pathogenic microorganism

Any microorganism capable of injuring its host, e.g., by competing with it for metabolic resources, destroying its cells or tissues, or secreting toxins. The injurious microorganisms include viruses, bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, protozoa, and some helminths. Pathogenic microorganisms may be carried from one host to another as follows: Animal sources: Some organisms are pathogenic for animals as well as humans and may be communicated to humans through direct or indirect contact. Airborne: Pathogenic microorganisms such as rhinoviruses, mycobacteria, or varicella may be discharged into the air, from which infectious droplets may be inhaled by exposed persons. Bloodborne: Infections such as cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B or C, HIV/AIDS, malaria, or West Nile virus may be spread from person-to-person by injection drug use, organ transplantation, or transfusion. Contact infections: Direct transmission of microorganisms can occur by skin-to-skin or intimate body contact, as in many sexually transmitted diseases. Foodborne: Food and water may contain pathogenic organisms acquired from the handling of the food by infected persons or through fecal or insect contamination. Fomites: Inanimate objects such as linens, books, cooking utensils, or clothing that can harbor microorganisms and could serve to transport them from one location to another. Human carriers: Asymptomatic individuals (e.g., “typhoid Mary”) may harbor microorganisms without injury but transmit disease to others. Arthropod vectors: Insects, ticks, fleas, mosquitoes, and mites may transmit diseases by biting their hosts and depositing microorganisms into the blood. Soilborne: Spore-forming organisms (e.g., tetanus) in the soil may enter the body through a cut or wound. Vegetables and fruits, esp. root crops, may transmit microorganisms to the gastrointestinal tract.

Patient care

In health care settings such as clinics, hospitals, nursing homes and care facilities, hand hygiene before and after patient contact can do more than any other intervention to limit the spread of pathogenic microorganisms to patients. Hand hygiene is also the most effective preventive measure in the home and should be taught when handling food, after using the toilet, after handling nasal secretions or sputum, and before or after providing care to children, sick relatives, or other close contacts who have transmissible illnesses or risk factors (such as immune-suppressing illnesses) that predispose them to infection. Vaccination is another potent tool against the spread of pathogenic microorganisms, as is quarantine or “social distancing.”

单词	pathogenic microorganism
释义	DictionarySeemicroorganism pathogenic microorganism pathogenic microorganism Any microorganism capable of injuring its host, e.g., by competing with it for metabolic resources, destroying its cells or tissues, or secreting toxins. The injurious microorganisms include viruses, bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, protozoa, and some helminths. Pathogenic microorganisms may be carried from one host to another as follows: Animal sources: Some organisms are pathogenic for animals as well as humans and may be communicated to humans through direct or indirect contact. Airborne: Pathogenic microorganisms such as rhinoviruses, mycobacteria, or varicella may be discharged into the air, from which infectious droplets may be inhaled by exposed persons. Bloodborne: Infections such as cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B or C, HIV/AIDS, malaria, or West Nile virus may be spread from person-to-person by injection drug use, organ transplantation, or transfusion. Contact infections: Direct transmission of microorganisms can occur by skin-to-skin or intimate body contact, as in many sexually transmitted diseases. Foodborne: Food and water may contain pathogenic organisms acquired from the handling of the food by infected persons or through fecal or insect contamination. Fomites: Inanimate objects such as linens, books, cooking utensils, or clothing that can harbor microorganisms and could serve to transport them from one location to another. Human carriers: Asymptomatic individuals (e.g., “typhoid Mary”) may harbor microorganisms without injury but transmit disease to others. Arthropod vectors: Insects, ticks, fleas, mosquitoes, and mites may transmit diseases by biting their hosts and depositing microorganisms into the blood. Soilborne: Spore-forming organisms (e.g., tetanus) in the soil may enter the body through a cut or wound. Vegetables and fruits, esp. root crops, may transmit microorganisms to the gastrointestinal tract. Patient care In health care settings such as clinics, hospitals, nursing homes and care facilities, hand hygiene before and after patient contact can do more than any other intervention to limit the spread of pathogenic microorganisms to patients. Hand hygiene is also the most effective preventive measure in the home and should be taught when handling food, after using the toilet, after handling nasal secretions or sputum, and before or after providing care to children, sick relatives, or other close contacts who have transmissible illnesses or risk factors (such as immune-suppressing illnesses) that predispose them to infection. Vaccination is another potent tool against the spread of pathogenic microorganisms, as is quarantine or “social distancing.” See also: microorganism
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