| 释义 |
rationality
ra·tion·al·i·ty R0053900 (răsh′ə-năl′ĭ-tē)n. pl. ra·tion·al·i·ties 1. The quality or condition of being rational.2. A rational belief or practice.rationality (ˌræʃəˈnælɪtɪ) n, pl -ties1. the state or quality of being rational or logical2. the possession or utilization of reason or logic3. a reasonable or logical opinion4. (Economics) economics the assumption that an individual will compare all possible combinations of goods and their prices when making purchasesra•tion•al•i•ty (ˌræʃ əˈnæl ɪ ti)
n., pl. -ties. 1. the state or quality of being rational. 2. the possession or exercise of reason. 3. agreeableness to reason. 4. a reasonable view, practice, etc. [1560–70; < Late Latin ratiōnālitās reasonableness. See rational, -ity] Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | rationality - the state of having good sense and sound judgment; "his rationality may have been impaired"; "he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions"reasonableness, reasonsaneness, sanity - normal or sound powers of mind | | 2. | rationality - the quality of being consistent with or based on logicrationalnesslogicality, logicalness - correct and valid reasoning |
rationalitynoun1. What is sound or reasonable:logic, rationale, rationalness, reason, sense.Idiom: rhyme or reason.2. Exact, valid, and rational reasoning:logic, ratiocination, reason.Translationsrational (ˈraʃənl) adjective1. able to think, reason and judge etc. Man is a rational animal. 理性思考的 有推理能力的2. sensible; reasonable; logical; not (over-) influenced by emotions etc. There must be a rational explanation for those strange noises 理性的 有理性的ˈrationally adverb 理性地 理性地ˌrationˈality noun 理性 合理性
rationality
rationality - action which is effective in achieving the purposes which it is intended to achieve, i.e. the means are appropriate to the ends. In such a definition of instrumental rationality, no attempt need be made to appraise the rationality of the ends themselves. This conception of rationality, in which economic actors are assumed to seek to maximize their own economic returns, is often the basis of theorizing in ECONOMICS, much of this operating by the construction of idealized models (see IDEAL TYPES). For further conceptions of rational action, and questions about these, see FORMAL AND SUBSTANTIVE RATIONALITY, TYPES OF SOCIAL ACTION.
- knowledge of beliefs which have been established scientifically, or on some other basis considered ‘rational’. Such beliefs are implied in 1 , but the ‘rationality’ of knowledge and beliefs raises wider issues than the instrumental effectiveness of knowledge or beliefs, e.g. extensive philosophical debates (see EPISTEMOLOGY, ONTOLOGY, SCIENCE, RATIONALISM).
Other important debates concern the ‘rationality’ or otherwise of so-called primitive mentality. Lévy-Bruhl (1923) argued that, although MYTHOLOGIES and beliefs in preindustrial, prescientific societies may have a cognitive value, they reflect levels of mentality which are ‘pre-logical’. An alternative view is that the myths and beliefs in such societies are ‘rational’ in the context in which they occur, see WINCH, MAGIC, RELATIVISM. A rather different point is that many activities which at first sight appear ‘irrational’, on closer examination may be found to possess ‘latent functions’ (see LATENT AND MANIFEST FUNCTIONS), e.g. the ‘conservatism’ of many people in THIRD WORLD SOCIETIES, who may benefit economically, especially in old age, from having more children. In wider terms, ‘nonrational beliefs’, notably RELIGION, may perform general social functions, e.g. providing social integration (see also FUNCTIONALIST THEORY OF RELIGION). Such beliefs are sometimes regarded as encapsulating an accumulated institutional rationality, perhaps linked to survival. Conversely, actions which appear ‘rational’ from the narrow perspective of immediate instrumental rationality (e.g. cutting down the Brazilian rain forest) may be seen as ‘nonrational’, taking a wider view. What all these considerations show is that the idea of’rationality’ is often difficult to define. While rationality in its simplest sense, l , can sometimes be established without undue difficulty, only rarely can the means to an end be fully ordered (e.g. in terms of cost, availability, etc.), and actors often lack other salient information, even when this is potentially available (see THEORY OF GAMES, RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY, SATISFICING, BOUNDED RATIONALITY). MedicalSeerationalrationality
Related to rationality: Bounded rationalitySynonyms for rationalitynoun what is sound or reasonableSynonyms- logic
- rationale
- rationalness
- reason
- sense
noun exact, valid, and rational reasoningSynonymsSynonyms for rationalitynoun the state of having good sense and sound judgmentSynonymsRelated Wordsnoun the quality of being consistent with or based on logicSynonymsRelated Words |