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单词 roman numerals
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Roman numerals


Roman numerals

pl n (Mathematics) the letters used by the Romans for the representation of cardinal numbers, still used occasionally today. The integers are represented by the following letters: I (= 1), V (= 5), X (= 10), L (= 50), C (= 100), D (= 500), and M (= 1000). If a numeral is followed by another numeral of lower denomination, the two are added together; if it is preceded by one of lower denomination, the smaller numeral is subtracted from the greater. Thus VI = 6 (V + I), but IV = 4 (V – I). Other examples are XC (= 90), CL (= 150), XXV (= 25), XLIV (= 44). Multiples of a thousand are indicated by a superior bar: thus, V̅ = 5000, X̅ = 10 000, X̅D̅ = 490 000, etc

Ro′man nu′merals


n.pl. the numerals in the ancient Roman system of notation, still used occasionally, as in pagination and dates on buildings. The basic symbols are I(=1), V(=5), X(=10), L(=50), C(=100), D(=500), and M(=1000). If a letter is immediately followed by one of equal or lesser value, the two values are added; if followed by one of greater value, the first is subtracted from the second; thus, XX equals 20 and IV equals 4. The year 1914 would appear as MCMXIV.
Translations
罗马数字

Roman

(ˈrəumən) adjective1. connected with Rome, especially ancient Rome. Roman coins. 古羅馬的 古罗马的2. (no capital) (of printing) in ordinary upright letters like these. 正體字 正体字 noun a person belonging to Rome, especially to ancient Rome. 古羅馬人 古罗马人Roman alphabet the alphabet in which Western European languages such as English are written. 拉丁字母 罗马字母(拉丁字母) Roman Catholic (also Catholic) (a member) of the Christian church which recognizes the Pope as its head. 羅馬天主教(徒) 罗马天主教徒Roman Catholicism (also Catholicism) the beliefs, government etc of the Roman Catholic Church. 羅馬天主教(會) 罗马天主教(会) Roman numerals I,II,III etc, as opposed to the Arabic numerals 1,2,3 etc. 羅馬數字 罗马数字

Roman Numerals


Roman Numerals

 

the numerals of the ancient Romans. The Roman numeral system makes use of special symbols for powers of the base ten; for example, I = 1, × = 10, C = 100, and M = 1,000. Symbols also exist for halves of certain decimal powers: V = 5, L = 50, and D = 500. The natural numbers are written by means of the repetition of these numerals. If a larger numeral stands before a smaller one, the additive principle applies—that is, the numbers represented by the two numerals are added together. If a smaller numeral precedes a larger one, the subtractive principle applies—the smaller number is subtracted from the larger. The subtractive principle is made use of only to avoid repeating the same numeral four times. For example, I, X, and C are placed before X, C, and M, respectively, to signify 9, 90, and 900; when I, X, and C stand before V, L, and D, respectively, the numbers symbolized are 4, 40, and 400. Some examples of the expression of numbers in this system follow: VI = 5 + 1 = 6, IV = 5 – 1 = 4 (instead of IIII), XIX = 10 + 10 – 1 = 19 (instead of XVIIII), XL = 50 – 10 = 40 (instead of XXXX), and XXXIII = 10 + 10 + 10 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 33.

The Roman numeral system is very inconvenient for arithmetic operations with multidigit numbers. It is used today only in a few special cases. For example, it is occasionally used to designate centuries (the XVth century is the 15th century), years of the Common Era (MCMLXXV is the year 1975), months in dates (the Russian expression 1.V.1975 means May 1, 1975), ordinal numbers, and derivatives whose order is low but greater than three (such as in yIV and y v).

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