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单词 practice
释义

practice


prac·tice

P0498500 (prăk′tĭs)v. prac·ticed, prac·tic·ing, prac·tic·es v.tr.1. To do or perform habitually or customarily; make a habit of: practices courtesy in social situations.2. To do or perform (something) repeatedly in order to acquire or polish a skill: practice a dance step.3. To give lessons or repeated instructions to; drill: practiced the students in handwriting.4. To work at, especially as a profession: practice law.5. To carry out in action; observe: practices a religion piously.6. Obsolete To plot (something evil).v.intr.1. To do something repeatedly in order to acquire or polish a skill: With any musical instrument, you need to practice to get better.2. To work at a profession: How long has that lawyer been practicing?3. To do or perform something habitually or repeatedly: Why not practice in the same manner that you preach?4. Archaic To intrigue or plot.n.1. A habitual or customary action or way of doing something: makes a practice of being punctual.2. a. Repeated performance of an activity in order to learn or perfect a skill: Practice will make you a good musician.b. A session of preparation or performance undertaken to acquire or polish a skill: goes to piano practice weekly; scheduled a soccer practice for Saturday.c. Archaic The skill so learned or perfected.d. The condition of being skilled through repeated exercise: out of practice.3. The act or process of doing something; performance or action: a theory that is difficult to put into practice.4. Exercise of an occupation or profession: the practice of law.5. The business of a professional person: an obstetrician with her own practice.6. A habitual or customary action or act: That company engages in questionable business practices. Facial tattooing is a standard practice among certain peoples.7. Law The procedure for trial of cases in a court of law, usually specified by rules.8. Archaic a. The act of tricking or scheming, especially with malicious intent.b. A trick, scheme, or intrigue.
[Middle English practisen, from Old French practiser, alteration of practiquer, from practique, practice, from Medieval Latin prāctica; see practicable.]
prac′tic·er n.Synonyms: practice, exercise, rehearse
These verbs mean to do repeatedly to acquire or maintain proficiency: practice the shot put; exercising one's wits; rehearsed the play for 14 days. See Also Synonyms at habit.

practice

(ˈpræktɪs) n1. a usual or customary action or proceeding: it was his practice to rise at six; he made a practice of stealing stamps. 2. repetition or exercise of an activity in order to achieve mastery and fluency3. the condition of having mastery of a skill or activity through repetition (esp in the phrases in practice, out of practice)4. (Professions) the exercise of a profession: he set up practice as a lawyer. 5. the act of doing something: he put his plans into practice. 6. (Law) the established method of conducting proceedings in a court of lawvb the US spelling of practise[C16: from Medieval Latin practicāre to practise, from Greek praktikē practical science, practical work, from prattein to do, act]

prac•tice

(ˈpræk tɪs)

n., v. -ticed, -tic•ing. n. 1. habitual or customary course of action or way of doing something: office practice. 2. a habit; custom: to make a practice of borrowing money. 3. repeated performance or systematic exercise for the purpose of acquiring proficiency. 4. condition arrived at by experience or exercise: out of practice. 5. the action or process of doing something or carrying something out: to put a scheme into practice. 6. the exercise or pursuit of a profession, esp. law or medicine. 7. the business of a professional person. 8. the established method of conducting legal proceedings. 9. Archaic. a. plotting; intrigue; trickery. b. Usu. practices. intrigues; plots. v.t. 10. to perform or do habitually or usually: to practice a strict regimen. 11. to follow or observe habitually or customarily: to practice one's religion. 12. to exercise or pursue as a profession, art, or occupation. 13. to perform on or do repeatedly in order to acquire skill or proficiency: to practice the violin. 14. to train or drill (a person, animal, etc.) in something in order to give proficiency. v.i. 15. to do something habitually or as a practice. 16. to pursue a profession, esp. law or medicine. 17. to do something repeatedly in order to acquire skill. 18. Archaic. to plot or conspire. Also, Brit., practise (for defs. 11-19). [1375–1425; (v.) late Middle English practisen, practizen (< Middle French pra(c)tiser) < Medieval Latin prāctizāre, alter. of prācticāre, derivative of prāctica practical work < Greek prāktikḗ, n. use of feminine of prāktikós practical; (n.) late Middle English, derivative of the v.] prac′tic•er, n. syn: See custom.

practice

– practise">practise

In British English, practice is a noun and practise is a verb.

1. used as an uncountable noun

Practice involves doing something regularly in order to improve your ability at it.

Your skiing will get better with practice.He has to do a lot of music practice.
2. used as a countable noun

A practice is something that is done regularly, for example as a custom.

Our usual practice is to keep a written record of all meetings.The ancient practice of yoga is still popular today.
3. used as a verb

If you practise something, you do it or take part in it regularly.

I had been practising the piece for months.His family practised traditional Judaism.

In American English, the spelling 'practise' is not normally used. The verb and noun are both spelled practice.

