

Adults: 0.25 mg I.V. as a single dose 30 minutes before chemotherapy. Repeated doses within 7 days aren't recommended.

➣ To prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting

Adults: 0.075 mg I.V. as a single dose given over 10 seconds immediately before anesthesia induction

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to drug or its components

Precautions

Use cautiously in:

• hypersensitivity to other 5-HT₃ receptor antagonists

• diabetes mellitus, hepatic dysfunction

• pregnant or breastfeeding patients

• children.

Administration

• Flush I.V. line with normal saline solution before and after giving.

• Deliver into I.V. line over 30 seconds. Don't mix with other drugs.

Adverse reactions

CNS: headache, fatigue, insomnia, dizziness, anxiety

CV: hypotension, vein discoloration and distention, nonsustained tachycardia, bradycardia

GI: constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, anorexia

GU: glycosuria

Metabolic: fluctuating electrolyte levels, hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia

Musculoskeletal: joint pain

Other: fever, flulike symptoms

Interactions

Drug-diagnostic tests: Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, blood and urine glucose, potassium: increased levels

Patient monitoring

• Monitor vital signs and ECG. Watch closely for tachycardia, bradycardia, and hypotension.

• Watch electrolyte levels for fluctuations (especially hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis).

• Evaluate temperature. Stay alert for flulike symptoms.

• Closely monitor blood and urine glucose levels in diabetic patients. Stay alert for hyperglycemia.

Patient teaching

• Explain that drug helps prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy.

• Teach patient to recognize and report signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis.

• Advise patient to report flulike symptoms.

• Instruct diabetic patient to closely watch blood and urine glucose levels.

• As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the tests mentioned above.

单词	palonosetron hydrochloride
释义	palonosetron hydrochloride palonosetron hydrochloride Aloxi *Pharmacologic class:* Selective serotonin subtype 3 (5-HT₃) receptor antagonist *Therapeutic class:* Antiemetic *Pregnancy risk category B* Action Selectively binds to and antagonizes 5-HT₃ receptors on vagal nerve terminals and in chemoreceptor trigger zone. This action blocks serotonin release, reducing the vomiting reflex. Availability Solution for injection: 0.25 mg (free base) in 5-ml single-use vial Indications and dosages ➣ To prevent nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy Adults: 0.25 mg I.V. as a single dose 30 minutes before chemotherapy. Repeated doses within 7 days aren't recommended. ➣ To prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting Adults: 0.075 mg I.V. as a single dose given over 10 seconds immediately before anesthesia induction Contraindications • Hypersensitivity to drug or its components Precautions Use cautiously in: • hypersensitivity to other 5-HT₃ receptor antagonists • diabetes mellitus, hepatic dysfunction • pregnant or breastfeeding patients • children. Administration • Flush I.V. line with normal saline solution before and after giving. • Deliver into I.V. line over 30 seconds. Don't mix with other drugs. Adverse reactions CNS: headache, fatigue, insomnia, dizziness, anxiety CV: hypotension, vein discoloration and distention, nonsustained tachycardia, bradycardia GI: constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, anorexia GU: glycosuria Metabolic: fluctuating electrolyte levels, hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia Musculoskeletal: joint pain Other: fever, flulike symptoms Interactions Drug-diagnostic tests: Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, blood and urine glucose, potassium: increased levels Patient monitoring • Monitor vital signs and ECG. Watch closely for tachycardia, bradycardia, and hypotension. • Watch electrolyte levels for fluctuations (especially hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis). • Evaluate temperature. Stay alert for flulike symptoms. • Closely monitor blood and urine glucose levels in diabetic patients. Stay alert for hyperglycemia. Patient teaching • Explain that drug helps prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy. • Teach patient to recognize and report signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis. • Advise patient to report flulike symptoms. • Instruct diabetic patient to closely watch blood and urine glucose levels. • As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the tests mentioned above.
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