a Common Slavic term for an agricultural implement similar to a primitive plow. A ralo with iron tips was used by the East Slavs in the first millennium A.D.; the plow first appeared in the ninth and tenth centuries. In certain areas, some plowing implements were called by this name until the beginning of the 20th century.

a unit of taxation for the tribute and other taxes paid by the rural population of Ancient Rus’. In the late 13th century and the early 14th, the ralo was replaced by a tax called the popluzhnoe (plow tax).