I practiced throwing and catching the ball every day.

practice


Past participle: practiced
Gerund: practicing
Imperative
practice
practice
Present
I practice
you practice
he/she/it practices
we practice
you practice
they practice
Preterite
I practiced
you practiced
he/she/it practiced
we practiced
you practiced
they practiced
Present Continuous
I am practicing
you are practicing
he/she/it is practicing
we are practicing
you are practicing
they are practicing
Present Perfect
I have practiced
you have practiced
he/she/it has practiced
we have practiced
you have practiced
they have practiced
Past Continuous
I was practicing
you were practicing
he/she/it was practicing
we were practicing
you were practicing
they were practicing
Past Perfect
I had practiced
you had practiced
he/she/it had practiced
we had practiced
you had practiced
they had practiced
Future
I will practice
you will practice
he/she/it will practice
we will practice
you will practice
they will practice
Future Perfect
I will have practiced
you will have practiced
he/she/it will have practiced
we will have practiced
you will have practiced
they will have practiced
Future Continuous
I will be practicing
you will be practicing
he/she/it will be practicing
we will be practicing
you will be practicing
they will be practicing
Present Perfect Continuous
I have been practicing
you have been practicing
he/she/it has been practicing
we have been practicing
you have been practicing
they have been practicing
Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been practicing
you will have been practicing
he/she/it will have been practicing
we will have been practicing
you will have been practicing
they will have been practicing
Past Perfect Continuous
I had been practicing
you had been practicing
he/she/it had been practicing
we had been practicing
you had been practicing
they had been practicing
Conditional
I would practice
you would practice
he/she/it would practice
we would practice
you would practice
they would practice
Past Conditional
I would have practiced
you would have practiced
he/she/it would have practiced
we would have practiced
you would have practiced
they would have practiced
Thesaurus
Noun1.practice - a customary way of operation or behavior; "it is their practice to give annual raises"; "they changed their dietary pattern"patternactivity - any specific behavior; "they avoided all recreational activity"biologism - use of biological principles in explaining human especially social behaviorcooperation - the practice of cooperating; "economic cooperation"; "they agreed on a policy of cooperation"featherbedding - the practice (usually by a labor union) of requiring an employer to hire more workers than are requiredformalism - the practice of scrupulous adherence to prescribed or external formsone-upmanship - the practice of keeping one jump ahead of a friend or competitorpluralism - the practice of one person holding more than one benefice at a timesymbolism, symbolization, symbolisation - the practice of investing things with symbolic meaningmodernism - practices typical of contemporary life or thoughtoccult arts, occult - supernatural practices and techniques; "he is a student of the occult"ornamentalism - the practice of ornamental displaycannibalism - the practice of eating the flesh of your own kindcareerism - the practice of advancing your career at the expense of your personal integritycustom, usage, usance - accepted or habitual practicehabitude - habitual mode of behaviorfashion - characteristic or habitual practicelobbyism - the practice of lobbying; the activities of a lobbyistslaveholding, slavery - the practice of owning slavespeonage - the practice of making a debtor work for his creditor until the debt is dischargedunwritten law - law based on customary behaviorlynch law - the practice of punishing people by hanging without due process of lawmistreatment - the practice of treating (someone or something) badly; "he should be punished for his mistreatment of his mother"nonconformism - the practice of nonconformitycalisthenics, callisthenics - the practice of calisthenic exercises; "calisthenics is recommended for general good health"popery, papism - offensive terms for the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Churchquotation - the practice of quoting from books or plays etc.; "since he lacks originality he must rely on quotation"ritual - the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremoniesritualism - exaggerated emphasis on the importance of rites or ritualistic forms in worshipnaturism, nudism - going without clothes as a social practicesystematism - the habitual practice of systematization and classificationcross dressing, transvestism, transvestitism - the practice of adopting the clothes or the manner or the sexual role of the opposite sex
2.practice - systematic training by multiple repetitions; "practice makes perfect"practice session, drill, exercise, recitationgrooming, training, preparation - activity leading to skilled behaviorfire drill - an exercise intended to train people in duties and escape procedures to be followed in case of firemanual of arms, manual - (military) a prescribed drill in handling a riflemilitary drill - training in marching and the use of weaponsrehearsal - (psychology) a form of practice; repetition of information (silently or aloud) in order to keep it in short-term memorydry run, rehearsal - a practice session in preparation for a public performance (as of a play or speech or concert); "he missed too many rehearsals"; "a rehearsal will be held the day before the wedding"brushup, review - practice intended to polish performance or refresh the memoryscrimmage - (American football) practice play between a football team's squadsshadowboxing - sparring with an imaginary opponent (for exercise or training)target practice - practice in shooting at targets
3.practice - translating an idea into action; "a hard theory to put into practice"; "differences between theory and praxis of communism"praxiseffectuation, implementation - the act of implementing (providing a practical means for accomplishing something); carrying into effect
4.practice - the exercise of a profession; "the practice of the law"; "I took over his practice when he retired"consultancy - the practice of giving expert advice within a particular field; "a business management consultancy"cosmetology - the practice of beautifying the face and hair and skindental practice - the practice of dentistrylaw practice - the practice of lawmedical practice - the practice of medicineoptometry - the practice of an optometristprivate practice - the practice of a profession independently and not as an employee; "he teaches at the medical school but his fortune came from private practice"; "lawyers in private practice are in business and must make a profit to survive"usage, use, utilisation, utilization, exercise, employment - the act of using; "he warned against the use of narcotic drugs"; "skilled in the utilization of computers"witching - the use or practice of witchcraft
5.practice - knowledge of how something is usually done; "it is not the local practice to wear shorts to dinner"cognition, knowledge, noesis - the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoningcustom, tradition - a specific practice of long standingnormal, convention, rule, pattern, formula - something regarded as a normative example; "the convention of not naming the main character"; "violence is the rule not the exception"; "his formula for impressing visitors"heritage - practices that are handed down from the past by tradition; "a heritage of freedom"
Verb1.practice - carry out or practice; as of jobs and professions; "practice law"exercise, practise, doshamanise, shamanize - practice shamanism
2.practice - learn by repetition; "We drilled French verbs every day"; "Pianists practice scales"drill, practise, exerciselearn, study, read, take - be a student of a certain subject; "She is reading for the bar exam"
3.practice - engage in a rehearsal (of)practise, rehearseperforming arts - arts or skills that require public performanceperform, do, execute - carry out or perform an action; "John did the painting, the weeding, and he cleaned out the gutters"; "the skater executed a triple pirouette"; "she did a little dance"walk through - perform in a perfunctory way, as for a first rehearsalscrimmage - practice playing (a sport)
4.practice - avail oneself to; "apply a principle"; "practice a religion"; "use care when going down the stairs"; "use your common sense"; "practice non-violent resistance"use, applyapply, employ, use, utilise, utilize - put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose; "use your head!"; "we only use Spanish at home"; "I can't use this tool"; "Apply a magnetic field here"; "This thinking was applied to many projects"; "How do you utilize this tool?"; "I apply this rule to get good results"; "use the plastic bags to store the food"; "He doesn't know how to use a computer"follow - adhere to or practice; "These people still follow the laws of their ancient religion"
5.practice - engage in or perform; "practice safe sex"; "commit a random act of kindness"commitengage, pursue, prosecute - carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in; "She pursued many activities"; "They engaged in a discussion"

