preserve

pre·serve

P0539300 (prĭ-zûrv′)v. pre·served, pre·serv·ing, pre·serves v.tr.1. To keep from injury, peril, or harm; protect. See Synonyms at defend.2. To keep in perfect or unaltered condition; maintain unchanged: fossils preserved in sediments; a film preserved in the archives.3. To keep or maintain intact: tried to preserve family harmony.4. To prepare (food) for storage or future use, as by canning or salting.5. To prevent (organic bodies) from decaying or spoiling: preserved the specimen in a chemical solution.6. a. To protect (wildlife or natural resources) in a designated area, often for regulated hunting or fishing.b. To maintain (an area) for the protection of wildlife or natural resources.v.intr.1. To treat fruit or other foods so as to prevent decay.2. To maintain an area for the protection of wildlife or natural resources.n.1. Something that acts to preserve; a preservative.2. often preserves Fruit cooked with sugar to protect against decay or fermentation.3. An area maintained for the protection of wildlife or natural resources.4. Something considered as being the exclusive province of certain persons: Ancient Greek is the preserve of scholars.

[Middle English preserven, from Old French preserver, from Medieval Latin praeservāre, from Late Latin, to observe beforehand : Latin prae-, pre- + Latin servāre, to guard, preserve; see ser- in Indo-European roots.]

pre·serv′a·bil′i·ty n.pre·serv′a·ble adj.pres′er·va′tion (prĕz′ər-vā′shən) n.pre·serv′er n.

preserve

(prɪˈzɜːv) vb (mainly tr) 1. to keep safe from danger or harm; protect2. to protect from decay or dissolution; maintain: to preserve old buildings. 3. to maintain possession of; keep up: to preserve a façade of indifference. 4. to prevent from decomposition or chemical change5. (Cookery) to prepare (food), as by freezing, drying, or salting, so that it will resist decomposition6. (Cookery) to make preserves of (fruit, etc)7. (Agriculture) to rear and protect (game) in restricted places for hunting or fishing8. (Agriculture) (intr) to maintain protection and favourable conditions for game in preservesn9. something that preserves or is preserved10. a special area or domain: archaeology is the preserve of specialists. 11. (Cookery) (usually plural) fruit, etc, prepared by cooking with sugar12. (Hunting) an area where game is reared for private hunting or fishing[C14: via Old French, from Late Latin praeservāre literally: to keep safe in advance, from Latin prae- before + servāre to keep safe] preˈservable adj preˌservaˈbility n preˈservably adv preservation n preˈserver n

pre•serve

(prɪˈzɜrv)

v. -served, -serv•ing,
n. v.t. 1. to keep alive or in existence; make lasting: to preserve our liberties as free citizens. 2. to keep safe from harm or injury; protect or spare. 3. to keep up; maintain: to preserve historical monuments. 4. to keep possession of; retain: to preserve one's composure. 5. to prepare (food or any perishable substance) so as to resist decomposition or fermentation. 6. to prepare (fruit, vegetables, etc.) by cooking with sugar, pickling, canning, or the like. 7. to maintain and reserve (game, fish, etc.) for continued survival or for private use, as in hunting or fishing. v.i. 8. to preserve fruit, vegetables, etc.; make preserves. 9. to maintain a preserve for game or fish, esp. for sport. n. 10. something that preserves. 11. that which is preserved. 12. Usu., preserves. fruit, vegetables, etc., prepared by cooking with sugar. 13. a place set apart for protection and propagation of game or fish, esp. for sport. [1325–75; Middle English < Medieval Latin praeservāre to guard (Late Latin: to observe) = Latin prae- pre- + servāre to watch over, keep, preserve] pre•serv′a•ble, adj. pre•serv′er, n.

preserve

Past participle: preserved
Gerund: preserving

Imperative
preserve
preserve

Present
I preserve
you preserve
he/she/it preserves
we preserve
you preserve
they preserve

Preterite
I preserved
you preserved
he/she/it preserved
we preserved
you preserved
they preserved

Present Continuous
I am preserving
you are preserving
he/she/it is preserving
we are preserving
you are preserving
they are preserving

Present Perfect
I have preserved
you have preserved
he/she/it has preserved
we have preserved
you have preserved
they have preserved

Past Continuous
I was preserving
you were preserving
he/she/it was preserving
we were preserving
you were preserving
they were preserving

Past Perfect
I had preserved
you had preserved
he/she/it had preserved
we had preserved
you had preserved
they had preserved

Future
I will preserve
you will preserve
he/she/it will preserve
we will preserve
you will preserve
they will preserve

