| 释义 |
pasture
pas·ture P0105300 (păs′chər)n.1. a. A tract of land that supports grass or other vegetation eaten by domestic grazing animals.b. Such vegetation, especially that eaten by domestic grazing animals.2. The feeding or grazing of animals.v. pas·tured, pas·tur·ing, pas·tures v.tr.1. To herd (animals) into a pasture to graze.2. To provide (animals) with pasturage. Used of land.3. a. To graze on (land or vegetation).b. To use (land) as pasture.v.intr. To graze in a pasture.Idiom: put out to pasture1. To herd (grazing animals) into pasturable land.2. Informal To retire or compel to retire from work or a full workload.
[Middle English, from Old French, from Late Latin pāstūra, from Latin pāstus, past participle of pāscere, to feed; see pā- in Indo-European roots.]
pas′tur·a·ble adj.pas′tur·er n.pasture (ˈpɑːstʃə) n1. (Agriculture) land covered with grass or herbage and grazed by or suitable for grazing by livestock2. (Agriculture) a specific tract of such land3. (Agriculture) the grass or herbage growing on itvb (Agriculture) (tr) to cause (livestock) to graze or (of livestock) to graze (a pasture)[C13: via Old French from Late Latin pāstūra, from pascere to feed]pas•ture (ˈpæs tʃər, ˈpɑs-)
n., v. -tured, -tur•ing. n. 1. Also called pas′ture•land` (-ˌlænd) an area of ground covered with plants suitable for the grazing of livestock; grassland. 2. grass or other plants for feeding livestock. v.t. 3. to feed (livestock) by putting out to graze on pasture. 4. (of land) to furnish with pasture. 5. (of livestock) to graze upon. v.i. 6. (of livestock) to graze in a pasture. Idioms: put out to pasture, a. to put in a pasture to graze. b. to dismiss or retire as being past one's prime. [1250–1300; < Middle French < Late Latin pāstūra= Latin pāst(us), past participle of pāscere to feed] pas′tur•al, adj. pas′tur•er, n. pasture
Past participle: pastured
Gerund: pasturing
| Present |
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| I pasture | | you pasture | | he/she/it pastures | | we pasture | | you pasture | | they pasture |
| Preterite |
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| I pastured | | you pastured | | he/she/it pastured | | we pastured | | you pastured | | they pastured |
| Present Continuous |
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| I am pasturing | | you are pasturing | | he/she/it is pasturing | | we are pasturing | | you are pasturing | | they are pasturing |
| Present Perfect |
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| I have pastured | | you have pastured | | he/she/it has pastured | | we have pastured | | you have pastured | | they have pastured |
| Past Continuous |
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| I was pasturing | | you were pasturing | | he/she/it was pasturing | | we were pasturing | | you were pasturing | | they were pasturing |
| Past Perfect |
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| I had pastured | | you had pastured | | he/she/it had pastured | | we had pastured | | you had pastured | | they had pastured |
| Future |
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| I will pasture | | you will pasture | | he/she/it will pasture | | we will pasture | | you will pasture | | they will pasture |
| Future Perfect |
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| I will have pastured | | you will have pastured | | he/she/it will have pastured | | we will have pastured | | you will have pastured | | they will have pastured |
| Future Continuous |
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| I will be pasturing | | you will be pasturing | | he/she/it will be pasturing | | we will be pasturing | | you will be pasturing | | they will be pasturing |
| Present Perfect Continuous |
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| I have been pasturing | | you have been pasturing | | he/she/it has been pasturing | | we have been pasturing | | you have been pasturing | | they have been pasturing |
| Future Perfect Continuous |
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| I will have been pasturing | | you will have been pasturing | | he/she/it will have been pasturing | | we will have been pasturing | | you will have been pasturing | | they will have been pasturing |
| Past Perfect Continuous |
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| I had been pasturing | | you had been pasturing | | he/she/it had been pasturing | | we had been pasturing | | you had been pasturing | | they had been pasturing |
| Conditional |
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| I would pasture | | you would pasture | | he/she/it would pasture | | we would pasture | | you would pasture | | they would pasture |