practice

noun1. custom, use, way, system, rule, method, tradition, habit, routine, mode, usage, wont, praxis, usual procedure a public inquiry into bank practices2. training, study, exercise, work-out, discipline, preparation, drill, rehearsal, repetition netball practice3. profession, work, business, career, occupation, pursuit, vocation improving his skills in the practice of medicine4. business, company, office, firm, enterprise, partnership, outfit (informal) He worked in a small legal practice.5. use, experience, action, effect, operation, application, enactment attempts to encourage the practice of safe sexin practice in reality, actually, practically, effectively, in real life, realistically In practice, this idea has proved very hard to follow up.out of practice rusty, not up to scratch, unpractised `How's your German?' - `Not bad, but I'm out of practice.'put something into practice apply, use, make use of, exercise, employ, draw on, utilize, put into effect, put to use, bring into play a chance to put his new ideas into practiceProverbs
"Practice makes perfect"

practice

verb1. To do or perform repeatedly so as to master:rehearse.2. To subject to or engage in forms of exertion in order to train, strengthen, or condition:drill, exercise, train, work out.3. To work at, especially as a profession:pursue.4. To put into action or use:actuate, apply, employ, exercise, exploit, implement, use, utilize.Idioms: avail oneself of, bring into play, bring to bear, make use of, put into practice, put to use.noun1. A habitual way of behaving:consuetude, custom, habit, habitude, manner, praxis, usage, usance, use, way, wont.2. Repetition of an action so as to develop or maintain one's skill:drill, exercise, rehearsal, study, training.3. A working at a profession or occupation:pursuit.
Translations
实践练习开业惯例业务

practice

(ˈprӕktis) noun1. the actual doing of something, as opposed to the theory or idea. In theory the plan should work, but in practice there are a lot of difficulties. 實踐 实践2. the usual way(s) of doing things; (a) habit or custom. It was his usual practice to rise at 6.00 a.m. 慣例,習慣 惯例,习惯 3. the repeated performance or exercise of something in order to learn to do it well. She has musical talent, but she needs a lot of practice; Have a quick practice before you start. 練習 练习4. a doctor's or lawyer's business. He has a practice in Southampton. 業務,開業 业务,开业 be in / out of practice (not) having had a lot of practice recently. I haven't played the piano for months – I'm very out of practice. 常練習(久不練習) 常练习(久不练习) make a practice of to do (something) habitually. He makes a practice of arriving late at parties. 養成...的習慣 养成...的习惯put into practice to do, as opposed to planning etc. He never gets the chance to put his ideas into practice. 實施 实施
practice is a noun: practice (not practise) makes perfect.