Future Perfect
I will have preserved
you will have preserved
he/she/it will have preserved
we will have preserved
you will have preserved
they will have preserved

Future Continuous
I will be preserving
you will be preserving
he/she/it will be preserving
we will be preserving
you will be preserving
they will be preserving

Present Perfect Continuous
I have been preserving
you have been preserving
he/she/it has been preserving
we have been preserving
you have been preserving
they have been preserving

Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been preserving
you will have been preserving
he/she/it will have been preserving
we will have been preserving
you will have been preserving
they will have been preserving

Past Perfect Continuous
I had been preserving
you had been preserving
he/she/it had been preserving
we had been preserving
you had been preserving
they had been preserving

Conditional
I would preserve
you would preserve
he/she/it would preserve
we would preserve
you would preserve
they would preserve

Past Conditional
I would have preserved
you would have preserved
he/she/it would have preserved
we would have preserved
you would have preserved
they would have preserved

preserve

To treat food so that it keeps in good condition.

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	preserve - a domain that seems to be specially reserved for someone; "medicine is no longer a male preserve"arena, domain, sphere, orbit, area, field - a particular environment or walk of life; "his social sphere is limited"; "it was a closed area of employment"; "he's out of my orbit"
	2.	preserve - a reservation where animals are protectedreservation, reserve - a district that is reserved for particular purposeshooting preserve - a preserve on which hunting is permitted during certain months of the year
	3.	preserve - fruit preserved by cooking with sugarconserve, conserves, preservesconfiture - preserved or candied fruitapple butter - thick dark spicy puree of appleschowchow - a Chinese preserve of mixed fruits and gingerjam - preserve of crushed fruitlemon cheese, lemon curd - a conserve with a thick consistency; made with lemons and butter and eggs and sugarjelly - a preserve made of the jelled juice of fruitmarmalade - a preserve made of the pulp and rind of citrus fruits
Verb	1.	preserve - keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last; "preserve the peace in the family"; "continue the family tradition"; "Carry on the old traditions"uphold, carry on, continue, bear onresume, restart, re-start - take up or begin anew; "We resumed the negotiations"hang in, persevere, persist, hang on, hold on - be persistent, refuse to stop; "he persisted to call me every night"; "The child persisted and kept asking questions"go forward, proceed, continue - move ahead; travel onward in time or space; "We proceeded towards Washington"; "She continued in the direction of the hills"; "We are moving ahead in time now"perpetuate - cause to continue or prevail; "perpetuate a myth"sustain, keep up, prolong - lengthen or extend in duration or space; "We sustained the diplomatic negotiations as long as possible"; "prolong the treatment of the patient"; "keep up the good work"mummify - preserve while making lifeless; "mummified ideas and institutions should be gotten rid of"hold, keep, maintain - keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., "keep clean"; "hold in place"; "She always held herself as a lady"; "The students keep me on my toes"continue, go on, keep, go along, proceed - continue a certain state, condition, or activity; "Keep on working!"; "We continued to work into the night"; "Keep smiling"; "We went on working until well past midnight"
	2.	preserve - keep in safety and protect from harm, decay, loss, or destruction; "We preserve these archeological findings"; "The old lady could not keep up the building"; "children must be taught to conserve our national heritage"; "The museum curator conserved the ancient manuscripts"conserve, maintain, keep upkeep - look after; be the keeper of; have charge of; "He keeps the shop when I am gone"embalm - preserve a dead bodyplastinate - preserve (tissue) with plastics, as for teaching and research purposes; "The doctor plastinates bodies to teach anatomy to his students"hold the line - hold the line on prices; keep the price of something constant
	3.	preserve - to keep up and reserve for personal or special use; "She saved the old family photographs in a drawer"saverecord, enter, put down - make a record of; set down in permanent formkeep, hold on - retain possession of; "Can I keep my old stuffed animals?"; "She kept her maiden name after she married"economize, husband, economise, conserve - use cautiously and frugally; "I try to economize my spare time"; "conserve your energy for the ascent to the summit"
	4.	preserve - prevent (food) from rotting; "preserved meats"; "keep potatoes fresh"keepfreeze-dry - preserve by rapid freezing and subsequently drying in a vacuum; "freeze-dry the strawberries"conserve - preserve with sugar; "Mom always conserved the strawberries we grew in the backyard"dehydrate, desiccate - preserve by removing all water and liquids from; "carry dehydrated food on your camping trip"pickle - preserve in a pickling liquidsalt - preserve with salt; "people used to salt meats on ships"can, tin, put up - preserve in a can or tin; "tinned foods are not very tasty"refrigerate - preserve by chilling; "many foods must be refrigerated or else they will spoil"cure - prepare by drying, salting, or chemical processing in order to preserve; "cure meats"; "cure pickles"; "cure hay"corn - preserve with salt; "corned beef"ready, prepare, cook, fix, make - prepare for eating by applying heat; "Cook me dinner, please"; "can you make me an omelette?"; "fix breakfast for the guests, please"stay fresh, keep - fail to spoil or rot; "These potatoes keep for a long time"
	5.	preserve - maintain in safety from injury, harm, or danger; "May God keep you"keepprotect - shield from danger, injury, destruction, or damage; "Weatherbeater protects your roof from the rain"keep - look after; be the keeper of; have charge of; "He keeps the shop when I am gone"
	6.	preserve - keep undisturbed for personal or private use for hunting, shooting, or fishing; "preserve the forest and the lakes"hold, keep, maintain - keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., "keep clean"; "hold in place"; "She always held herself as a lady"; "The students keep me on my toes"