| Past Conditional |
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| I would have pastured | | you would have pastured | | he/she/it would have pastured | | we would have pastured | | you would have pastured | | they would have pastured |
Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  pasture - a field covered with grass or herbage and suitable for grazing by livestockgrazing land, ley, pastureland, leacommon land, commons - a pasture subject to common usecow pasture - a pasture for cowsgrassland - land where grass or grasslike vegetation grows and is the dominant form of plant liferural area, country - an area outside of cities and towns; "his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country" | | 2. |  pasture - bulky food like grass or hay for browsing or grazing horses or cattleeatage, forage, pasturage, grassfodder - coarse food (especially for livestock) composed of entire plants or the leaves and stalks of a cereal crop | | Verb | 1. | pasture - let feed in a field or pasture or meadowgraze, cropanimal, animate being, beast, creature, fauna, brute - a living organism characterized by voluntary movementfeed, give - give food to; "Feed the starving children in India"; "don't give the child this tough meat"grass - feed with grassgraze, pasture, browse, crop, range - feed as in a meadow or pasture; "the herd was grazing"drift - drive slowly and far afield for grazing; "drift the cattle herds westwards" | | 2. | pasture - feed as in a meadow or pasture; "the herd was grazing"graze, browse, crop, rangeeat, feed - take in food; used of animals only; "This dog doesn't eat certain kinds of meat"; "What do whales eat?"range - let eat; "range the animals in the prairie"pasture, graze, crop - let feed in a field or pasture or meadow |
pasturenoun grassland, grass, meadow, grazing, lea (poetic), grazing land, pasturage, shieling (Scot.) The cows are out now, grazing in the pasture.Translationspasture (ˈpaːstʃə) noun a field or area of ground cove-red with grass for cattle etc to eat. The horses were out in the pasture. 牧場 牧场
pasture
greener pasturesA place or thing that is an improvement on one's current situation. I liked my job here, but it just didn't pay enough, so I had to go to greener pastures.See also: greener, pasturenew pasturesA new job or place to live that offers new experiences or opportunities. Starting next month, I'll be packing up my job with the newspaper and heading off to new pastures. I've loved living in New York City, but it's time to find new pastures.See also: new, pasturepastures newA new job or place to live that offers new experiences or opportunities. Primarily heard in UK. Starting next month, I'll be packing up my job with the newspaper and heading off to pastures new. I've loved living in London, but it's time to find pastures new.See also: new, pastureput (someone or something) out to pasture1. Literally, to retire an animal from working by allowing it roam in a field or pasture. This horse has been my constant companion for the last 15 years on the ranch, but now I think it's about time to put him out to pasture. You ought to put that old donkey out to pasture, don't you think?2. By extension, to force, coerce, or pressure someone into retiring from their work. The CEO shaped the company into what it is today, but she's getting on in years and the board of directors has decided to put her out to pasture.3. By extension to Definition 1, to retire a piece of equipment from use or replace it with something newer. I got through my entire graduate degree on this clunky old laptop, but I think it's finally time to put it out to pasture.See also: out, pasture, putput a horse out to pastureto retire a horse by allowing it to live out its days in a pasture with no work. (See also someone out to pasture">put someone out to pasture.) The horse could no longer work, so we put it out to pasture.See also: horse, out, pasture, putput someone out to pastureFig. to retire someone. (Based on put a horse out to pasture.) Please don't put me out to pasture. I have lots of good years left. This vice president has reached retirement age. It's time to put him out to pasture.See also: out, pasture, putput out to grassAlso, put out to pasture. Cause to retire, as in With mandatory retirement they put you out to grass at age 65, or She's not all that busy now that she's been put out to pasture. These idioms refer to farm animals sent to graze when they are no longer useful for other work. See also: grass, out, putput someone out to pasture If you put someone out to pasture, you make them retire from their job, or move them to an