practice

实践zhCN, 练习zhCN

practice


sharp practice

Underhanded, deceitful, cunning, or particularly sneaky practice, especially in business, that is technically within the scope of the law but which may be considered immoral or unethical. The investment banking sector has been tightly reined in by the government after the sharp practice that went unchecked for so many years and cost so many people their life savings.See also: practice, sharp

in practice

1. As something actually is or is done in reality, as opposed to in theory. Yes, that was the hypothesis, but these things often turn out quite different in practice. In practice, that rule is not strictly enforced, so a lot of players get away with it.2. In the state of being prepared due to having practiced something regularly, recently, and/or to a sufficient degree. I used to be able to do this with my eyes closed, but I'm really not in practice.3. Serving in a professional field, often as a doctor, attorney, etc. Dr. Johnson is retiring after having been in practice for more than 30 years.See also: practice

out of practice

Not having done something in a long time, and no longer skillful as a result. Wow, I haven't swung a bat in 10 years—I'm out of practice! I wanted to play songs on the guitar for my brother's wedding, but I was too out of practice.See also: of, out, practice

practice makes perfect

Practicing or repeatedly doing something will make one become proficient or skillful at it. A: "I just can't seem to get the rhythm of this song quire right." B: "Keep at it—practice makes perfect!" You can't expect to start a new sport and be amazing at it right away. As is always the case, practice makes perfect.See also: make, perfect, practice

practice what (one) preaches

To do the things or behave the way that one advises, dictates, or espouses. My parents always told us to respect each other and not to bicker, and they really did practice what they preached. If you're going to tell your employees not to incur excessive, unnecessary costs, then you had better practice what you preach.See also: practice, preach, what

make a practice of (doing something)

To do something habitually. I've made a practice of doing 50 pushups every morning when I get out of bed. If you make a practice of investing some of your spare income, you'll be pleasantly surprised how much can build up.See also: make, of, practice

make a habit of (doing something)

To follow a routine in which one does something habitually. I've made a habit of doing 50 pushups every morning when I get out of bed. If you make a habit of investing some of your spare income, you'll be pleasantly surprised how much can build up.See also: habit, make, of

put (something) into practice

To commence doing something that had previously only been discussed, suggested, or planned. We've decided to put your ideas into practice for the next meeting. I've been putting that technique you showed me into practice during my training sessions.See also: practice, put

practice on (someone or something)

To train for some activity by doing drills on someone or something. (Spelled "practise" in British English.) A noun or pronoun can be used between "practice" and "on" to specify the activity one is training for. The doctor asked if the trainees could practice checking blood pressure and heart rate on me. I want to make sure the sculpture turns out how I want it, so I've been practicing on these concrete blocks before I move on to the marble.See also: on, practice

in practice

 1. in the actual doing of something; in reality. Our policy is to be very particular, but in practice we don't care that much. The instructions say not to set it too high. In practice I always set it as high as possible. 2. well-rehearsed; well-practiced; well-exercised. The swimmer was not in practice and almost drowned. I play the piano for a living, and I have to keep in practice.See also: practice

make a practice of something

 and make something a practiceto turn something into a habitual activity. Jane makes a practice of planting daisies every summer. Her mother also made it a practice.See also: make, of, practice

*out of practice

performing poorly due to a lack of practice. (*Typically: be ~; get ~; go ~.) I used to be able to play the piano extremely well, but now I'm out of practice. The baseball players lost the game because they were out of practice.See also: of, out, practice

Practice makes perfect.

Prov. Cliché Doing something over and over again is the only way to learn to do it well. Jill: I'm not going to try to play the piano anymore. I always make so many mistakes. Jane: Don't give up. Practice makes perfect. Child: How come you're so good at peeling potatoes? Father: I did it a lot in the army, and practice makes perfect.See also: make, perfect, practice

practice (up)on someone or something

to train or drill on someone or something. (In preparation for the real thing. Upon is formal and less commonly used than on.) I do not want a dental student practicing upon me. I want to learn how to braid hair. Can I practice on you?See also: on, practice

Practice what you preach.

Prov. Cliché You yourself should do the things you advise other people to do. Dad always told us we should only watch an hour of television every day, but we all knew he didn't practice what he preached.See also: practice, preach, what

put something into practice

to make a suggested procedure the actual procedure. That is a good policy. I suggest you put it into practice immediately. I plan to put the new technique into practice as soon as I can.See also: practice, put

in practice

1. Actually, in fact, especially as opposed to theoretically or in principle. For example, In practice this contraption seems to work, although no one knows how or why. [Second half of 1500s] Also see put into practice. 2. In the exercise of a particular profession, as in She's an obstetrician and has been in practice for at least ten years. [c. 1700] 3. In a state of being exercised so as to maintain one's skill, as in This trumpeter is always in practice. [Early 1600s] For an antonym, see out of practice. See also: practice

make a practice of

Habitually do something, as in Bill makes a practice of checking the oil and gas before every long trip. [c. 1900] See also: make, of, practice

