| 单词 | umar | ||||
| 释义 | UmarUmar(ˈuːmɑː)UmarUmar(o͞omär`) orOmar(ō`mär), c.581–644, 2d caliph (see caliphatecaliphate, the rulership of Islam; caliph , the spiritual head and temporal ruler of the Islamic state. In principle, Islam is theocratic: when Muhammad died, a caliph [Arab.,=successor] was chosen to rule in his place. ..... Click the link for more information. ). At first hostile to Islam, he was converted by 618, becoming an adviser to Muhammad. He succeeded Abu BakrAbu Bakr , 573–634, 1st caliph, friend, father-in-law, and successor of Muhammad. He was probably Muhammad's first convert outside the Prophet's family and alone accompanied Muhammad on the Hegira. ..... Click the link for more information. as caliph without opposition in 634. In his reign Islam became an imperial power. The Muslim generals pushed conquests far and wide—into Syria, Egypt, and the Persian Empire. Umar also laid the administrative base of the empire, creating the office of kadi and establishing fixed taxes. He reopened the canals of Mesopotamia and the waterway from the Nile to the Red Sea. Umar was assassinated by a foreign slave. He had appointed a group to select his successor, and the choice fell on UthmanUthman or Othman , c.574–656, 3d caliph (644–56), also known as Uthman ibn al-Affan; son-in-law of Muhammad. He belonged to the great Umayyad family and was selected as caliph after the murder of Umar. ..... Click the link for more information. . Omar, UmarUMAR
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