| 单词 | royalty | ||||||
| 释义 | royaltyroy·al·tyR0329300 (roi′əl-tē)royalty(ˈrɔɪəltɪ)roy•al•ty(ˈrɔɪ əl ti)n., pl. -ties. Royaltyroyal persons collectively, 1480.
royal(ˈroiəl) adjectiveroyaltyroyaltyRoyalty(religion, spiritualism, and occult)European royalty has been associated with witchcraft in various ways over the centuries. Most notably, England's King James I (while still James VI of Scotland) became the object of the North Berwick witches' magical malfeasance under the direction of Francis, Earl of Bothwell in 1590. This led to the king's great fear of witchcraft, which affected even his translation of the Christian Bible. He subsequently enacted the Witchcraft Act of 1604. Much earlier than that, in the eleventh century, King Cnut had passed a law forbidding paganism, or "heathenism," and those who "worship heathen gods . . . (and) love witchcraft." Henry IV was informed that Lincolnshire was full of witches and sorcerers, and he ordered the bishop of that county to seek them out and imprison them. Henry VIII enacted a law against witchcraft, enchantments, and sorceries, although that was repealed by Edward VI in 1547. Queen Elizabeth I's reign saw strong efforts to put onto the statute books severe penalties for witchcraft, sorcery, and conjuring in 1563. King Charles I was involved, to a small degree, with the witches of Lancashire in the mid-seventeenth century. During the reigns of Charles II and James II the courts were active in persecuting witchcraft, but none of this was directly connected to the throne. In 1736 George II finally repealed Charles I's Witchcraft Act. Next to James I's involvement, the most notable royal-pagan connection was with Edward III and the Countess of Salisbury in 1344 and the founding of the Order of the Garter. Margaret Murray proposed a theory of the divine king, in which she saw as ritual the deaths of King Osred of Northumbria in 792, King Edmund in 946, William Rufus in 1100, and various rulers of France, Scandinavia, and elsewhere. Although she presented interesting evidence for these and other possible divine victims, her theories are generally discounted. RoyaltyRoyaltyCompensation for the use of property, usually copyrighted works, patented inventions, or natural resources, expressed as a percentage of receipts from using the property or as a payment for each unit produced. When a person creates a book, song, play, or painting, the work is considered Intellectual Property. Similarly, when an inventor receives a patent on his invention, the inventor has intellectual property rights in the thing created. Typically, authors, songwriters, composers, playwrights, and inventors do not have the financial ability to fully exploit the commercial use of their creations. They must turn to businesses that specialize in the marketing of intellectual property. When a business obtains the right to market the creation, the creator usually receives compensation in the form of a royalty. A royalty agreement is part of the contract that the creator of the work negotiates with the business that seeks to exploit the creation. A royalty can be as simple as a fixed amount of money for each copy of a book or compact disc sold by the business. For example, a novelist agrees to let a publisher publish her new book. For granting the publisher the rights to the book, the novelist will receive $3 for each copy sold. If the novelist is a best-selling author, the publisher may agree to a higher royalty rate. Book and music publishers sometimes give an advance against royalties to an author or musician when the contract is signed. For example, the novelist might receive $5,000 as an advance against her royalties. In this case the publisher will keep the first $5,000 of the royalties to cover the cash advance. Typically, if the book failed to produce enough royalties to cover the advance, the publisher would write off the difference as a loss. However, a publisher might sue an author to recover an advance if the author never produces a publishable manuscript. A playwright's royalty may be based on a percentage of the box office receipts from each performance of the play. An inventor's royalty might be an amount per unit sold or a percentage of the profits generated by the invention. In some cases it might be both. Because a royalty is one of the terms negotiated in a contract, the type and amount will depend on the bargaining power of the parties. Under the law royalties are Personal Property. When a person dies, the heirs receive the royalties. For example, when Elvis Presley died, his estate went to his daughter Lisa Marie, who now collects the royalties from the music company that sells her father's recordings.Royalty agreements are also used in the mineral and gas industries. These agreements have much in common with the origin of the term. For many centuries in Great Britain, the Crown owned all the gold and silver mines. A private business could mine these "royal" metals only if it made a payment, a royalty, to the Crown. When, for example, a petroleum company wants to drill for oil on a person's land, the company negotiates a royalty agreement with the owner of the mineral rights. If the company strikes oil, the owner of the mineral rights will receive a royalty based on a percentage of the barrels pumped out of the wells. The owner may receive the royalty in kind (the actual oil) or in value (the dollar amount agreed to in the contract), based on the total production from the property. The schedule for royalty payments is specified in the contract. Quarterly or annual payments are typical. The royalty owner has the right to make an independent accounting of the business records to ensure that the figures upon which the royalty is based are accurate. Cross-referencesCopyright; Entertainment Law; Literary Property; Mine and Mineral Law; Music Publishing; Patents; Publishing Law. royaltyn. a percentage of gross or net profit or a fixed amount per sale to which a creator of a work is entitled which is determined by contract between the creator and the manufacturer, publisher, agent, and/or distributor. Inventors, authors, movie makers, scriptwriters, music composers, musicians, and other creators contract with the manufacturers, publishers, movie production companies and distributors, as well as producers and distributors for a license to manufacture and/or sell the product, who pay a royalty to the creator based on a percentage of funds received. Should someone use another person's creation either purposely or by mistake, the user could be found liable to the creator for all profits on the basis of copyright or patent infringement, which usually is far more than a royalty. However, a creator does not have to license his/her creation to anyone. (See: copyright, patent, infringement) royaltyRoyaltyRoyaltyroyaltyroyaltyan agreed payment made to the owner of an INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT, for example, a PATENT or COPYRIGHT, for the grant of an exclusive or nonexclusive LICENCE or FRANCHISE to produce and sell for profit the item concerned.royaltyCompensation for the use of property,usually copyrighted material or minerals,including oil and gas. Payment is generally calculated as a percentage of receipts and may be paid in cash or in kind. Royaltyroyalty
Synonyms for royalty
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royalty - payment to the holder of a patent or copyright or resource for the right to use their property; "he received royalties on his book"
royalty - royal persons collectively; "the wedding was attended by royalty"