| 释义 |
robot
ro·bot R0272700 (rō′bŏt′, -bət)n.1. A mechanical device that sometimes resembles a human and is capable of performing a variety of often complex human tasks on command or by being programmed in advance.2. A machine or device that operates automatically or by remote control.3. A person who works mechanically without original thought, especially one who responds automatically to the commands of others.4. A form of urban dance involving a succession of separate movements executed with precision in imitation of a robot.
[Czech, from robota, drudgery; see orbh- in Indo-European roots.]
ro·bot′ic adj.Word History: Robot has been in English since 1923, when Karel Čapek's 1921 play R.U.R. was translated into English from Czech and presented in London and New York. The play's title, R.U.R., is an abbreviation of Rossum's Universal Robots, the name of a corporation in the play that makes robots to serve as slave labor for humanity. However, Čapek's robots—the original robots—are quite different from the standard-issue robots of later 20th-century science fiction, such as C3PO and R2D2 of Star Wars, that seem to be assembled from metal, silicon, and other non-biological materials. Čapek's robots are assembled out of something like flesh and blood, made according to a secret formula. Their flesh is mixed like dough in mixing machines and their nerves and veins are spun out on spinners. Eventually, during the course of the play, the robots grow tired of their subservient position and stage a rebellion that places the very future of humanity in peril. The robots take over the world, but it becomes clear that they also feel emotions like love and are worthy successors to humanity. Robot and robotka, the words Čapek uses in Czech for the male and female versions of these sentient biological automatons, are derived from the Czech word robota, "servitude, forced labor."robot (ˈrəʊbɒt) n1. (General Engineering) any automated machine programmed to perform specific mechanical functions in the manner of a human2. (General Engineering) (modifier) not controlled by man; automatic: a robot pilot. 3. a person who works or behaves like a machine; automaton4. South African a set of traffic lights[C20: (used in R.U.R., a play by Karel Čapek) from Czech robota work; related to Old Slavonic rabota servitude, German Arbeit work] roˈbotic adj ˈrobotism, ˈrobotry n ˈrobot-ˌlike adjro•bot (ˈroʊ bət, -bɒt)
n. 1. a machine that resembles a human and does mechanical, routine tasks on command. 2. a person who acts and responds in a mechanical, routine manner; automaton. 3. any machine or mechanical device that operates automatically with humanlike skill. [< Czech, coined by Karel Čapek in the play R.U.R. (1920) from the base robot-, as in robota compulsory labor, robotník peasant owing such labor] ro•bot′ic,
adj. ro·bot (rō′bŏt′) A machine that can perform a variety of tasks either on command or by being programmed in advance.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  robot - a mechanism that can move automaticallyautomaton, golemandroid, humanoid, mechanical man - an automaton that resembles a human beingmechanism - device consisting of a piece of machinery; has moving parts that perform some function |
robotnoun machine, automaton, android, bot (informal), mechanical man a working robot assistant for surgeonsQuotations
"The three fundamental Rules of Robotics... One, a robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm... Two... a robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First law... Three, a robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws" [Isaac Asimov I, Robot]Translationsrobot (ˈrəubot) noun a machine which behaves, works, and often looks like a human being. 機器人 机器人
robot
robot or automaton (ôtäm`ətän') mechanical device designed to perform the work generally done by a human being. The Czech dramatist Karel ČapekČapek, Karel
1890–1938, Czech playwright, novelist, and essayist. He is best known as the author of two brilliant satirical plays—R. U. R. (Rossum's Universal Robots, 1921, tr.
..... Click the link for more information. popularized the expression [Czech,=compulsory labor] in his play R. U. R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), produced in Prague in 1921. Modern roboticsrobotics,
science and technology of general purpose, programmable machine systems. Contrary to the popular fiction image of robots as ambulatory machines of human appearance capable of performing almost any task, most robotic systems are anchored to fixed positions in factories
..... Click the link for more information. has produced innumerable devices that replace human personnel, and the term robot is used to designate much of this machinery. Although most so-called robots use software to operate independently of direct human control, the term is also used for vehicles and other machines that are remotely controlled by a human operator. The word also is used frequently in fiction, referring to a self-controlling machine shaped like a human being. While the concept has been the subject of stories since the golemgolem
[Heb.,=an undeveloped lump], in medieval Jewish legend, an automatonlike servant made of clay and given life by means of a charm, or shem [Heb.,=name, or the name of God]. Golems were attributed in Jewish legend to several rabbis in different European countries.
