| 释义 |
subordination
sub·or·di·nate S0847700 (sə-bôr′dn-ĭt)adj.1. Belonging to a lower or inferior class or rank; secondary.2. Subject to the authority or control of another.n. One that is subordinate.tr.v. (sə-bôr′dn-āt′) sub·or·di·nat·ed, sub·or·di·nat·ing, sub·or·di·nates 1. To put in a lower or inferior rank or class.2. To make subservient; subdue.
[Middle English subordinat, from Medieval Latin subōrdinātus, past participle of subōrdināre, to put in a lower rank : Latin sub-, sub- + Latin ōrdināre, to set in order (from ōrdō, ōrdin-, order; see ar- in Indo-European roots).]
sub·or′di·nate·ly adv.sub·or′di·nate·ness, sub·or′di·na′tion (-nā′shən) n.sub·or′di·na′tive (-nə′tĭv) adj.Subordination bench warmer A substitute or replacement; a second- or third-stringer; an idler or observer, as opposed to a participant. The term comes from sports, where it applies to those players not proficient enough to make the first team and who consequently spend most of a game sitting on the bench. The expression has also been used for hobos who while away the time on park benches. on a back burner See ABEYANCE. play second fiddle To play a subordinate role, to serve in a secondary capacity; to be of inferior rank or status, to be second best or second rate. Violinists, as well as other musicians in orchestras and bands, are generally categorized into classes of first, second, and third. First is comprised of the best musicians who play the lead parts; second and third consist of musicians of lesser ability who play subordinate parts. She had inherited from her mother an extreme objection to playing, in any orchestra whatever, the second fiddle. (James Payn, A Grape from a Thorn) take a back seat To occupy an inferior or subordinate position; to be put aside in favor of someone or something more important. The expression probably derives from the practice of preferential seating at public functions, where the front seats are always reserved for VIP’s and other persons of note, while less socially significant persons have to take the seats to the rear and consequently enjoy a less advantageous view of the proceedings. The phrase appeared in its figurative sense as early as 1859 in Harper’s Magazine. Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | subordination - the state of being subordinate to somethingdependence, dependency, dependance - the state of relying on or being controlled by someone or something else | | 2. | subordination - the semantic relation of being subordinate or belonging to a lower rank or classhyponymysemantic relation - a relation between meanings | | 3. | subordination - the grammatical relation of a modifying word or phrase to its headgrammatical relation - a linguistic relation established by grammar | | 4. | subordination - the quality of obedient submissivenesssubmissiveness - the trait of being willing to yield to the will of another person or a superior force etc.insubordination - defiance of authority | | 5. |  subordination - the act of mastering or subordinating someonemasterydomination - social control by dominating |
subordinationnoun inferiority, servitude, subjection, inferior or secondary status the social subordination of womenTranslationssubordinationsubordinazionesubordinaçãoSubordination
Subordination hypotaxis, formally expressed dependency of one syntactic element (word or sentence) upon another. By subordination, two types of syntactic units are formed—word combinations and complex sentences. The word in a word combination that determines the linkage by virtue of its grammatical, word-formational, or lexical properties is the main word; the word that realizes the linkage in some prescribed form is the dependent word. Determinative, circumstantial, objective, and other types of syntactic relationships may exist between the units. In Russian, the basic types of subordination are agreement, government, and parataxis. Indicators of subordination are case endings (sometimes with prepositions) or, as in adverbs, the invariability itself of words. Supplementary means of subordination are intonation and word order. Subordination may be strong and manifested of necessity (as in chitat’ knigu,“to read a book”; s”ekhat’ s gory,“to descend from the mountain”) or weak (as in the agreement in khoroshaia kniga,“a good book”). From a lexical standpoint, subordination may be free, limited, or, in phraseology, closed. In a complex sentence, subordination acts as the link between the main clause and subordinate clause. Indicators include subordinating conjunctions, relative pronouns, tense and mood forms of the verb-predicate in the subordinate clause, and word order. In cases of mutual subordination, there is an indicator of subordination in both clauses. As a grammatically expressed relationship of dependency, subordination stands in contrast to coordination. I. N. KRUCHININA
Subordination (in Russian, primykanie), a type of syntactic construction in which verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and nouns are the main words, and adverbs, adverbial participles, degrees of comparison, and infinitives are dependent words. Examples are seen in chitat’gromko (“to read loudly”), poitipoguliat’ (“to go for a walk”), ochen’ veselo (“very gaily”), and slegka grustnyi (“slightly sad”). Subordination is a grammatical linkage, not just a semantic or positional one. This is true even though subordination is expressed not by changes in the forms of words—the dependent words are not inflected—but by categorial indicators linked to parts of speech. Subordination is sometimes defined as a linkage that is neither agreement nor government. Various kinds of modifier relationships are established between main words and dependent words by subordination and therefore dependent words usually function as adverbial modifiers in a sentence.
Subordination in physiology, the influence that the central nervous system constantly exerts on the functioning of the peripheral nervous system as well as the influence of any one division of the central nervous system on the functioning of other divisions (the latter phenomenon is called intercentral subordination). Subordination causes changes in the threshold of stimulation, chronaxie, refractory period, adaptation, lability, and rate of propagation of excitation. I. M. Sechenov, in 1863, was the first to observe that the central nervous system influences the excitability of peripheral nerves. The term “subordination” was proposed by the French physiologist L. Lapicque (1928), who studied the effect of the central nervous system on the chronaxie of peripheral nerves. Subordination
Related to Subordination: Subordination agreement, Subordination clauseSubordinationTo put in an inferior class or order; to make subject to, or subservient. A legal status that refers to the establishment of priority between various existing liens or encumbrances on the same parcel of property. A subordination agreement is a contract whereby a creditor agrees that the claims of specified senior creditors must be paid in full before any payment on a subordinate debt can be paid to the subordinate creditor. A subordination clause in a mortgage is a provision that gives a subsequent mortgage priority over one that has been executed at an earlier date. subordinationn. allowing a debt or claim which has priority to take second position behind another debt, particularly a new loan. A property owner with a loan secured by the property who applies for another loan to make additions or repairs usually must get a subordination of the original loan so the new obligation is in first place. A declaration of homestead must always be subordinated to a loan. (See: subordination agreement) FinancialSeesubordinatesubordination
Related to subordination: Subordination agreement, Subordination clauseSynonyms for subordinationnoun inferioritySynonyms- inferiority
- servitude
- subjection
- inferior or secondary status
Synonyms for subordinationnoun the state of being subordinate to somethingRelated Words- dependence
- dependency
- dependance
noun the semantic relation of being subordinate or belonging to a lower rank or classSynonymsRelated Wordsnoun the grammatical relation of a modifying word or phrase to its headRelated Wordsnoun the quality of obedient submissivenessRelated WordsAntonymsnoun the act of mastering or subordinating someoneSynonymsRelated Words |