| 释义 |
variance
var·i·ance V0028600 (vâr′ē-əns, văr′-)n.1. The state or quality of being variant or variable; variation: considerable variance in temperature across the region.2. a. Difference or inconsistency: Your behavior is at variance with your beliefs.b. The state or fact of being in disagreement or in conflict: I am at variance with her over who should pay for the damage.3. Law a. A discrepancy between two statements or documents, especially between the charge in a criminal indictment and the evidence presented.b. An exception to the application of a usual rule, granted by an authority on the basis of hardship or practicality: a zoning variance.4. Statistics The square of the standard deviation.5. Chemistry The number of thermodynamic variables, such as temperature and pressure, required to specify a state of equilibrium of a system, given by the phase rule; the degrees of freedom of a system.variance (ˈvɛərɪəns) n1. the act of varying or the quality, state, or degree of being divergent; discrepancy2. an instance of diverging; dissension: our variance on this matter should not affect our friendship. 3. at variance a. (often foll by with) (of facts, etc) not in accord; conflictingb. (of persons) in a state of dissension4. (Statistics) statistics a measure of dispersion obtained by taking the mean of the squared deviations of the observed values from their mean in a frequency distribution5. (Law) a difference or discrepancy between two steps in a legal proceeding, esp between a statement in a pleading and the evidence given to support it6. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) (in the US and Canada) a licence or authority issued by the board of variance to contravene the usual rule, esp to build contrary to the provision of a zoning code7. (Chemistry) chem the number of degrees of freedom of a system, used in the phase rule8. (Accounting & Book-keeping) accounting the difference between actual and standard costs of productionvar•i•ance (ˈvɛər i əns)
n. 1. the state of being variable or different. 2. an instance of varying. 3. Statistics. the square of the standard deviation. 4. the number of degrees of freedom of a physical system. 5. Law. a. a discrepancy, as between two sworn statements. b. a departure from the cause of action originally stated in a legal complaint. 6. a permit to do something normally regulated by law. 7. a disagreement or dispute. Idioms: at variance, in a state of disagreement. [1300–50; Middle English < Latin] Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | variance - an event that departs from expectationsvariant, discrepancydeviation, difference, divergence, departure - a variation that deviates from the standard or norm; "the deviation from the mean" | | 2. | variance - discord that splits a groupdivisiondissension, discord - disagreement among those expected to cooperate | | 3. | variance - the second moment around the mean; the expected value of the square of the deviations of a random variable from its mean valuestatistics - a branch of applied mathematics concerned with the collection and interpretation of quantitative data and the use of probability theory to estimate population parametersmoment - the n-th moment of a distribution is the expected value of the n-th power of the deviations from a fixed valuestandard deviation - the square root of the variancecovariance - (statistics) the mean value of the product of the deviations of two variates from their respective means | | 4. |  variance - a difference between conflicting facts or claims or opinions; "a growing divergence of opinion"discrepancy, disagreement, divergencedifference - the quality of being unlike or dissimilar; "there are many differences between jazz and rock"leeway, allowance, tolerance, margin - a permissible difference; allowing some freedom to move within limits | | 5. |  variance - the quality of being subject to variationvariability, variablenesschangeability, changeableness - the quality of being changeable; having a marked tendency to change; "the changeableness of the weather"variedness - characterized by variationvariegation - variability in colorationpersonal equation - variability attributable to individual differences | | 6. | variance - an official dispensation to act contrary to a rule or regulation (typically a building regulation); "a zoning variance"dispensation - an exemption from some rule or obligation | | 7. |  variance - an activity that varies from a norm or standard; "any variation in his routine was immediately reported"variationactivity - any specific behavior; "they avoided all recreational activity" |
variancenoun difference, contrast, discrepancy, variation, disagreement, contradiction, inconsistency, deviation, divergence, incongruity, dissimilarity the variances in the stock price
difference agreement, similarity, correspondence, accord, unison, congruityat variance in disagreement, conflicting, at odds, in opposition, out of line, at loggerheads, at sixes and sevens (informal), out of harmony Many of his statements are at variance with the facts.variancenoun1. The condition or fact of varying:difference, variation.2. A state of disagreement and disharmony:clash, conflict, confrontation, contention, difference, difficulty, disaccord, discord, discordance, dissension, dissent, dissentience, dissidence, dissonance, faction, friction, inharmony, schism, strife, war, warfare.Translationsvariance