out of practice

No longer used to doing something, no longer adept for lack of doing something, as in Mom hadn't baked a cake in years-she said she was out of practice. [Late 1800s] Also see in practice. See also: of, out, practice

practice makes perfect

Frequently doing something makes one better at doing it, as in I've knit at least a hundred sweaters, but in my case practice hasn't made perfect. This proverbial expression was once put as Use makes mastery, but by 1560 the present form had become established. See also: make, perfect, practice

practice what you preach

Behave as you would have others behave, as in You keep telling us to clean up, but I wish you'd practice what you preach. This idiom expresses an ancient idea but appeared in this precise form only in 1678. Also see do as I say. See also: practice, preach, what

put into practice

Also, put in practice. Carry out in action, as in It's time we put these new ideas into practice. Shakespeare used this idiom in Two Gentlemen of Verona (3:2): "Thy advice, this night, I'll put in practice." [Mid-1500s] See also: practice, put

sharp practice

Crafty or deceitful dealings, especially in business. For example, That firm's known for its sharp practice, so I'd rather not deal with them. This expression, first recorded in 1836, uses sharp in the combined sense of "mentally acute" and "cutting." See also: practice, sharp

practice makes perfect

COMMON People say practice makes perfect to mean that if you practise something enough, you will eventually be able to do it perfectly. It is like learning to ride a bike. You may fall off a few times but practice makes perfect.See also: make, perfect, practice

practice makes perfect

regular exercise of an activity or skill is the way to become proficient in it.See also: make, perfect, practice

make a ˈhabit/ˈpractice of something

do something regularly: I don’t usually make a practice of staying up so late, but there was a programme on TV I wanted to watch.See also: habit, make, of, practice, something

in ˈpractice

in reality; in fact; in a real or normal situation: The pilot is there to fly the plane, but in practice it flies itself most of the time.In theory it should work very well, but in practice it doesn’t.See also: practice

ˌin/ˌout of ˈpractice

having practised/having not practised a skill regularly for a period of time: I’ve got to keep in practice if I’m going to win this race.I haven’t played the piano for a while so I’m a bit out of practice.See also: of, out, practice

ˌpractice makes ˈperfect

(saying) a way of encouraging people by telling them that if you do an activity regularly you will become very good at it: If you want to learn a language, speak it as much as you can. Practice makes perfect!See also: make, perfect, practice

put something into ˈpractice

actually do or carry out something which was only planned or talked about before: It’s not always easy to put your ideas into practice.See also: practice, put, something

sharp ˈpractice

clever but dishonest methods of business, etc: There’s a lot of sharp practice in the second-hand car business.See also: practice, sharp

practice makes perfect

The more one does something, the better at it one becomes. This ancient proverb began as use makes perfect. In English it dates from the fifteenth century but probably was a version of a much older Latin proverb. It exists in many languages, so presumably most people agree. Ralph Waldo Emerson almost did: “Practice is nine-tenths,” he wrote (Conduct of Life: Power, 1860). An English writer in the Spectator of May 10, 1902, differed: “Practice never makes perfect. It improves up to a point.”See also: make, perfect, practice

practice what you preach

Do as you would have others do. The idea is an ancient one, expressed in somewhat different form in the Bible (Matthew 23:3): “They say and do not” (King James Version; the Revised Standard version changed it to “they preach but do not practice”). Repeated often over the centuries, it appears in Dickens’s Old Curiosity Shop (1840): “Divines do not always practice what they preach.” See also do as i say.See also: practice, preach, what

practice


practice

Law the established method of conducting proceedings in a court of law

Practice

 

the material, sensuous, objective, purposeful activity of human beings, which includes the mastery and transformation of natural and social objects and is the universal basis and driving force in the development of human society and knowledge. Practice, which is multifaceted, operates on different levels. In a broad sense, practice consists of all types of human sensuous objective activity, including teaching, the arts, and administration. The main forms of human practical activity are the production of material values, labor, and the revolutionary activity of the masses, which is aimed at changing social relations. In addition the practical activity of human beings includes participation in public and political life, the class struggle, and social revolutions. Sensuous objective scientific activity, involving the use of instruments and equipment in observation and experimentation, is also a form of practice.

The term “practice” refers primarily not to the sensuous objective activity of the individual but to the activity and the total experience of mankind in the course of historical development. In content and performance, practical activity is social. The result of all of world history, contemporary practice expresses people’s infinitely varied relations with nature and with each other in material and cultural production.

As the basic mode of human social existence and as a form of human self-assertion in the world, practice is an integrated system of actions. The structure of practice includes a number of aspects, such as needs, goals, motivation, purposeful activity in the form of particular actions, the objects toward which this activity is directed, the means through which goals are accomplished, and the results of activity.

Social practice is united with human cognitive activity and with theory. It is the source of scientific knowledge and the motive force behind it, and it provides cognition with the necessary factual material for generalization and theoretical elaboration. As Marx pointed out, people do not begin with a theoretical attitude toward objects in the outside world. They begin by actively doing things and by mastering the objects in the outside world through practical actions, thus satisfying their needs. In so doing they discover, establish, and consequently, acquire knowledge of the properties and relations of objects that are meaningful for human beings (K. Marx and F. Engels, Soch., 2nd ed., vol. 19, p. 377).