preserve

verb1. maintain, keep, continue, retain, sustain, keep up, prolong, uphold, conserve, perpetuate, keep alive We will do everything we can to preserve peace.
maintain end, drop, give up, abandon, discontinue2. protect, keep, save, maintain, guard, defend, secure, shelter, shield, care for, safeguard, conserve We need to preserve the rainforests.
protect attack, turn out, assault, assail, leave unprotected3. keep, save, store, can, dry, bottle, salt, cure, candy, pickle, conserve ginger preserved in syrupnoun1. (often plural) jam, jelly, conserve, marmalade, confection, sweetmeat, confiture jars of pear and blackberry preserves2. area, department, field, territory, province, arena, orbit, sphere, realm, domain, specialism The conduct of foreign policy is largely the preserve of the president.3. reserve, reservation, sanctuary, game reserve one of the world's great wildlife preserves

preserve

verb1. To protect (an asset) from loss or destruction:conserve, husband, save.2. To keep safe from danger, attack, or harm:defend, guard, protect, safeguard, secure, shield, ward.Archaic: fend.3. To keep in a condition of good repair, efficiency, or use:keep up, maintain, sustain.4. To prepare (food) for storage and future use:can, conserve, put up.nounPublic land kept for a special purpose:reservation, reserve.

Translations

保存保护保藏只允许某些人参加的活动或工作把...制成蜜饯

preserve

(priˈzəːv) verb1. to keep safe from harm. (May) Heaven preserve us from danger!保护2. to keep in existence. They have managed to preserve many old documents. 保存，保藏 3. to treat (food), eg by cooking it with sugar, so that it will not go bad. What is the best method of preserving raspberries?把...制成蜜饯 noun1. an activity, kind of work etc in which only certain people are allowed to take part. 只允许某些人参加的活动或工作2. a place where game animals, birds etc are protected. a game preserve.禁猎地3. jam. blackberry jam and other preserves. 果酱，蜜饯 ˌpreserˈvation (pre-) noun the action of preserving or the state or process of being preserved. 保护，保存 preˈservative (-vətiv) noun something that preserves, especially that prevents food etc from going bad. a chemical preservative.防腐剂

preserve

→ 自然保护区zhCN

preserve

areas where game is reared for private hunting or fishing

Preserve

a land or water area on which the natural state of its entire natural complex is maintained. Areas designated as preserves are usually those that are typical for particular geographic zones or regions or that contain natural objects that are of value from a scientific point of view, such as species of flora and fauna, types of landscapes, or minerals. The category also includes museum preserves, which may contain an entire city or any part of a city, an estate, or a park representing a particular historical, artistic, or memorial heritage.

Preserves are one form of nature preservation; multifaceted integrated nature study is conducted in them. Preserves and similar areas acquire particular significance because their network encompasses virtually all natural zones (see the list following the References section).

Before the Great October Socialist Revolution in Russia, a number of preserves had been established: Askaniia-Nova, the Lagodekhi Preserve, Moricsala, the Vaika Preserve, the Barguzin Preserve, and Kedrovaia Pad’. A broad system of preserves has been created during the years of Soviet power. V. I. Lenin provided a great deal of support for the preservation of natural zones. In 1919 the Astrakhan Preserve was created with his approval. In 1920, Lenin signed a decree on the establishment of the ITmen Preserve in the southern Urals. The decree On the Preservation of Monuments of Nature, Gardens, and Parks was promulgated on Sept. 16, 1921, and laws on preservation of nature were subsequently adopted in the Union republics. As of 1971 there were more than 90 preserves in the USSR, with a territory of more than 7 million hectares (ha). Favorable conditions have been created in these preserves for stationary long-term observation of natural phenomena and the life of wild animals and plants in their natural state. The scientific activity of pre-serves is conducted in close contact with institutes and branches of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the academies of sciences of the Union republics, universities, and other research and educational institutions. Scientific work conducted in preserves has provided extensive material for the development of ecology and the preparation of methods for the preservation and rational use of various natural resources. The results of scientific observations are presented in the publications of the Trudy (Transactions) of the preserves and in monographs and press articles.

