| 释义 |
substratum
sub·stra·tum S0853800 (sŭb′strā′təm, -străt′əm) n. pl. sub·stra·ta (-strā′tə, -străt′ə) or sub·stra·tums 1. a. An underlying layer. b. A layer of earth beneath the surface soil; subsoil. 2. A foundation or groundwork. 3. The material on which another material is coated or fabricated. 4. Philosophy The underlying characterless substance that supports attributes of material reality. 5. Biology A substrate. 6. Linguistics A substrate.
[New Latin substrātum, from neuter of Latin substrātus, past participle of substernere, to lay under : sub-, sub- + sternere, to stretch, spread; see ster-2 in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.]
sub·stra′tive adj. substratum (sʌbˈstrɑːtəm; -ˈstreɪ-) n, pl -strata (-ˈstrɑːtə; -ˈstreɪtə) 1. any layer or stratum lying underneath another2. a basis or foundation; groundwork3. (Biology) the nonliving material on which an animal or plant grows or lives4. (Geological Science) geology a. the solid rock underlying soils, gravels, etc; bedrockb. the surface to which a fixed organism is attached5. (Sociology) sociol any of several subdivisions or grades within a stratum6. (Photography) photog a binding layer by which an emulsion is made to adhere to a glass or film base. Sometimes shortened to: sub 7. (Philosophy) philosophy substance considered as that in which attributes and accidents inhere8. (Linguistics) linguistics the language of an indigenous population when replaced by the language of a conquering or colonizing population, esp as it influences the form of the dominant language or of any mixed languages arising from their contact. Compare superstratum2[C17: from New Latin, from Latin substrātus strewn beneath, from substernere to spread under, from sub- + sternere to spread] subˈstrative, subˈstratal adjsub•stra•tum (ˈsʌbˌstreɪ təm, -ˌstræt əm, sʌbˈstreɪ təm, -ˈstræt əm)
n., pl. -stra•ta (-ˌstreɪ tə, -ˌstræt ə, -ˈstreɪ tə, -ˈstræt ə) -stra•tums. 1. something that is spread or laid under something else; a stratum or layer lying under another. 2. something that underlies or serves as a basis or foundation. 3. the subsoil. [1625–35; < New Latin; see sub-, stratum] Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | substratum - a surface on which an organism grows or is attached; "the gardener talked about the proper substrate for acid-loving plants"substratesurface - the extended two-dimensional outer boundary of a three-dimensional object; "they skimmed over the surface of the water"; "a brush small enough to clean every dental surface"; "the sun has no distinct surface" | | 2. | substratum - any stratum or layer lying underneath anothersubstratestratum - one of several parallel layers of material arranged one on top of another (such as a layer of tissue or cells in an organism or a layer of sedimentary rock) | | 3. | substratum - an indigenous language that contributes features to the language of an invading people who impose their language on the indigenous population; "the Celtic languages of Britain are a substrate for English"substrateindigenous language - a language that originated in a specified place and was not brought to that place from elsewhere |
substratumnounThe lowest or supporting part or structure:base, basis, bed, bottom, foot, footing, foundation, fundament, ground, groundwork, seat, underpinning (often used in plural).TranslationsSubstratum
substratum[¦səb′strad·əm] (geology) Any layer underlying the true soil. Substratum remnants of an ethnic group’s former native language that have been retained in the language replacing the first, original language. The term also designates the original language itself, for example, the Celtic substratum in French, the Dacian substratum in Rumanian, the pre-Indo-European substratum—Hurrian-Urartaean—in Armenian, and the Iranian substratum in some Uzbek dialects. The influence of the substratum may be observed at both the phonetic and phonological levels, in changes in articulation and in the modification of distinctive features. In grammar, it may be observed in functional changes in the original grammatical forms and in loan translations of syntactic constructions; in the lexicon, it is manifested by borrowings and caiques. substratum
sub·stra·tum (sŭb-strā'tŭm), Any layer or stratum lying beneath another. [L. see substrate] substratum (sŭb′strā′təm, -străt′əm)n. pl. sub·strata (-strā′tə, -străt′ə) or sub·stratums Biology A substrate.
sub·stra′tive adj.substrateS22-912180, substratum (sub'strat) (sub-stra'tum) [L. substratum, to lie under] 1. An underlying layer or foundation.2. A base, as of a pigment.3. The substance acted upon, as by an enzyme. See: enzymesubstratum
Synonyms for substratumnoun the lowest or supporting part or structureSynonyms- base
- basis
- bed
- bottom
- foot
- footing
- foundation
- fundament
- ground
- groundwork
- seat
- underpinning
Synonyms for substratumnoun a surface on which an organism grows or is attachedSynonymsRelated Wordsnoun any stratum or layer lying underneath anotherSynonymsRelated Wordsnoun an indigenous language that contributes features to the language of an invading people who impose their language on the indigenous populationSynonymsRelated Words |