Practice molds the subject of cognitive activity and determines the structure, content, and direction of his thinking. “It is precisely the alteration of nature by men, not solely nature as such, which is the most essential and immediate basis of human thought, and it is in the measure that man has learned to change nature that his intelligence has increased” (F. Engels, ibid., vol. 20, p. 545). In the early stages of human development the process of cognition directly reproduced the techniques of practical action, which served as the basis for the rise of logical operations. V. I. Lenin wrote: “Man’s practice, repeating itself a thousand million times, becomes consolidated in man’s consciousness by figures of logic” (Poln. sobr. soch., 5th ed., vol. 29, p. 198).

Cognition emerged and developed because it served the vital activities of society and because it was a social value of practical significance. Human productive practice laid the foundation for the sciences that study nature. Thus, practical need in navigation gave rise to astronomy, and the needs of agriculture, to geometry.

Practice provides the foundation for objectivity in the content of knowledge and serves as a criterion or measure in verifying the truth of the results of cognition. “The standpoint of life, of practice, should be first and fundamental in the theory of knowledge” (ibid., vol. 18, p. 145). Only the results of cognition that are verified in practice can claim to have objective meaning. Practice can serve as the criterion of truth because, as the material activity of human beings, it has the merit of immediate reality. Practice unites and correlates the object with the action that is taken in accordance with thought about the object. The truth of ideas is revealed in precisely this kind of action. At the same time, Lenin pointed out that although the success of human practice demonstrates the agreement between ideas and the objective character of things, “we must not forget that the criterion of practice can never, in the nature of things, either confirm or refute any human idea completely. This criterion too is sufficiently ‘indefinite’ not to allow human knowledge to become ‘absolute,’ but at the same time it is sufficiently definite to wage a ruthless fight on all varieties of idealism and agnosticism” (ibid, vol. 18, pp. 145–16).

Scientific knowledge has vital meaning only if it is put into practice. The ultimate aim of cognition is not knowledge in itself but the practical transformation of reality to satisfy the material and cultural needs of society and the individual. Objectification is the practical embodiment of ideas, or the transformation of ideas into the world of objects (seeOBJECTIFICATION AND DISOBJECTIFICATION). Knowledge is objectified not only in language but also in the creations of material culture. Lenin wrote: “The process of… cognition and action converts abstract concepts into perfected objectivity” (ibid., vol. 29, p. 177). Knowledge and ideas make it possible to reorganize production, harness nature, develop culture, and carry out social transformations.

Human practical activity and its relation to knowledge have been treated in various ways throughout the history of philosophy. In pre-Marxist philosophy, when a contemplative attitude toward the world was characteristic of materialism, the active principle in cognition was elaborated primarily by idealist thinkers. However, the idealists confined activity and creativity to the spirit (K. Marx, in Marx and Engels, Soch., 2nd ed., vol. 3, p. 1). According to Hegel, for example, practice is the “volitional activity of the idea.” The subjective idealists regarded practice as activity conditioned only by will, intuition, or a subconscious element. Thus, the American pragmatist W. James classified “religious experience”—that is, purely spiritual activity—as a form of practice. Following the idealists, some revisionists reduce practice to free, creative, self-conscious activity, which is treated as the sole form of reality.

The right-wing revisionists give a one-sided interpretation of the relationship between nature and society, regarding nature solely as the embodiment of the needs, aspirations, and values of man. This leads to a subjectivist understanding of practice.

In reality, although people change nature, that does not mean that nature becomes dependent on the mind or that the element of the subjective is the active principle in being. Marx emphasized that regardless of the level of activity in the relation of man to nature, in the products of human labor “a material substratum is always left… which is furnished by nature without the help of man” (K. Marx in Marx and Engels, Soch., 2nd ed., vol. 23, p. 51). Both nonhumanized nature and humanized nature (social existence) develop according to objective laws that are not dependent on the subjective element.

The “left-wing” revisionists restrict the sphere of social practice and interpret it in a utilitarian way as merely the immediate, physical participation of the individual in productive or political activity.

The fundamental flaw in the idealist understanding of practice is its metaphysical absolutization of the ideal, spiritual aspect of sensuous practical activity. Marxism made a great contribution in introducing the concept of practice into the theory of knowledge for the first time. The spiritual or intellectual principle is a necessary aspect of practical activity, insofar as that activity has a conscious quality. The idea of separating the material and practical aspect of activity from its intellectual, theoretical aspect is alien to dialectical materialism. These two aspects of activity are indissolubly united. However, this does not imply that intellectual activity is a form of practice. The idea of “the mystical identity of practice and theory” (Marx and Engels, ibid., vol. 2, p. 211) is also alien to Marxism. Practical activity is carried out through material means and results in the production of material objects. Intellectual activity uses images and concepts to produce thoughts and ideas.