at variance (with)In disagreement (with someone or something). We're doing the experiment again because our results are at variance. Our fact-checker found that the witness's story was completely at variance with what the reporter had written.See also: varianceat varianceDiffering, discrepant; also, in a state of conflict. For example, John's and Mary's answers are at variance means that their answers do not agree, or John was at variance with his in-laws means that he strongly disagreed or quarreled with them. [Early 1500s] See also: varianceat ˈvariance (with somebody/something) (formal) disagreeing with or opposing somebody/something: These conclusions are totally at variance with the evidence.See also: variancevariance
variance1. a difference or discrepancy between two steps in a legal proceeding, esp between a statement in a pleading and the evidence given to support it 2. (in the US and Canada) a licence or authority issued by the board of variance to contravene the usual rule, esp to build contrary to the provision of a zoning code 3. Chem the number of degrees of freedom of a system, used in the phase rule VarianceThe waiving of a zoning restriction, such as the width of a side yard, for a particular site, typically approved by a Board of Zoning Adjustments, or similar body upon appeal by an owner for hardship reasons. variance see MEASURES OF DISPERSION.variance[′ver·ē·əns] (statistics) The square of the standard deviation. varianceA written authorization, from the responsible agency, permitting construction in a manner which is not allowed by code or other regulations.variance
deviation [de″ve-a´shun] 1. a turning away from the regular standard or course.2. in ophthalmology, strabismus.3. in statistics, the difference between a sample value and the mean.axis deviation an axis shift in the frontal plane, as seen on an electrocardiogram. There are three types: Left, from −30° to −90°; Right, from +90° to +180°; and Undetermined, which may be either extreme left or extreme right, from −90° to +180°.conjugate deviation dysfunction of the ocular muscles causing the two eyes to diverge to the same side when at rest.sexual deviation sexual behavior or fantasy outside that which is morally, biologically, or legally sanctioned, often specifically one of the paraphilias" >paraphilias.standard deviation (SD) the dispersion of a random variable; a measure of the amount by which each value deviates from the mean. It is equal to the square root of the variance. For data that have a normal distribution, about 68 per cent of the data points fall within (plus or minus) one standard deviation from the mean and about 95 per cent fall within (plus or minus) two standard deviations. Symbol σ.ulnar deviation a hand deformity, seen in chronic arthritis" >rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus, in which swelling of the metacarpophalangeal joints causes the fingers to become displaced to the ulnar side. Called also ulnar drift. See illustration. Ulnar deviation (ulnar drift) of the metacarpophalangeal joint, a characteristic sign of rheumatoid arthritis. From Pedretti and Early, 2001.var·i·ance (var'ē-ăns), 1. The state of being variable, different, divergent, or deviate; a degree of deviation. 2. A measure of the variation shown by a set of observations, defined as the sum of squares of deviations from the mean, divided by the number of degrees of freedom in the set of observations. variance A measure of the variability in a sample or population, which is calculated as the mean squared deviation (MSD) of the individual values from their common mean. In calculating the MSD, the divisor n is commonly used for a population variance and the divisor n-1 for a sample variance.var·i·ance (var'ē-ăns) 1. The state of being variable, different, divergent, or deviate; a degree of deviation. 2. A measure of the variation shown by a set of observations, defined as the sum of squares of deviations from the mean, divided by the number of degrees of freedom in the set of observations. variance (s2) (in statistics) the variation around the ARITHMETIC MEAN. It is calculated as the average squared deviation of all observations from their mean value. The square root of variance is the STANDARD DEVIATIONVariance