..... Click the link for more information. of medieval times, it reached its greatest exposure in popular culture with the work of Isaac AsimovAsimov, Isaac
, 1920–92, American author and scientist, b. Petrovichi, USSR, grad. Columbia (B.S., 1939; M.A., 1941; Ph.D., 1948). An astonishingly prolific author, he wrote over 400 books.
..... Click the link for more information. in the 1950s and the motion picture robots Robby in Forbidden Planet (1956) and C-3PO in Star Wars (1977). Bibliography See G. Wood, Edison's Eve: A Magical History of the Quest for Mechanical Life (2002). Robot a machine with anthropomorphic actions that partially or completely performs human and sometimes animal functions in interaction with the environment. The term “robot” was first introduced by K. Čapek in his play R. U. R. (1920), in which mechanical people were called robots. With the development of robot technology, three types of robots evolved: robots with a fixed program of actions, robots controlled by a human operator, and robots with artificial intelligence; those of the last type operate purposefully without human intervention. Most modern robots of all three types are robot-manipulators, although there are also other types, for example, information robots and walking robots. It is possible to combine robots of the first and second types in a single unit by dividing the robot’s functions over time. It is also possible for a man to work jointly with the third type of robot, with the man acting in a supervisory capacity. The first robots—androids that imitated the movements and had the external appearance of humans—were used primarily for entertainment. Since the 1930’s, in connection with the automation of production, automatic robots have been used in industry along with traditional means of automating production processes, particularly in small-lot production and in shops with harmful working conditions (see Figure 1).  Figure 1. Diagram of a robot-manipulator making a mechanical connection
An industrial robot-manipulator has one or several mechanical arms and a remote-control console or a built-in programmed control unit, or, more rarely, a computer. It can move objects weighing up to several tens of kilograms within the operating radius of its mechanical arms (up to 2 m) and can perform 200 to 1,000 movements an hour. Industrial robot-automatons are superior to the human being in speed and precision in performing uniform manual operations. The most common types of robots are robot-manipulators equipped with remote control and a mechanical arm mounted on a mobile or fixed base. The operator controls the movement of the arm while observing the arm either directly or on a television screen; in the latter case, the robot is equipped with a transmitting television camera. Robots are often provided with automatic learning systems. If such a robot is “shown” a sequence of operations, the control system records the sequence in the form of a control program and then exactly reproduces the sequence during work. Robot-manipulators are used for work in relatively inaccessible places or under conditions that are dangerous or harmful for human beings, for example, in nuclear industry, where they have been used since the 1950’s. The 1960’s saw the appearance of various designs of robot-manipulators, used for a variety of purposes. They include controlled deepwater devices with mechanical arms used to obtain rock samples from the ocean floor, platforms that creep along the ocean floor carrying research equipment, and underwater bulldozers and drilling rigs. In the late 1960’s there was a new trend in robot technology involving the development of decision-making robots. Such robots are equipped with sensors that receive information on the surroundings, a unit to process the information received (the artificial intelligence) consisting of a specialized computer with a set of programs, and actuating mechanisms (the motor system). The actions of decision-making robots have certain characteristics of human behavior. The sensors gather information about objects in the environment and about the properties and interactions of these objects. On the basis of these data, the artificial intelligence formulates a model of the environment and decides on the sequence of robot actions, which are carried out by the actuating mechanisms. By 1975 such decision-making robots had been tested in trial runs in industry. REFERENCESChelovecheskie sposobnosti mashin. Moscow, 1971. (Translated from English.)
Kobrinskii, A. E. Votoni—roboty. Moscow, 1972.
Teoriia i ustroistvo manipuliatorov: Sb. st. Moscow, 1973.
Integral’nye roboty. Moscow, 1973. (Translated from English.)
Popov, E. P. Roboty-manipuliatory. Moscow, 1974.L. N. STOLIAROV robot[′rō‚bät] (control systems) A mechanical device that can be programmed to perform a variety of tasks of manipulation and locomotion under automatic control. robot1. any automated machine programmed to perform specific mechanical functions in the manner of a man 2. not controlled by man; automatic robot (robotics)A mechanical device for performing a task whichmight otherwise be done by a human, e.g. spraying paint oncars.
See also cybernetics.robot (chat)An IRC or MUD user who is actually a program.On IRC, typically the robot provides some useful service.Examples are NickServ, which tries to prevent random usersfrom adopting nicks already claimed by others, and MsgServ,which allows one to send asynchronous messages to bedelivered when the recipient signs on. Also common are"annoybots", such as KissServ, which perform no usefulfunction except to send cute messages to other people.Service robots are less common on MUDs; but some others,such as the "Julia" robot active in 1990--91, have beenremarkably impressive Turing test experiments, able to passas human for as long as ten or fifteen minutes ofconversation.robot (World-Wide Web)spider.robotA stand-alone hybrid computer system that performs physical and computational activities. Capable of performing many tasks, a robot is a multiple-motion device with one or more arms and joints. Robots can be similar in form to a human, but industrial robots do not resemble people at all.
