parallel processing
parallel processing
parallel processing
| Noun | 1. | parallel processing - simultaneous processing by two or more processing units |
| 单词 | parallel processing | |||
| 释义 | parallel processingparallel processingparallel processing
parallel processingparallel processing,the concurrent or simultaneous execution of two or more parts of a single computer programcomputer program,a series of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute; programs are also called software to distinguish them from hardware, the physical equipment used in data processing. ..... Click the link for more information. , at speeds far exceeding those of a conventional computercomputer, device capable of performing a series of arithmetic or logical operations. A computer is distinguished from a calculating machine, such as an electronic calculator, by being able to store a computer program (so that it can repeat its operations and make logical ..... Click the link for more information. . Parallel processing requires two or more interconnected processors, each of which executes a portion of the task; some supercomputer parallel-processing systems have hundreds of thousands of microprocessorsmicroprocessor, integrated circuit containing the arithmetic, logic, and control circuitry required to interpret and execute instructions from a computer program. When combined with other integrated circuits that provide storage for data and programs, often on a single ..... Click the link for more information. . The processors access data through shared memory. The efficiency of parallel processing is dependent upon the development of programming languagesprogramming language, syntax, grammar, and symbols or words used to give instructions to a computer. Development of Low-Level Languages All computers operate by following machine language programs, a long sequence of instructions called machine code that is ..... Click the link for more information. that optimize the division of the tasks among the processors. BibliographySee E. Rietman, Exploring Parallel Processing (1990); K. M. Chandy and S. Taylor, An Introduction to Parallel Programming (1992); D. I. Moldovon, Parallel Processing from Applications to Systems (1993); G. S. Almasi and A. Gottlieb, Highly Parallel Computing (1993). parallel processing[¦par·ə‚lel ′prä·sə·siŋ]parallel processing(parallel)The processors may either communicate in order to be able tocooperate in solving a problem or they may run completelyindependently, possibly under the control of another processorwhich distributes work to the others and collects results fromthem (a "processor farm"). The difficulty of cooperativeproblem solving is aptly demonstrated by the following dubiousreasoning: If it takes one man one minute to dig a post-holethen sixty men can dig it in one second. Amdahl's Law states this more formally. Processors communicate via some kind of network or bus or acombination of both. Memory may be either shared memory(all processors have equal access to all memory) or private(each processor has its own memory - "distributed memory")or a combination of both. Many different software systems have been designed forprogramming parallel computers, both at the operating systemand programming language level. These systems must providemechanisms for partitioning the overall problem into separatetasks and allocating tasks to processors. Such mechanisms mayprovide either implicit parallelism - the system (thecompiler or some other program) partitions the problem andallocates tasks to processors automatically or explicit parallelism where the programmer must annotate his program toshow how it is to be partitioned. It is also usual to providesynchronisation primitives such as semaphores and monitorsto allow processes to share resources without conflict. Load balancing attempts to keep all processors busy byallocating new tasks, or by moving existing tasks betweenprocessors, according to some algorithm. Communication between tasks may be either via shared memoryor message passing. Either may be implemented in terms ofthe other and in fact, at the lowest level, shared memory usesmessage passing since the address and data signals which flowbetween processor and memory may be considered as messages. The terms "parallel processing" and "multiprocessing" implymultiple processors working on one task whereas "concurrent processing" and "multitasking" imply a single processorsharing its time between several tasks. See also cellular automaton,symmetric multi-processing. Usenet newsgroup: news:comp.parallel. Institutions,research groups. parallel processing(1) An architecture within a single computer that performs more than one operation at the same time. See GPGPU, pipeline processing and vector processor.(2) An architecture using multiple computers. See parallel computing. parallel processing
Synonyms for parallel processing
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