Related to Variance: standard deviation, variance analysisVarianceThe discrepancy between what a party to a lawsuit alleges will be proved in pleadings and what the party actually proves at trial. In Zoning law, an official permit to use property in a manner that departs from the way in which other property in the same locality can be used. The term variance is used both in litigation and in zoning law. In both instances it has the general meaning of a difference or divergence. A party to a civil lawsuit or a prosecutor in a criminal trial must prove the allegations set forth in a complaint, indictment, or information. If there is a substantial difference or discrepancy between the allegations and the proof offered in support, a variance exists. For example, if the crime of Robbery is alleged and the crime of Burglary is proved instead, the failure of proof on the robbery charge constitutes a variance that will lead to the dismissal of the case. Most U.S. communities have zoning laws that control and direct the development of property within their borders according to its present and potential uses. Typically, a community is divided into zoning districts based on the type of use permitted: residential, commercial, and industrial. Additional restrictions may limit population density and building height within these districts. A variance is an exception to one or more of the zoning restrictions on a piece of property. A variance is different from a nonconforming use, which permits existing structures and uses to continue when zoning is first instituted. Once a zoning plan has been established, a property owner who wishes to diverge from it must seek a variance from the municipal government. The variance will be granted when "unnecessary hardship" would result to the landowner if it were denied. Although other forms of administrative relief from zoning restrictions are available, such as rezoning the area, variances are most frequently used. There are two types of variances: area variances and use variances. An area variance is usually not controversial because it is generally granted due to some odd configuration of the lot or some peculiar natural condition that prevents normal construction in compliance with zoning restrictions. For example, if the odd shape of a lot prevents a house from being set back the minimum number of feet from the street, the municipality will usually relax the requirement. Use variances are more controversial because they attempt a change in the permitted use. For example, if a lot is zoned single-family residential, a person who wishes to build a multi-family dwelling must obtain a variance. Residents of an area will generally object to applications for variances that seek to change the character of their neighborhood. Although the municipality may heed these objections, it will likely grant the variance if it believes unnecessary hardship would result without the variance. If, however, the owner seeking a variance for a multifamily dwelling bought the property with notice of the current zoning restrictions, the variance will probably be denied. Applicants for a variance cannot argue hardship based on actions they commit that result in self-induced hardship.If many use variances are sought in a particular area on the basis of unique or peculiar circumstances, it may be a sign that the entire neighborhood needs to be rezoned rather than forcing property owners to seek variances in a piecemeal fashion. Properly used, variances provide a remedy for hardships affecting a single lot or a relatively small area. Cross-references Land-Use Control; Setback. variancen. 1) an exception to a zoning ordinance, authorized by the appropriate governmental body such as a planning commission, zoning board, county commissioners, or city council. Example: the zoning ordinance requires that no residences can be built within 10 feet of a property's back line, but due to the odd shape of May Matheson's property, she needs to build her dream house within five feet of the property line at one point. The local zoning board listens to her plea, finds that the neighbors do not object, and grants her a variance to build closer to the back line. 2) a difference between what the prosecution has charged and what it has proved against a criminal defendant. 3) a difference between what is alleged in a civil complaint and what is proved. A substantial variance may be fatal to the prosecution's case against the accused or fatal to a plaintiff's (the person who filed the suit) lawsuit. In each case the judge can dismiss the case as a matter of law, without sending the factual issues to the jury. In criminal cases the test of a fatal variance is somewhat stricter than in a civil lawsuit, since a minor difference between the charge and the proof may mislead the defendant and deny him/her "due process." (See: dismissal, proof) VARIANCE, pleading, evidence. A disagreement or difference between two parts of the same legal proceeding, which ought to agree together. Variances are between the writ and the declaration, and between the declaration and the evidence.
2.-1. When the variance is a matter of substance, as if the writ sounds in contract, and the other in tort, and e converso, or if the writ demands one thing or subject, and the declaration another, advantage may be taken of it, even in arrest of judgment; for it is the writ which gives authority to the court to proceed in any given suit, and, therefore, the court can have no authority to hear and determine a cause substantially different from that in the writ. Hob. 279; Cro. Eliz. 722. But if the variance is in matter of mere form, as in time or place, when that circumstance is immaterial, advantage can only be taken of it by plea in abatement. Yelv. 120; Latch. 173; Bac. Ab. Abatement, I; Gould, Pl. c. 5, Sec. 98 1 Chit. Pl. 438.