The term is attributed to Czech dramatist Karel Capek in his 1921 play titled "R.U.R. - Rossum's Universal Robots." Capek applied the Czech word "robota," which means "forced labor" or "servitude" to the mechanized people in the skit. Three years later, robots appeared in Fritz Lang's classic silent movie "Metropolis," and they have been with us ever since.
A Wide Variety of Applications
In manufacturing, robots are used for welding, riveting, scraping and painting. They are also deployed for demolition, fire and bomb fighting, nuclear site inspection, industrial cleaning, laboratory use, medical surgery (see telepresence surgery), agriculture, forestry, office mail delivery as well as many other tasks. Increasingly, more artificial intelligence is being added. For example, some robots can identify objects in a pile, select the objects in the appropriate sequence and assemble them into a unit (see AI).
Analog and Digital
Robots use analog sensors for recognizing real-world objects and digital computers for direction. Analog to digital converters convert temperature, motion, pressure, sound and images into binary code for the robot's computer, which directs the actions of the arms and joints by pulsing their motors. See AIBO.
 | | Shakey the Robot |
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| Developed in 1969 by the Stanford Research Institute, Shakey was the first fully mobile robot with artificial intelligence. Shakey is seven feet tall and was named after its rather unstable movements. (Image courtesy of The Computer History Museum, www.computerhistory.org.) |
 | | Huey, Dewey and Louie |
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| At the turn of the century, these robots were applying sealant to cars at Ford's Wayne, Michigan plant. Named after Donald Duck's nephews, Huey (top) sealed the drip rails while Dewey (right) sealed the interior weld seams. Louie is outside the view of this photo. (Image courtesy of Ford Motor Company.) |
 | | Inspect Pipes from the Inside |
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| Developed years ago by SRI for Osaka Gas in Japan, this Magnetically Attached General Purpose Inspection Engine (MAGPIE) traveled inside gas pipes to look for leaks. MAGPIE served as the prototype for multicar models that perform temporary repairs. (Image courtesy of SRI International.) |
 | | Computers Making Computers |
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| Robots, whose brains are nothing but chips, are making chips in this TI fabrication plant. (Image courtesy of Texas Instruments, Inc.) |
 | | Sophia - A More Realistic Android |
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| Hanson Robotics designed Sophia to look like British actress Audrey Hepburn. Debutting in 2015, her flesh-rubber skin is very realistic, and her answers to questions (using the cloud) are very clever. On the Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon in 2017, she played rock paper scissors and won. (Image courtesy of Hanson Robotics, www.hansonrobotics.com) |
 | | How Small Can They Get? |
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| By 2020, Rutgers University scientists believe that nano-sized robots injected into the bloodstream will administer drugs directly to infected cells. This carbon nanotube body uses a biomolecular motor for propulsion and peptide limbs for orientation. (Image courtesy of the Rutgers Bio-Nano Robotics team: Constantinos Mavroidis, Martin L. Yarmush, Atul Dubey, Angela Thornton, Kevin Nikitczuk, Silvina Tomassone, Fotios Papadimitrakopoulos and Bernie Yurke.) |
robot
ro·bot (rō′bŏt′)n.1. A mechanical device that sometimes resembles a human and is capable of performing a variety of often complex human tasks on command or by being programmed in advance.2. A machine or device that operates automatically or by remote control.3. A person who works mechanically without original thought, especially one who responds automatically to the commands of others.LegalSeeAIrobot
robot a form of programmable automatic machine that performs repetitive PRODUCTION tasks in place of human operatives on a PRODUCTION LINE. Robots can be used for tasks such as welding or spray painting, which can be unhealthy for human operatives to perform, and assembly tasks, which can be performed more rapidly and consistently than by human workers. The use of robots can therefore improve the PRODUCTIVITY of production operations and the QUALITY of products.See BOT
ROBOT
| Acronym | Definition |
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| ROBOT➣Relief of Boredom of Teenagers (youth program; UK) | | ROBOT➣Residents Official Board of Technology (Humboldt State) |
robot
Synonyms for robotnoun machineSynonyms- machine
- automaton
- android
- bot
- mechanical man
Synonyms for robotnoun a mechanism that can move automaticallySynonymsRelated Words- android
- humanoid
- mechanical man
- mechanism
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