L. K. SHAPOSHNIKOV

Legal status. In Soviet law the term “preserve” is used to indicate (1) fully protected land or water areas containing natural objects of particular scientific or cultural interest and value and (2) scientific research establishments for which specific land or water areas have been set aside. The lands of preserves are totally removed from economic use. Any activity that would disturb the natural state or threaten the preservation of natural objects is forbidden by law both on the territory of the preserve and in the surrounding protective zone. Prohibited activities include all hunting, trapping, and destruction by any means of birds and animals or their nests and lairs, fishing, collection of eggs or down, cutting of bushes or trees, mining, pasturing of livestock, cutting of hay, and the construction of industrial, agricultural, or other installations not associated with the activities of the preserve. Foot and motor traffic may pass through the preserve only on public roads or trails. Outsiders may be on the territory of preserves with the permission of the local administration. Persons without such permission are considered poachers if they have weapons or fishing tackle with them. The status of each preserve is determined by the Council of Ministers of the Union republic in which it is located, on the basis of the Statute on the State Preserves of the USSR of Oct. 27, 1951, and the decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of June 10, 1961, On the Regulation of the System of State Preserves and Hunting Preserves (Collection of Decrees of the USSR, 1961, no. 10, art. 82). According to this decree, new preserves are created by decisions of the Councils of Ministers of Union republics in coordination with Gosplan (State Planning Committee) of the USSR. Such forms of nature preservation as national (people’s or natural) parks and reserves, which in many respects are similar in legal status to preserves in the USSR, are widespread in foreign countries.

O. S. KOLBASOV

REFERENCES

Zapovedniki i natsional’nye parki mira: Kratkii spravochnik. Edited by L. K. Shaposhnikov. Moscow, 1969.
Zapovedniki Sovetskogo Soiuza. Edited by A. G. Bannikov. Moscow, 1969.
Resursy biosfery na territorii SSSR. Moscow, 1971.
Following is a list of preserves, national parks, and other protected areas of the world. (The information given includes the official name and, in parentheses, the year of establishment and the area in ha, according to 1970 data.)

RSFSR

Altai Preserve (1934, 863,805)

Barguzin Preserve (1916, 248,200)

Bashkir Preserve (1930, 72,049)

Bol’she-Khekhtsir Preserve (1963, 46,000)

Caucasus Preserve (1924, 262,500)

Darwin Preserve (1945, 112,600)

Kandalaksha Preserve (1932, 28,893)

Kedrovaia Pad’ (1916, 17,900)

Khingan Preserve (1963, 58,300)

Khoper Preserve (1935, 16,200)

Khungariiskii Preserve (1966, 2,000)

Kivach (1931, 10,315)

Komosomol Preserve (1963, 32,200)

Kronotsk Preserve (1934, 964,000)

Lapland Preserve (1930, 158,400)

Lazov (until 1970, Sudzukhe) Preserve (1936, 116,500)

Mari Preserve (1968, 14,452)

Oka Preserve (1935, 22,900)

Pechora-Ilych Preserve (1930, 721,322)

P. G. Smidovich Mordvinian Preserve (1935, 32,100)

Prioksko-Terrasnyi Preserve (1945, 4,800)

Severnaia Osetiia Preserve (1967, 26,133)

Sikhote-Alin’ Preserve (1935, 310,100)

Stolby (1925, 47,200)

Suputinsk Preserve (1932, 16,500)

Teberda Preserve (1936, 83,400)

Tsentral’nolesnoi Preserve (1931, 21,400)

V. I. Lenin Astrakhan Preserve (1919, 72,500)

V. I. Lenin Il’men Preserve (1920, 32,100)

Volga-Kama Preserve (1960, 7,538)

Voronezh Preserve (1927, 30,800)

V. V. Alekhin Central Chernozem Preserve (1935, 4,200)

Zeia (1963, 82,300)

Zhiguli (1937, 19,411)

Ukrainian SSR

Askaniia-Nova(1921, 10,500)