3.-2. A variance by disagreement in some particular point or points only between the allegation and the evidence, when upon a material point, is as fatal to the party on whom the proof lies, as a total failure of evidence. For example; the plaintiff declared in covenant for not repairing, pursuant to the covenant in a lease, and stated the covenant, as a covenant to "repair when and as need should require;" and issue was joined on a traverse of the deed alleged. The plaintiff at the trial produced the deed in proof, and it appeared that the covenant was to "repair when and as need should require, and at farthest after notice:" the latter words having been omitted in the declaration. This was held to be a variance, because the additional words were material, and qualified the effect of the contract. 7 Taunt. 385. But a variance in mere form or in matter quite immaterial, will not be regarded. Str. 690. Vide 1 Vin. Ab. 41; 12 Vin. Ab. 63; 21 Vin. Ab. 538 Com. Dig. Abatement, G 8, H 7; Id.; Amendment, D 7, 8, V 3: Bail, R 7; Obligation, B 4; Pleader, C 14, 15, L 24, 30; Record, C, D, F; Phil. Ev. Index, 11. t. Stark. Ev. Index, h.t., Roscoe's Ev. Index, h.t.; 18 E. C. L. R. 139, 149, 153 1 Dougl. 194; 2 Salk. 659; Harr. Dig. h.t. Chit. Pl. Index, h.t.; United States Dig. Pleading II, d and e; Bouv. Inst. Index: h.t. variance
VarianceA measure of dispersion of a set of data points around their mean value. The mathematical expectation of the average squared deviations from the mean. The square root of the variance is the standard deviation.Variance1. In accounting, the difference between the estimated and actual cost of a project or other operation.
2. In risk, the average deviation of a set of data points from their mean.variance A statistical measure of the variability of measured datum from the average value of the set of data. A high variance, indicating relatively great variability, also indicates that the average is of minimal use in projecting future values for the data. Standard deviation is the square root of variance. Financial analysts use both statistical measures to weigh investment risk. Compare covariance. See also risk.variance - the difference between budgeted and actual results (see BUDGETING), or between STANDARD COSTS/revenues and actual costs/revenues. Variances can be:
- adverse or negative when actual revenues fall short of budget or standard, or when actual costs exceed budget or standard;
- favourable or positive when actual revenues exceed budget or standard, or when actual costs are less than budget or standard.
- a measure of variation within a group of numerical observations, specifically the average of the squared deviations of the observations from the group AVERAGE.
See STANDARD DEVIATION. variancePermission to use a property in a manner that does not meet current zoning requirements.In order to gain a variance,the property owner usually has to show a hardship on the property—not on the owner—if the requested use is not allowed. It is considered a hardship if the property will otherwise remain vacant or if a structurally sound improvement must be demolished to allow some other use. Buyers with a signed purchase contract can usually petition for a variance; this is commonly one of the steps in a due diligence plan that must be completed in a satisfactory manner before the buyer will purchase property. variance
Related to variance: standard deviation, variance analysisSynonyms for variancenoun differenceSynonyms- difference
- contrast
- discrepancy
- variation
- disagreement
- contradiction
- inconsistency
- deviation
- divergence
- incongruity
- dissimilarity
Antonyms- agreement
- similarity
- correspondence
- accord
- unison
- congruity
phrase at varianceSynonyms- in disagreement
- conflicting
- at odds
- in opposition
- out of line
- at loggerheads
- at sixes and sevens
- out of harmony
Synonyms for variancenoun the condition or fact of varyingSynonymsnoun a state of disagreement and disharmonySynonyms- clash
- conflict
- confrontation
- contention
- difference
- difficulty
- disaccord
- discord
- discordance
- dissension
- dissent
- dissentience
- dissidence
- dissonance
- faction
- friction
- inharmony
- schism
- strife
- war
- warfare
Synonyms for variancenoun an event that departs from expectationsSynonymsRelated Words- deviation
- difference
- divergence
- departure
noun discord that splits a groupSynonymsRelated Wordsnoun the second moment around the meanRelated Words- statistics
- moment
- standard deviation
- covariance
noun a difference between conflicting facts or claims or opinionsSynonyms- discrepancy
- disagreement
- divergence
Related Words- difference
- leeway
- allowance
- tolerance
- margin
noun the quality of being subject to variationSynonymsRelated Words- changeability
- changeableness
- variedness
- variegation
- personal equation
noun an official dispensation to act contrary to a rule or regulation (typically a building regulation)Related Wordsnoun an activity that varies from a norm or standardSynonymsRelated Words |