subclinical hyperthyroidism

A low serum TSH concentration in an asymptomatic person with normal serum thyroid hormone concentrations; SH is more common in older–> age 60 Pts, and detected by measuring TSH Etiology Solitary thyroid adenoma, multinodular goiter, subclinical Graves' disease Clinical A Fib, atrial premature contractions, ↑ pulse rate, ↑ left ventricular mass and contractility, osteoporosis Management Treatment may be unnecessary

hyperthyroidism

(hi?per-thi'royd-izm) [? + thyreos, shield, + eidos, form, shape, + -ismos, state of] A disease caused by excessive levels of thyroid hormone in the body.

Etiology

The condition may result from various disorders such as nodular goiter and toxic adenomas, hyperemesis gravidarum, excessive thyroid hormone replacement, excessive iodine ingestion, or pituitary adenoma; however, the most common cause is Graves' disease. Synonym: thyrotoxicosis See: Graves' disease

Symptoms

In general, the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism are divided into two categories—those secondary to excessive stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system and those due to excessive levels of circulating thyroxine (T₄). The symptoms caused by sympathetic (adrenergic) stimulation include tachycardia, tremor, increased systolic blood pressure, hyperreflexia, eyelid lag (lagophthalmos), staring, palpitations, depression, nervousness, and anxiety. Symptoms caused by increased circulating thyroxine include increased metabolism, hyperphagia, weight loss, and some psychological disturbances. In elderly persons, symptoms of hyperthyroidism are often blunted. See: apathetic hyperthyroidism

Treatment

Definitive therapies include surgical removal of the thyroid gland, radioactive iodine ablation of the gland, or antithyroid drugs. The choice of treatment is individualized for each patient, depending on the size of the goiter, the cause, patient’s age, and parity.

Patient care

Vital signs, fluid balance, and weight are monitored, and activity patterns are documented. Serum electrolyte levels are monitored, blood glucose levels are checked for evidence of hyperglycemia and urine for glycosuria, and the ECG is evaluated for arrhythmias and ST-segment changes. The patient is assessed for classic signs and symptoms (as above) and for indications of thyrotoxic crisis or heart failure. The patient's knowledge of the disorder is determined, misconceptions are corrected, and information on the condition, related problems, and symptom management is provided. Medical treatments, including radioactive iodine, are administered and evaluated for desired response and adverse reactions, and the patient is instructed about these treatments (esp. regarding ¹³¹I precautions). If the patient has exophthalmos, isotonic eyedrops are instilled to moisten the conjunctivae, and sunglasses or eye patches are recommended to protect the eyes from light. A high-caloric, high-vitamin, high-mineral diet, including between-meal snacks and avoidance of caffeinated beverages, is encouraged. Frequency and characteristics of the patient's stools are checked, and related skin care is provided as needed. The patient should minimize physical and emotional stress, balance rest and activity periods, and wear loose-fitting cotton clothing. A cool, dim, quiet environment also is recommended. The patient is prepared physically and emotionally for surgery if needed. Both patient and family are reassured that mood swings and nervousness will subside with treatment. The patient is encouraged to verbalize feelings about changes in body image. Assistance is provided to help the patient to identify and develop positive coping strategies. Emotional support is offered, and referral for further counseling is arranged as necessary. Life-long thyroid hormone replacement therapy will be necessary after surgical removal or radioactive iodine ablation treatment. The patient should wear or carry a medical identification device describing the condition and treatment and carry medication with him or her at all times.

apathetic hyperthyroidism

Overactivity of the thyroid gland, presenting as heart failure, arrhythmias (such as atrial fibrillation), weight loss, or psychological withdrawal. This is more often a presentation of hyperthyroidism in older than in younger patients. Diagnosis is usually easier in the latter group because they present with the classic symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Synonym: subclinical h

subclinical hyperthyroidism

Apathetic hyperthyroidism.