Black Sea Preserve (1927, 45,500)

Carpathian Preserve (1968, 12,672)

Kanev Preserve (1968, 1,035)

Lugansk Preserve (1968, 988)

Poles’e Preserve (1968, 19,932)

Ukrainian Steppe Preserve (four sections) (1925–37, 2,115)

Azov-Sivash Natural and Hunting Preserve (1927, 12,000)

Crimean Natural and Hunting Preserve (1923, 26,600)

Byelorussian SSR

Berezina Preserve (1925, 76,500)

Belovezha Forest, Natural, and Hunting Preserve (1939, 74,200)

Uzbek SSR

Aral-Paigambar Preserve (1964, 4,000)

Chatkal Mountain and Forest Preserve (1947, 34,800)

Zaamin Mountain and Forest Preserve (1960, 10,500)

Kazakh SSR

Aksu-Dzhabagli Preserve (1926, 75,000)

Alma-Ata Preserve (1935, 71,700)

Barsakel’mes Preserve (1939, 18,500)

Naurzum Preserve (1930, 100,000)

Georgian SSR

Adzhameti Preserve (1946, 4,848)

Algeti Preserve (1965, 6,400)

Babaneuli Preserve (1960, 762)

Batsara Preserve (1957, 3,052)

Borzhomi Preserve (1935, 18,027)

Gumisti Preserve (1941, 13,055)

Kintrish Preserve (1959, 6,943)

Kolkhida Preserve (1935, 500)

Lagodekhi Preserve (1912, 13,283)

Mariamdzhvar Preserve (1959, 1,098)

Miussera Preserve (1946, 3,579)

Pitsunda Preserve (1947, 150)

Ponti Preserve (1957, 1,400)

Ritsa Preserve (1947, 16,123)

Sagurami Preserve (1946, 5,083)

Satapli Preserve (1957, 300)

Tsiskari Preserve (1959, 3,928)

Vashlovani Preserve (1946, 5,952)

Azerbaijan SSR

Gek-GeP (GeigeF) Preserve (1925, 7,500)

Girkanskii Preserve (1936, 3,100)

S. M. Kirov Kyzylagach Preserve (1929, 88,000)

Turianchai Preserve (1958, 12,700)

Zakataly Preserve (1930, 25,300)

Lithuanian SSR

žuvintas(1946, 5,421)

Latvian SSR

Engures (1957, 1,340)

Grini (1957, 700)

Moricsala(1912, 835)

šlítere (1957, 7,860)

Kirghiz SSR

Issyk-Kul Preserve (1958, 781,600)

Sary-Chelek Preserve (1959, 20,700)

Tadzhik SSR

Ramit(1959, 16,100)

Tigrovaia Balka (1938, 41,100)

Armenian SSR

Dilizhan Preserve (1958, 28,900)

Khosrov Preserve (1958, 21,100)

Turkmen SSR

Badkhyz Preserve (1941, 85,700)

Krasnovodsk Preserve (1932, 270,000)

Repetek Preserve (1928, 34,600)

Estonian SSR

Matsalu Preserve (1957, 11,000)

Nigula Preserve (1957, 2,730)

Vóika Preserve (1910, 35)

Viidumóe Preserve (1957, 593)

Albania

Dajti, national park (1956, 3,000)

Divjaka, national park (1956, 2,000)

Lura, national park (1956, 3,000)

Tomori, national park (1956, 3,000)

Austria

Amering-Grossenberg Stubalpe, preserve (1942, 20,900)

Ennstaler Alpen-Laussa, preserve (1941, 57,000)

Gams-Wildalpen, preserve (1941, 52,000)

Hinterstoder Priel, preserve (no date, 60,000)

Hochlantsch Schöckl, preserve (1941, 29,000)

Hochschwab Aflenzer Staritzen Kaiserschild, preserve (1942, 55,000)

Karwendel Preserve (1943, 72,000)

Neusiedler See, preserve (1940, 35,000)

Reinisch Kógel, preserve (1941, 20,600)

Schladminger Tauern, preserve (1941, 67,500)

Seckauer Alpe Bosenstein, preserve (1941, 65,500)

Turacher Alpe, preserve (1941, 27,000)

Belgium

Bruyère de Kalmthout, national park (1941, 1,730)

Hautes-Fagnes, national park (1957, 3,400)

Lesse et Lhomme, national park (1958, 819)

Tintange, preserve (1965, 2,400)

Bulgaria

Golden Sands, people’s park (1943, 2,031)

Ropotamo, people’s park (1940, 847)

Steneto, people’s park (1963, 1,666)

