| 释义 |
postulate
pos·tu·late P0475100 (pŏs′chə-lāt′)tr.v. pos·tu·lat·ed, pos·tu·lat·ing, pos·tu·lates 1. To assume or assert the truth, reality, or necessity of, especially as a basis of an argument: "We can see individuals, but we can't see providence; we have to postulate it" (Aldous Huxley).2. To propose as a hypothesis or explanation: Researchers now postulate that the disease is caused by a virus.3. To assume as a premise or axiom; take for granted.4. Archaic To make claim for; demand.n. (pŏs′chə-lĭt, -lāt′)1. Something assumed without proof as being self-evident or generally accepted, especially when used as a basis for an argument: "the postulate that there is little moral difference between the superpowers" (Henry A. Kissinger).2. A fundamental element; a basic principle.3. Mathematics An axiom.4. Archaic A requirement; a prerequisite.
[Medieval Latin postulāre, postulāt-, to nominate to a bishopric, to assume, from Latin, to request; see prek- in Indo-European roots.]
pos′tu·la′tion n.postulate vb (tr; may take a clause as object) 1. to assume to be true or existent; take for granted2. to ask, demand, or claim3. to nominate (a person) to a post or office subject to approval by a higher authority n 4. something taken as self-evident or assumed as the basis of an argument 5. a necessary condition or prerequisite 6. a fundamental principle 7. (Mathematics) logic maths an unproved and indemonstrable statement that should be taken for granted: used as an initial premise or underlying hypothesis in a process of reasoning [C16: from Latin postulāre to ask for, require; related to pōscere to request] ˌpostuˈlation npos•tu•late (v. ˈpɒs tʃəˌleɪt; n. -lɪt, -ˌleɪt)
v. -lat•ed, -lat•ing,
n. v.t. 1. to claim or assume the existence or truth of, esp. as a basis for reasoning or arguing. 2. to ask, demand, or claim. 3. to assume without proof, or as self-evident; take for granted. 4. Math., Logic. to assume as a postulate. n. 5. something taken as self-evident or assumed without proof as a basis for reasoning. 6. Math., Logic. a proposition that requires no proof, being self-evident, or that is for a specific purpose assumed true, and that is used in the proof of other propositions; axiom. 7. a fundamental principle. 8. a necessary condition; prerequisite. [1525–35; < Latin postulātum petition, thing requested, n. use of neuter past participle of postulāre to request, demand, akin to pōscere to request] pos`tu•la′tion, n. pos·tu·late (pŏs′chə-lĭt) A principle that is accepted as true without proof; an axiom.postulate
Past participle: postulated
Gerund: postulating
| Imperative |
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| postulate | | postulate |
| Present |
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| I postulate | | you postulate | | he/she/it postulates | | we postulate | | you postulate | | they postulate |
| Preterite |
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| I postulated | | you postulated | | he/she/it postulated | | we postulated | | you postulated | | they postulated |
| Present Continuous |
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| I am postulating | | you are postulating | | he/she/it is postulating | | we are postulating | | you are postulating | | they are postulating |
| Present Perfect |
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| I have postulated | | you have postulated | | he/she/it has postulated | | we have postulated | | you have postulated | | they have postulated |
| Past Continuous |
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| I was postulating | | you were postulating | | he/she/it was postulating | | we were postulating | | you were postulating | | they were postulating |
| Past Perfect |
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| I had postulated | | you had postulated | | he/she/it had postulated | | we had postulated | | you had postulated | | they had postulated |
| Future |
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| I will postulate | | you will postulate | | he/she/it will postulate | | we will postulate | | you will postulate | | they will postulate |
| Future Perfect |
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| I will have postulated | | you will have postulated | | he/she/it will have postulated | | we will have postulated | | you will have postulated | | they will have postulated |
| Future Continuous |