unimportant job, usually because you think that they are too old to be useful. I'm retiring next month. They're putting me out to pasture. He should not yet be put out to pasture. His ministerial experience is valuable. Compare with be put out to grass. Note: When horses have reached the end of their working lives, they are sometimes released into fields (= pasture) to graze. See also: out, pasture, put, someonegreener pastures People talk about greener pastures to mean a better life or situation than the one they are in now. A lot of nurses seek greener pastures overseas. They moved around for years, sometimes even leaving the state for what they thought would be greener pastures.See also: greener, pasturepastures new BRITISHCOMMON If someone moves on to pastures new, they leave their present place or situation and move to a new one. Michael decided he wanted to move on to pastures new for financial reasons. I found myself packing a suitcase and heading for pastures new. Note: You can also talk about moving on to new pastures or fresh pastures. No matter how much we long for new pastures, when we reach them they can seem like a bad idea. Note: This is a quotation from `Lycidas' (1638) by the English poet Milton: `At last he rose, and twitch'd his Mantle blew: Tomorrow to fresh Woods, and Pastures new.' This is sometimes wrongly quoted as `fresh fields and pastures new'. See also: new, pasture(fresh fields and) pastures new a place or activity regarded as offering new opportunities. The expression is a slightly garbled version of a line from Milton's poem Lycidas ( 1637 ): ‘Tomorrow to fresh woods and pastures new’.See also: new, pastureput someone out to pasture force someone to retire.See also: out, pasture, put, someoneput somebody out to ˈpasture (informal, humorous) ask somebody to leave a job because they are getting old; make somebody retire: Isn’t it time some of these politicians were put out to pasture?This expression refers to old farm horses or other animals, which no longer work and stay in the fields (= pastures) all day.See also: out, pasture, put, somebodyˌpastures ˈnew a new job, place to live, way of life, etc: After 10 years as a teacher, Jen felt it was time to move on to pastures new. ♢ Without warning, she left him for pastures new.See also: new, pasture put out to pasture1. To herd (grazing animals) into pasturable land.2. Informal To retire or compel to retire from work or a full workload.See also: out, pasture, putput out to grass/pasture, to beTo be retired from active duty; to rusticate. This term, which refers to animals that are turned out to a meadow or range, particularly a horse that is too old to work, was transferred to human beings as early as the sixteenth century. John Heywood used it in his 1546 proverb collection: “He turnde hir out at doores to grasse on the playne.” See also: grass, out, putpasture
pasture, land used for grazing livestock. Land unsuited for cultivation, e.g., hilly or stony land, may be used as pasture. Tilled land and meadow may be pastured after the crops are removed. Pastures that have been overgrazed and in which such soil-improving practices as liming, fertilizing, and seeding have been neglected lose a part of the feed nutrients required by livestock. Good management of pastures also calls for rotation of animals, because the composition of manure, which affects the nutrients in the soil, varies with the kind of animal being grazed, and also because different animals graze on different species of pasturage plants. Among other requirements are a sufficient water supply, trees to provide shade, and eradication of weeds. Most forage plants seeded in pastures are types of grassgrass,
any plant of the family Poaceae (formerly Gramineae), an important and widely distributed group of vascular plants, having an extraordinary range of adaptation. Numbering approximately 600 genera and 9,000 species, the grasses form the climax vegetation (see ecology) in
..... Click the link for more information. or cloverclover,
any plant of the genus Trifolium, leguminous hay and forage plants of the family Leguminosae (pulse family). Most of the species are native to north temperate or subtropical regions, and all the American cultivated forms have been introduced from Europe.
..... Click the link for more information. . Many are suitable not only for grazing but also for cutting and storage as hayhay,
wild or cultivated plants, chiefly grasses and legumes, mown and dried for use as livestock fodder. Hay is an important factor in cattle raising and is one of the leading crops of the United States. Alfalfa, timothy, and red clover are the principal hay crops.
