Pandzhara

in Middle Asia and the Middle East, patterned window gratings made either of carved or cast ganch (a material obtained by heating rock containing gypsum and clay) or of wood. Local craftsmen produced remarkable pandzhara, with very subtle, usually geometric, patterns. Open-worked panels, often with colored glass, are also common in Azerbaijan (where they are known as shebeke), in Arab countries (where they are called musharabiia), and in India.