Theory and practice constitute a unity of opposites in which practice plays the decisive role. The dialectical interconnection of Marxist-Leninist theory and practice is one of the most important principles in building socialism and communism.

REFERENCES

Osnovy marksistsko-leninskoi filosofii, 3rd ed. Moscow, 1974.
Praktika i poznanie. Moscow, 1973.

A. G. SPIRKIN

practice


practice

 [prak´tis] the exercise of a profession.collaborative practice communication, sharing, and problem solving between the physician and nurse as peers; this pattern of practice also implies a shared responsibility and accountability for patient care.differentiated practice the use of nursing staff in an acute care setting according to their expertise and qualifications.evidence-based practice provision of health care that incorporates the most current and valid research results.family practice the medical specialty of a physician" >family physician, concerned with the planning and provision of comprehensive primary health care, regardless of age or sex, on a continuing basis. Called also family medicine.general practice old term for comprehensive medical care regardless of age of the patient or presence of a condition that may require the services of a specialist; this term has now largely been replaced by the term family practice.nursing practice see nursing practice.

prac·tice

(prak'tis), The exercise of the profession of medicine or one of the allied health professions. [Mediev. L. practica, business, G. praktikos, pertaining to action]

practice

(prăk′tĭs)v. To engage in the profession of medicine or one of the allied health professions.n.1. The exercise of the profession of medicine.2. The business of a practicing physician or group of physicians, including facilities and customary patients.

practice

Medspeak-US
The place where a physician practises medicine in a privately managed setting. (Termed “surgery” in the UK.)
Sports medicine (US)
verb To train at a particular activity; see Spring practice.
 
Vox populi
noun A habit; the manner of performing something.
verb (practise, BrE) To perform the art and science of medicine.

practice

Medtalk noun Surgery–British The place where a physician practices medicine in a privately managed setting. See Better practice, Family practice, General practice, Group practice, Independent practice, Integrated group practice, Malpractice, Office practice, Reduced-risk practice, Solo practice Sports medicine To train at a particular activity. See Spring practice Vox populi.
A habit, manner of performing something. See Good laboratory practice, Good manufacturing practice, Malpractice, Office practice, Reduced-risk practice, Solo practice, Spring practice verb To perform the art and science of medicine.

prac·tice

(prak'tis) 1. Direct professional involvement in health care services. 2. Rehearsal of a task or skill with the goal of achieving proficiency. [Mediev. L. practica, business, G. praktikos, pertaining to action]

prac·tice

(prak'tis) Exercise of the profession of dentistry, medicine, or one of the allied health professions. [Mediev. L. practica, business, G. praktikos, pertaining to action]

Patient discussion about practice

Q. does anyone practice bikram-yoga and know misuse of knee that can result from it? I just started this type of youga 2 weeks ago but do it 3-4 times a week and now I have a pain in the knee- like an inflamation from the pressure or something... Is anyone into bikram and know how can I prevent that from happening???A. hi...This is Prashantmurti...I m a Yoga Teacher by profession...
In a straight way I will recommannd you to do a traditional Yoga...not like Vikram yoga or hot yoga...even Ramdev's Yoga has a possibility of high side effects...
If possible fing a yoga teacher or instution of Satyananda Yoga (bihar Yoga)in ur location, which is very practical,traditional, simple and effective...better not to do vikram yoga ..give some rest to ur knees and after that go thru Satyananda Yoga.
(prashantmurti@yahoo.com)
Happy New Year

More discussions about practice

Practice


Related to Practice: practise

Practice

Repeated or customary action; habitual performance; a succession of acts of similar kind; custom; usage. The exercise of any profession.

The form or mode or proceeding in courts of justice for the enforcement of rights or the redress of wrongs, as distinguished from the Substantive Law that gives the right or denounces the wrong. The form, manner, or order of instituting and conducting an action or other judicial proceeding, through its successive stages to its end, in accordance with the rules and principles laid down by law or by the regulations and precedents of the courts.

An attorney is actually engaged in the Practice of Law when she maintains an office, offers to perform legal services, describes herself as an attorney on letterheads or business cards, counsels clients, negotiates with other parties or opposing counsel, and fixes and collects fees for legal work. A doctor is practicing medicine when he discovers the cause and nature of diseases, treats illnesses and injuries, or prescribes and administers medical or surgical care. Lawyers and doctors must qualify for licenses before they may practice their professions.

practice

1) n. custom or habit as shown by repeated action, as in "it is the practice in the industry to confirm orders before shipping." 2) the legal business, as in "law practice," or "the practice of the law." 3) v. to repeat an activity in order to maintain or improve skills, as "he practices the violin every evening." 4) v. to conduct a law business, as "she practices law in St. Louis."