..... Click the link for more information. . See also rangerange,
large area of land unsuited to cultivation but supporting native grasses and other plants suitable for livestock grazing. Principal areas in the western hemisphere are the pampas of South America and the prairies of the United States and Canada.
..... Click the link for more information. .Pasture a tract of land on which farm animals graze. A distinction is made between natural and manmade pastures. The vegetation of natural pastures consists of wild perennial herbs, lichens (tundra), subshrubs, and shrubs (tundra, semidesert, and desert). Manmade pastures are created by planting a mixture of perennial and annual legumes and grasses (seeCULTIVATED PASTURES). Pastures are one of the principal sources of the most inexpensive yet nutritious green feed for livestock. Almost three-fourths of the green feed needed for agricultural animals in the USSR is provided by pastures. The productivity of agricultural animals kept in pastures is 25 to 40 percent higher than those fed by other means. The quality of products is significantly better, and their prime cost is 20 to 30 percent lower. Animals are put out to pasture when the plants are in the early stages of vegetation and contain the greatest amount of nutrients. The livestock are pastured for 125 to 150 days in the forest zone, about 170 days in the forest-steppe zone, about 200 days in the steppe zone, about 250 days in the semidesert zone, and nearly year-round in the tundra and desert zones. In mountain regions, subalpine and alpine pastures are used for summer transhumant pasturing (for two or three months). In 1972, natural pastures in the USSR (for all types of farms) occupied 329 million hectares, (ha). In addition, reindeer pastures occupied 343 million ha. Pastures make up the majority of agricultural lands in Turkmenistan (more than 96 percent), Uzbekistan (84 percent), Kirghizia (83 percent), Kazakhstan (80 percent), and Tadzhikistan (more than 77 percent). Pastures occupy 10 to 15 percent of all agricultural land in the Ukraine, Latvia, Lithuania, Byelorussia, Moldavia, and the central regions of the RSFSR. Several natural zones with characteristic types of pastures are identified in the USSR. In the tundra and forest-tundra zones, swamps, thickets, and other such areas are used for pastures. The yield of edible material ranges from 0.1 to 4 quintals per ha., depending on the type of pasture. In the forest zone, livestock are pastured in dry valleys, in swamps, and on floodplains. Cattle graze well on all types of pastures, whereas sheep prefer dry valleys. The yield of edible material ranges from 7 to 45 quintals per ha. In the forest-steppe zone, pastures are confined primarily to the southern and eastern slopes and the bottoms of ravines and gulleys. The yield of edible material ranges from 12 to 16 quintals per ha in the Asian part and from 20 to 25 quintals per ha in the European part. The vegetation in the Asian part consists of mixed herbs and reed bent or reed bent and sheep fescue. Pastures in the European part consist of grasses, legumes, and mixed herbs. As one moves from north to south in the steppe zone of the European part of the USSR, the mesophyllic grass and legume vegetation is replaced by feather grass and feather grass-sheep fescue. The yield of edible material ranges from 20 to 25 quintals per ha. Along with feather grass and sheep fescue, pastures in the Asian steppes contain wormwood, sedge, and other plants (the yield of edible material is 10–18 quintals per ha). There are good spring and autumn pastures for fattening cattle. In the southern part of the steppe, near where the terrain changes to semidesert, there are salt marshes that are used as pastures in dry years (yield of edible material is 20 to 40 quintals per ha). The semidesert zone has wormwood-grass, sheep fescue-pyre-thrum, and wormwood-thistle pastures. The first two types are used primarily for grazing sheep, and the third is used for the autumn and winter grazing of sheep and camels. The yield of edible material is 8 to 10 quintals per ha. In the desert zone there are several types of pasture for sheep and camels: ephemeral, wormwood-ephemeral, succulent-thistle, wormwood, wormwood-thistle, wormwood-cereal, and herb-scrub. The yield of edible material is 2 to 10 quintals per ha. Mountain