Vikhren, people’s park (1962, 6,736)

Vitosha, people’s park (1934, 22,800)

Czechoslovakia

Drastvica, preserve (1953, 10,000)

Krkonoše, people’s park (1963, 35,384)

Pěniny, people’s park (1932, 2,115)

Polana, preserve (1953, 12,500)

Tatra, people’s park (1948, 50,000)

Denmark

Randból Hede, preserve (no date, 1,400)

Skallingen, preserve (1939, 3,000)

Tipperne and Klaegbanken, preserve (1936, 900)

Federal Republic of Germany

Bergstrasse-Odenwald, natural park (1960, 170,700)

Harz, natural park (1960, 95,000)

Hochtaunus, natural park (1962, 120,000)

Hohe Mark, natural park (1963, 95,000)

Meissner-Kaufunger Wald, natural park (1962, 41,400)

Nassau, natural park (1962, 53,000)

Nordeifel, natural park (1960, 133,500)

Pfälzer Wald, natural park (1958, 179,000)

Rothaargebirge, natural park (1963, 113,000)

Spessart, natural park (1960, 126,000)

Südeifel, natural park (1958, 39,500)

Finland

Lemmenjoki, national park (1956, 38,500)

Linnansaari, national park (1956, 800)

Malla, natural park (1919, 3,000)

Oulanka, national park (1956, 10,700)

Pallas Ounastunturi, natural park (1938, 50,000)

Pisavaara, natural park (1938, 5,000)

Pyhähäkki, national park (1956, 1,010)

Pyhätunturi, national park (1938, 3,000)

France

Camargue, preserve (1928, 13,500)

Lauzanier, preserve (.1934, 3,000)

Nèouvielle, preserve (1935, 2,200)

Pelvoux, national park (1913, 13,000)

Vanoise, national park (1963, 60,000)

German Democratic Republic

Bock und Hohe Düne von Pramort, preserve (1957, 1,932)

Darss, preserve (1957, 1,130)

Gallenbecker See and Friedlander-Grosse Wiese, preserve (1939, 1,015)

Grosser Stechlinsee, Hehmitz, and Grosser Krukow See, preserve (1938, 1,774)

Hinrichshagen, preserve (1962, 1,124)

Jasmund, preserve (1935, 1,500)

Müritz, preserve (1931, 6,280)

Oberharz, preserve (1937, 1,980)

Peenemünder Haken und Struck, preserve (1925, 1,870)

Schwarzatal, preserve (1961, 1,756)

Stekby-Lódderitzer-Forst, preserve (1961, 2,080)

Untere Mulde, preserve (1961, 1,276)

Vessertal, preserve (1939, 1,384)

Great Britain

Beinn Eighe, reserve (1951, 4,180)

Caerlaverock, reserve (1957, 2,490)

Cairngorms, reserve (1954, 25,966)

Cors Tregaron, reserve (1955, 737)

Dartmoor, national park (1951, 94,535)

Exmoor, national park (1954, 68,635)

Lake District, national park (1951, 224,294)

Moor House, reserve (1952, 4,000)

North York Moors, national park (1952, 143,227)

Peak District, national park (1951, 140,378)

Pembrokeshire Coast, national park (1952, 58,275)

Rhum, reserve (1957, 10,560)

Snowdonia, national park (1951, 218,855)

Yorkshire Dales, national park (1954, 176,120)

Greece

Olympus, national park (1938, 5,000)

Parnassus, national park (1938, 5,000)

Samarias, national park (1962, 4,800)

Hungary

Aggtelek and Bekebarlang, preserve (1958, 1,420)

Kis Balaton, preserve (1951, 2,000)

Szalajkavölgy, preserve (1955, 558)

Szeged-Fehértó, preserve (1939, 1,450)

Tihany, national park (1952, 1,100)

Iceland

Hallormsstadur, preserve (1905, 600)

Thingvellir, national park (1928, 4,000)

Thjórsárdalur, preserve (1938, 12,500)

Thórsmörk, preserve (1925, 1,500)

Ireland

Bourn Vincent, natural park (1932, 4,220)

Curragh, preserve (1870, 2,000)

Phoenix, natural park (1925, 700)

Italy

Abruzzo, national park (1923, 29,160)

Circeo, national park (1934, 7,445)

Gran Paradiso, national park (1922, 56,000)

Stelvio, national park (1935, 95,631)

The Netherlands

Eijerlandse-Gat, preserve (no date, 20,000)

Hoge Veluwe, national park (1935, 5,700)

Kennemerduinen, national park (1950, 1,250)