单词	subclinical hyperthyroidism
释义	DictionarySeehyperthyroidism subclinical hyperthyroidism subclinical hyperthyroidism A low serum TSH concentration in an asymptomatic person with normal serum thyroid hormone concentrations; SH is more common in older–> age 60 Pts, and detected by measuring TSH Etiology Solitary thyroid adenoma, multinodular goiter, subclinical Graves' disease Clinical A Fib, atrial premature contractions, ↑ pulse rate, ↑ left ventricular mass and contractility, osteoporosis Management Treatment may be unnecessary hyperthyroidism (hi?per-thi'royd-izm) [? + thyreos, shield, + eidos, form, shape, + -ismos, state of] A disease caused by excessive levels of thyroid hormone in the body. Etiology The condition may result from various disorders such as nodular goiter and toxic adenomas, hyperemesis gravidarum, excessive thyroid hormone replacement, excessive iodine ingestion, or pituitary adenoma; however, the most common cause is Graves' disease. Synonym: thyrotoxicosis See: Graves' disease Symptoms In general, the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism are divided into two categories—those secondary to excessive stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system and those due to excessive levels of circulating thyroxine (T₄). The symptoms caused by sympathetic (adrenergic) stimulation include tachycardia, tremor, increased systolic blood pressure, hyperreflexia, eyelid lag (lagophthalmos), staring, palpitations, depression, nervousness, and anxiety. Symptoms caused by increased circulating thyroxine include increased metabolism, hyperphagia, weight loss, and some psychological disturbances. In elderly persons, symptoms of hyperthyroidism are often blunted. See: apathetic hyperthyroidism Treatment Definitive therapies include surgical removal of the thyroid gland, radioactive iodine ablation of the gland, or antithyroid drugs. The choice of treatment is individualized for each patient, depending on the size of the goiter, the cause, patient’s age, and parity. Patient care Vital signs, fluid balance, and weight are monitored, and activity patterns are documented. Serum electrolyte levels are monitored, blood glucose levels are checked for evidence of hyperglycemia and urine for glycosuria, and the ECG is evaluated for arrhythmias and ST-segment changes. The patient is assessed for classic signs and symptoms (as above) and for indications of thyrotoxic crisis or heart failure. The patient's knowledge of the disorder is determined, misconceptions are corrected, and information on the condition, related problems, and symptom management is provided. Medical treatments, including radioactive iodine, are administered and evaluated for desired response and adverse reactions, and the patient is instructed about these treatments (esp. regarding ¹³¹I precautions). If the patient has exophthalmos, isotonic eyedrops are instilled to moisten the conjunctivae, and sunglasses or eye patches are recommended to protect the eyes from light. A high-caloric, high-vitamin, high-mineral diet, including between-meal snacks and avoidance of caffeinated beverages, is encouraged. Frequency and characteristics of the patient's stools are checked, and related skin care is provided as needed. The patient should minimize physical and emotional stress, balance rest and activity periods, and wear loose-fitting cotton clothing. A cool, dim, quiet environment also is recommended. The patient is prepared physically and emotionally for surgery if needed. Both patient and family are reassured that mood swings and nervousness will subside with treatment. The patient is encouraged to verbalize feelings about changes in body image. Assistance is provided to help the patient to identify and develop positive coping strategies. Emotional support is offered, and referral for further counseling is arranged as necessary. Life-long thyroid hormone replacement therapy will be necessary after surgical removal or radioactive iodine ablation treatment. The patient should wear or carry a medical identification device describing the condition and treatment and carry medication with him or her at all times. apathetic hyperthyroidism Overactivity of the thyroid gland, presenting as heart failure, arrhythmias (such as atrial fibrillation), weight loss, or psychological withdrawal. This is more often a presentation of hyperthyroidism in older than in younger patients. Diagnosis is usually easier in the latter group because they present with the classic symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Synonym: subclinical h subclinical hyperthyroidism Apathetic hyperthyroidism.
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