PRACTICE. The form, manner and order of conducting and carrying on suits or prosecutions in the courts through their various stages, according, to the principles of law, and the rules laid down by the respective courts.
2. By practice is also meant the business which an attorney or counsellor does; as, A B has a good practice.
3. The books on practice are very numerous; among the most popular are those Of Tidd, Chitty, Archbold, Sellon, Graham, Dunlap, Caines, Troubat and Haly, Blake, Impey.
4. A settled, uniform, and loll, continued practice, without objection is evidence of what the law is, and such practice is based on principles which are founded in justice and convenience. Buck, 279; 2 Russ. R. 19, 570; 2 Jac. It. 232; 5 T. R. 380; 1 Y. & J. 167, 168; 2 Crompt. & M. 55; Ram on Judgm. ch. 7.

FinancialSeeRPSee PRAC
See PRAC

practice


Related to practice: practise
  • all
  • noun
  • verb
  • phrase

Synonyms for practice

noun custom

Synonyms

  • custom
  • use
  • way
  • system
  • rule
  • method
  • tradition
  • habit
  • routine
  • mode
  • usage
  • wont
  • praxis
  • usual procedure

noun training

Synonyms

  • training
  • study
  • exercise
  • work-out
  • discipline
  • preparation
  • drill
  • rehearsal
  • repetition

noun profession

Synonyms

  • profession
  • work
  • business
  • career
  • occupation
  • pursuit
  • vocation

noun business

Synonyms

  • business
  • company
  • office
  • firm
  • enterprise
  • partnership
  • outfit

noun use

Synonyms

  • use
  • experience
  • action
  • effect
  • operation
  • application
  • enactment

phrase in practice

Synonyms

  • in reality
  • actually
  • practically
  • effectively
  • in real life
  • realistically

phrase out of practice

Synonyms

  • rusty
  • not up to scratch
  • unpractised

phrase put something into practice

Synonyms

  • apply
  • use
  • make use of
  • exercise
  • employ
  • draw on
  • utilize
  • put into effect
  • put to use
  • bring into play

Synonyms for practice

verb to do or perform repeatedly so as to master

Synonyms

  • rehearse

verb to subject to or engage in forms of exertion in order to train, strengthen, or condition

Synonyms

  • drill
  • exercise
  • train
  • work out

verb to work at, especially as a profession

Synonyms

  • pursue

verb to put into action or use

Synonyms

  • actuate
  • apply
  • employ
  • exercise
  • exploit
  • implement
  • use
  • utilize

noun a habitual way of behaving

Synonyms

  • consuetude
  • custom
  • habit
  • habitude
  • manner
  • praxis
  • usage
  • usance
  • use
  • way
  • wont

noun repetition of an action so as to develop or maintain one's skill

Synonyms

  • drill
  • exercise
  • rehearsal
  • study
  • training

noun a working at a profession or occupation

Synonyms

  • pursuit

Synonyms for practice

noun a customary way of operation or behavior

Synonyms

  • pattern

Related Words

  • activity
  • biologism
  • cooperation
  • featherbedding
  • formalism
  • one-upmanship
  • pluralism
  • symbolism
  • symbolization
  • symbolisation
  • modernism
  • occult arts
  • occult
  • ornamentalism
  • cannibalism
  • careerism
  • custom
  • usage
  • usance
  • habitude
  • fashion
  • lobbyism
  • slaveholding
  • slavery
  • peonage
  • unwritten law
  • lynch law
  • mistreatment
  • nonconformism
  • calisthenics
  • callisthenics
  • popery
  • papism
  • quotation
  • ritual
  • ritualism
  • naturism
  • nudism
  • systematism
  • cross dressing
  • transvestism
  • transvestitism

noun systematic training by multiple repetitions

Synonyms

  • practice session
  • drill
  • exercise
  • recitation

Related Words

  • grooming
  • training
  • preparation
  • fire drill
  • manual of arms
  • manual
  • military drill
  • rehearsal
  • dry run
  • brushup
  • review
  • scrimmage
  • shadowboxing
  • target practice

noun translating an idea into action

Synonyms

  • praxis

Related Words

  • effectuation
  • implementation

noun the exercise of a profession

Related Words

  • consultancy
  • cosmetology
  • dental practice
  • law practice
  • medical practice
  • optometry
  • private practice
  • usage
  • use
  • utilisation
  • utilization
  • exercise
  • employment
  • witching

noun knowledge of how something is usually done

Related Words

  • cognition
  • knowledge
  • noesis
  • custom
  • tradition
  • normal
  • convention
  • rule
  • pattern
  • formula
  • heritage

verb carry out or practice

Synonyms

  • exercise
  • practise
  • do

Related Words

  • shamanise
  • shamanize

verb learn by repetition

Synonyms

  • drill
  • practise
  • exercise

Related Words

  • learn
  • study
  • read
  • take

verb engage in a rehearsal (of)

Synonyms

  • practise
  • rehearse

Related Words

  • performing arts
  • perform
  • do
  • execute
  • walk through
  • scrimmage

verb avail oneself to

Synonyms

  • use
  • apply

Related Words

  • apply
  • employ
  • use
  • utilise
  • utilize
  • follow

verb engage in or perform

Synonyms

  • commit

Related Words

  • engage
  • pursue
  • prosecute
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