Kraloër Heide and Dwingelosche Heide, preserve (1930, 1,192)

Veluwezoom, national park (1955, 4,488)

Weerribben, preserve (no date, 1,350)

Norway

Börgefjell, national park (1963, 110,000)

Fokstumyra, preserve (1923, 900)

Junkerdalsura, preserve (no date, 44,100)

Nordmarka, preserve (no date, 2,800)

Rondane, national park (1962, 57,500)

Poland

Babia Góra, people’s park (1954, 1,709)

Białowieza, people’s park (1947, 5,069)

Kampinos, people’s park (1959, 22,353)

Karkonoski, people’s park (1959, 5,562)

Ojców, people’s park (1956, 1,675)

Pieniny, people’s park (1954, 2,708)

Słowiński, people’s park (1966, 18,069)

Swiętokrzyski, people’s park (1950, 6,044)

Tatra, people’s park (1954, 22,075)

Wielkopolska, people’s park (1957, 5,385)

Woliński, people’s park (1960, 4,628)

Portugal

Gerês, national park (1954, no area)

Rumania

Bucegi, preserve (1958, 4,775)

Ceahlău, preserve (1962, 1,836)

Danube, preserve (1962, 40,000)

Domogled, preserve (1932, 810)

Pietrosul, preserve (1964, 2,700)

Retezat, national park (1935, 10,000)

Snagov, preserve (1952, 1,767)

Spain

Aigues Tortes, national park (1955, 10,500)

Goto Doriana, preserve (1966, 25,000)

Covadonga, national park (1918, 17,000)

El Palmeral de Elche, preserve (1933)

Gredos, reserve (1932, 75,000)

Ordesa, national park (1918, 2,050)

Saja y Agregados, preserve (1949, 60,000)

Teide, national park (1954, 11,000)

Sweden

Abisko, national park (1909, 7,500)

Gotska Sandön, national park (1910, 3,535)

Muddus, national park (1942, 49,200)

Peljekajse, national park (1909, 14,600)

Sarek Sjófallet, national park (1909, 535,000)

Sonfjäallet, national park (1909, 2,700)

Tófsingdalen, national park (1926, 1,365)

VadvetjÅko, national park (1920, 2,450)

Switzerland

Engadina, national park (1914, 16,887)

Yugoslavia

Durmitor, people’s park (1952, 32,000)

Fruška Gora, people’s park (1960, 22,850)

Mavrovo, people’s park (1949, 76,000)

Ohrid, people’s park (1958, 23,000)

Pelister, people’s park (1949, 12,000)

Plitvice Lakes, people’s park (1949, 19,172)

Tara, preserve (1950, 11,772)

Burma

Kahilu, reserve (1928, 16,120)

Kelatha, reserve (no date, 2,470)

Kyatthin, reserve (1941, 26,600)

Maymyo, reserve (1918, 12,500)

Moscos Islands, reserve (no date, 5,000)

Mulayit, reserve (1936, 13,910)

Pidaung, reserve (1913, 72,400)

Shwe-u-Daung, reserve (1918, 32,760)

Shwezet-Taw, reserve (1940, 55,100) Taunggyi, reserve (no date, 1,612)

China

So-hsi pang, preserve (no date or area)

Wu-ying, preserve (no date or area)

India

Bandipur, preserve (1941, 5,700)

Corbett, national park (1935, 47,400)

Gir Forest, preserve (1965, 316,000)

Hazaribagh, national park (1955, 38,400)

Kanha, preserve (1955, 31,600)

Kaziranga, preserve (1908, 52,000)

Periyar, preserve (1940, 77,000)

Sariska, preserve (1955, 20,700)

Shivpuri, national park (1955, 15,900)

Taroba, national park (1935, 11,700)

Tirap, national park (1947, 205,000)

Indonesia

Bali-Barat, natural park (1941, 20,000)

Baluran, natural park (1937, 25,000)

Banjuwangi Selatan, natural park (1939, 62,000)

Berbak, natural park (1935, 190,000)

Djungkulon, or Udjung-Kulon, natural park (1921, 41,150)

Gunung-Löser, natural park (1934, 416,500)

Indrapura Peak, natural park (1929, 12,500)

Kluet, natural park (no date, 20,000)

Komodo, natural park (1965, 30,000)

Kotawaringin and Sampit, natural park (1936, 305,000

Kutai, natural park (1936, 306,600)

Langkat, natural park (1938, 213,285)

Lorentz, natural park (1937, 40,000)

Palung, natural park (1937, 30,000)

Pulau-Panaitan, natural park (no date, 17,500)