pastures in different regions of the USSR have their own characteristic features, but a vertical zonality in terms of composition is common to them all. Thus, the pastures of mountain regions are divided into semidesert (occupying the foothills and lowest parts of the mountains), mountain-steppe, meadow-steppe, mountain-forest, subalpine, and alpine types. The best among these are the mountain-forest and subalpine pastures. Mountain-forest pastures are used in the summer to graze dairy cattle; their yield of edible material is 30 to 45 quintals per ha. Subalpine meadows are good summer pastures for cattle; they also produce good quality hay. The yield of edible green mass reaches 50 quintals per ha. Agricultural animals are put out to graze in mountain pastures in the spring. They graze in semidesert and mountain-steppe pastures, and later the herds are driven to the forest-steppe and forested belts of the mountains and to the subalpine belt. Cattle stay at this elevation until the end of the season, but sheep and goats are driven directly to the alpine pastures. The average productivity of natural pastures in the USSR as a whole is 13 quintals of edible materials per ha. The least productive pastures are the desert pastures of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan. The productivity of natural pastures may be increased through proper utilization and the application of meliorative measures. Pasture maintenance involves alternating livestock grazing, mowing, and implementing measures to control herbage. The pasture rotation system includes enclosed grazing, top-dressing with fertilizers, mowing uneaten plants, controlling weeds and noxious plants, leaving herbage with valuable fodder plants until the seeds are dropped (natural seeding), planting leguminous and cereal seeds to increase the number of such plants in the pasture, and retaining or diverting meltwater. In foreign countries, natural feed lands are not divided into pastures and hayfields as is done in the USSR. Such lands are considered “nonarable” and, depending on the needs of the farms, are used for grazing, for hay, or for both. Such pastures make up the highest proportion of all agricultural land in Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain, the United States, and Spain (see Table 1). | Table 1. Hayfields and pastures in selected countries |
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| | Area millions of ha) | Percent of all agricultural land |
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| Australia.................... | 362.3 | 94.2 | | United States................. | 256.0 | 57.5 | | Spain ..................... | 23.1 | 54.0 | | Canada .................... | 20.8 | 29.9 | | New Zealand................. | 12.6 | 93.2 | | Great Britain ................. | 12.5 | 63.3 | | France ..................... | 12.3 | 24.4 | | Federal Republic of Germany ....... | 5.7 | 40.1 | | Poland..................... | 5.2 | 24.2 | | Italy ...................... | 5.2 | 24.6 |
REFERENCESAgababian, Sh. M. Gornye senokosy i pastbishcha. Moscow, 1959.
Sobolev, L. N. Kormovye resursy Kazakhstana. Moscow, 1960.
Toomre, R. I. Dolgoletnie kul’turnye pastbischcha. Moscow, 1966.
Smelov, S. P. Teoreticheskie osnovy lugovodstva. Moscow, 1966.
Larin, I. V. (ed.) Senokosy i pastbishcha. Moscow-Leningrad, 1969.
Movsisiants, A. P. Ispol’zovanie pastbishch. Moscow, 1969.
Gaevskaia, L. S. Karakulevodcheskie pastbishcha Srednei Azii. Tashkent, 1971.A. P. MOVSISIANTS LegalSeePasturespasture
Synonyms for pasturenoun grasslandSynonyms- grassland
- grass
- meadow
- grazing
- lea
- grazing land
- pasturage
- shieling
Synonyms for pasturenoun a field covered with grass or herbage and suitable for grazing by livestockSynonyms- grazing land
- ley
- pastureland
- lea
Related Words- common land
- commons
- cow pasture
- grassland
- rural area
- country
noun bulky food like grass or hay for browsing or grazing horses or cattleSynonyms- eatage
- forage
- pasturage
- grass
Related Wordsverb let feed in a field or pasture or meadowSynonymsRelated Words- animal
- animate being
- beast
- creature
- fauna
- brute
- feed
- give
- grass
- graze
- pasture
- browse
- crop
- range
- drift
verb feed as in a meadow or pastureSynonymsRelated Words- eat
- feed
- range
- pasture
- graze
- crop
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