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| I will be postulating | | you will be postulating | | he/she/it will be postulating | | we will be postulating | | you will be postulating | | they will be postulating |
| Present Perfect Continuous |
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| I have been postulating | | you have been postulating | | he/she/it has been postulating | | we have been postulating | | you have been postulating | | they have been postulating |
| Future Perfect Continuous |
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| I will have been postulating | | you will have been postulating | | he/she/it will have been postulating | | we will have been postulating | | you will have been postulating | | they will have been postulating |
| Past Perfect Continuous |
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| I had been postulating | | you had been postulating | | he/she/it had been postulating | | we had been postulating | | you had been postulating | | they had been postulating |
| Conditional |
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| I would postulate | | you would postulate | | he/she/it would postulate | | we would postulate | | you would postulate | | they would postulate |
| Past Conditional |
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| I would have postulated | | you would have postulated | | he/she/it would have postulated | | we would have postulated | | you would have postulated | | they would have postulated |
Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | postulate - (logic) a proposition that is accepted as true in order to provide a basis for logical reasoningpositBayes' postulate - (statistics) the difficulty of applying Bayes' theorem is that the probabilities of the different causes are seldom known, in which case it may be postulated that they are all equal (sometimes known as postulating the equidistribution of ignorance)logic - the branch of philosophy that analyzes inferenceproposition - (logic) a statement that affirms or denies something and is either true or falseassumption, premise, premiss - a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn; "on the assumption that he has been injured we can infer that he will not to play" | | Verb | 1. | postulate - maintain or assert; "He contended that Communism had no future"contendclaim - assert or affirm strongly; state to be true or existing; "He claimed that he killed the burglar" | | 2. | postulate - take as a given; assume as a postulate or axiom; "He posited three basic laws of nature"positpresuppose, suppose - take for granted or as a given; suppose beforehand; "I presuppose that you have done your work"insist, assert - assert to be true; "The letter asserts a free society" | | 3. | postulate - require as useful, just, or proper; "It takes nerve to do what she did"; "success usually requires hard work"; "This job asks a lot of patience and skill"; "This position demands a lot of personal sacrifice"; "This dinner calls for a spectacular dessert"; "This intervention does not postulate a patient's consent"necessitate, need, require, call for, demand, involve, ask, takeexact, claim, take - take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs; "the accident claimed three lives"; "The hard work took its toll on her"govern - require to be in a certain grammatical case, voice, or mood; "most transitive verbs govern the accusative case in German"draw - require a specified depth for floating; "This boat draws 70 inches"cost - require to lose, suffer, or sacrifice; "This mistake cost him his job"cry for, cry out for - need badly or desperately; "This question cries out for an answer"compel - necessitate or exact; "the water shortage compels conservation" |
postulateverb (Formal) presuppose, suppose, advance, propose, assume, put forward, take for granted, predicate, theorize, posit, hypothesize Freud postulated that we all have a death instinct.postulateverbTo take for granted without proof:assume, posit, premise, presume, presuppose, suppose.Informal: reckon.nounSomething taken to be true without proof:assumption, postulation, premise, presupposition, supposition, theory, thesis.Translations
postulate
postulate: see axiomaxiom,
in mathematics and logic, general statement accepted without proof as the basis for logically deducing other statements (theorems). Examples of axioms used widely in mathematics are those related to equality (e.g.
..... Click the link for more information. .Postulate (from the Latin postulatum, “demand”), a proposition, condition, assumption, or rule that is accepted without proof because of certain reasons. Generally, however, a postulate is accepted with some substantiation, and this substantiation usually serves as an argument in favor of accepting the postulate. The nature of the acceptance may vary. A proposition is accepted as true, as in meaningful axiomatic theories, or as provable, as in formal axiomatic systems. Some instructions are adopted “for execution” as rules governing the formation of the formulas of some calculus or as rules of inference of the calculus that make it possible to derive theorems from the axioms. Some principles abstracted from the data of repeated experience are made the foundation for physical and other natural scientific theories; examples include principles of the type “laws of conservation.” Some positions, prescripts, and norms (legal, for example) are accorded, as a result of other positions, the status of laws. Some religious, philosophical and ideological dogmas are made the foundation for certain systems of belief. For all the diversity of these examples, there is something common to them all: without sparing arguments designed to convince us of the rationality, or legitimacy, of the postulates that we propose, we ultimately simply demand—hence the origin of the word “postulate”— acceptance. In such cases we say that the propositions advanced are postulated. Such a broad concept, so rich in shades of meaning, naturally has many concrete, more specialized, and therefore extremely varied realizations. The following is a list of some of the most common realizations. (1) Euclid, who gave the first known systematic axiomatic description of geometry, distinguished between postulates (αιτηματα), which assert the feasibility of certain geometrical constructions, and axioms proper, which affirm (postulate) that the results of these constructions have certain properties. Moreover, he defined axioms as propositions of a purely logical (and not geometrical) character that he accepted without proof, such as “the part is less than the whole.” The dual and not clearly drawn line of delimitation between these similar concepts persisted beyond Euclid. (2) The terms “axiom” and “postulate” were and are often used synonymously. In particular, Euclid’s well-known fifth postulate of parallel lines is called the parallelism axiom in Hilbert’s axiomatics. (3) At the same time, the term “axiom” is used by many authors to denote “purely logical” propositions accepted in a given theory without proof. (See, for example, A. Church, Vvedenie ν matematicheskuiu logiku, vol. 1, subsecs. 07 and 55, Moscow, 1960 [translated from English].) By contrast, the term “postulate” is used in reference to specific concepts of a given (usually mathematical) theory. (4) According to another tradition in mathematical logic, postulates of a formal system (calculus) include axioms written in the language proper (“subjective” language) of the system and the rules of inference formulated in the metalanguage of the given theory (and therefore belonging to its metatheory). (See, for example, S. C. Kleene, Vvedenie ν metamatematiku, subsecs. 19 and 77, Moscow, 1957 [translated from English].) (5) “Postulates” is the name given to assertions of deductive and (especially) semideductive sciences that cannot be proved, if only because the arguments and facts supporting them are exclusively experimental and inductive in character. In many such cases we speak of the assertion of the equivalency of some intuitively clear but not clearly formulated assertion or concept that is an explication (refinement) of the former and therefore formulable at a fundamentally higher level of abstraction. Examples of the first type are the fundamental principles of thermodynamics and the principle of the constancy of the speed of light and its limiting character; an example of the second type is the Church thesis in the theory of algorithms. postulate[′päs·chə·lət] (mathematics) axiom postulate Logic Maths an unproved and indemonstrable statement that should be taken for granted: used as an initial premise or underlying hypothesis in a process of reasoning postulate
postulate [pos´tu-lat] anything assumed or taken for granted.postulate of causality the postulate that every phenomenon has a cause or causes; i.e., that events do not occur at random but in accordance with physical laws so that in principle causes can be found for each effect.Koch's p's a statement of the kind of experimental evidence required to establish the causative relation of a given microorganism to a given disease. The conditions are: 1, the microorganism is present in every case of the disease; 2, it is to be cultivated in pure culture; 3, inoculation of such culture must produce the disease in susceptible animals; 4, it must be obtained from such animals, and again grown in a pure culture.pos·tu·late (pos'tyū-lāt), A proposition that is taken as self evident or assumed without proof, as a basis for further analysis.
See also: hypothesis, theory. [L. postulo, pp. -atus, to demand] pos·tu·late (pos'chū-lăt) A proposition that is taken as self-evident or assumed without proof as a basis for further analysis.
See also: hypothesis, theory[L. postulo, pp. -atus, to demand]postulate
Synonyms for postulateverb presupposeSynonyms- presuppose
- suppose
- advance
- propose
- assume
- put forward
- take for granted
- predicate
- theorize
- posit
- hypothesize
Synonyms for postulateverb to take for granted without proofSynonyms- assume
- posit
- premise
- presume
- presuppose
- suppose
- reckon
noun something taken to be true without proofSynonyms- assumption
- postulation
- premise
- presupposition
- supposition
- theory
- thesis
Synonyms for postulatenoun (logic) a proposition that is accepted as true in order to provide a basis for logical reasoningSynonymsRelated Words- Bayes' postulate
- logic
- proposition
- assumption
- premise
- premiss
verb maintain or assertSynonymsRelated Wordsverb take as a givenSynonymsRelated Words- presuppose
- suppose
- insist
- assert
verb require as useful, just, or properSynonyms- necessitate
- need
- require
- call for
- demand
- involve
- ask
- take
Related Words- exact
- claim
- take
- govern
- draw
- cost
- cry for
- cry out for
- compel
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