Rindjani, natural park (1941, 40,000)

Sumatra-Selatan, natural park (1935, 356,800)

Way-Kambas, natural park (1937, 130,000)

Iran

Djakashem, preserve (1967, 3,700)

Israel

Mount Meyron, national park (1955, 10,500)

Japan

Akan, national park (1934, 87,498)

Aso, national park (1934, 73,087)

Bandai-Asahi, national park (1950, 189,661)

Chichibu-Tama, national park (1950, 121,600)

Chubu-Sangaku, national park (1934, 169,768)

Daisetsuzan, national park (1934, 231,929)

Fuji-Hakone-Izu, national park (1936, 122,309)

Ise-Shima, national park (1946, 52,036)

Kirishima, national park (1934, 55,231)

Nikko, national park (1934, 140,698)

Seto-Naikai, national park (1934, 65,909)

Shikotsu-Toya, national park (1949, 98,660)

Towada, national park (1936, 83,351)

Jo-Shin-Etsu Kogen, national park (1949, 188,915)

Yoshino-Kumano, national park (1936, 55,378)

Malaysia

Bako, national park (1956, 2,600)

Taman Negara, national park (1938, 436,000)

Mongolia

Bogdo-Ula, or Choibalsan-Ula, preserve (1953, 125,000)

Nepal

Chitawan, reserve (1959, 76,000)

Philippines

Apo, national park (1936, 76,900)

Banahaw-San Cristobal, national park (1941, 11,133)

Canlaon, national park (1934, 24,578)

Isarog, national park (1938, 10,112)

Naujan Lake, national park (1956, 21,700)

Tirad Pass, national park (1938, 6,300)

Singapore

Water Catchment, preserve (1951, 1,602)

Sri Lanka (Ceylon)

Gal Oya, national park (1954, 25,000)

Ruhuna, national park (1938, 23,000)

Wasgomuwa, national park (1937, 28,000)

Wilpattu, national park (1938, 65,000)

Yala, national park (1900, 27,500)

Thailand

Doi Intanon, national park (1959, 13,047)

Khao Salob, national park (1961, 400,000)

Khao-Yai, national park (1962, 216,900)

Pu Kradeung, national park (1947, 34,800)

Tung Slang Luang, national park (1963, 128,000)

Turkey

Karatepe-Arslantas, national park (1958, 4,119)

Kizilçahaman, national park (1959, 1,050)

Uludag, national park (1961, 8,000)

Algeria

Akfadou, national park (1925, 2,115)

Babor, national park (1931, 1,701)

Cèdres de Téniet-el-Haad, national park (1923, 1,500)

Chrèa, national park (1925, 1,350)

Djurdjura, national park (1925, 16,550)

Ouarsenis, national park (1924, 1,030)

Angola

Camea, national park (1938, 1,000,000)

Luando, preserve (1938, 828,000)

Pórto Alexandre, national park (1957, 2,000,000)

Arab Republic of Egypt

Wadi Rishrash, preserve (no date, 51,800)

Cameroon

Bafia, preserve (1949, 42,000)

Bénoué, national park (1942, 180,000)

Bouba-Djida, national park (1947, 220,000)

Campo, preserve (1932, 330,000)

Dja, preserve (1950, 526,000)

Douala-Edea, preserve (1932, 160,000)

Faro, preserve (1947, 330,000)

Waza, national park (1934, 170,000)

Central African Republic

André Félix, national park (1960, 170,500)

Bamingui-Bangoran, national park (1916, 1,000,000)

Saint-Floris, national park (1916, 100,700)

Chad

Zakouma, preserve (1963, 297,200)

Dahomey

Boucle de la Pendjari, national park (1954, 275,000)

Ethiopia

Menagasha, national forest (1958, 3,000)

Gabon

Ofoue, preserve (1946, 150,000)

Okanda, national park (1946, 190,000)

Ghana

Mole, preserve (1962, 388,000)

Guinea

Nimba, preserve (1944, 19,500; partially on the territory of the Ivory Coast)

Ivory Coast

Bouna, preserve (1942, 900,000)

Tai-Sassandra, preserve (no date, 425,000)

Kenya

Amboseli, preserve (1948, 326,000)

Mara, preserve (1950, 151,300)

Mount Kenya, national park (1949, 59,000)

Ngong, preserve (1950, 117,845)

Tsavo, national park (1948, 2,080,000)

Malagasy Republic

Andohahelo, preserve (1939, 71,200)

Andringitra, preserve (1927, 35,400)

Ankarafantsika, preserve (1927, 67,000)

Montagne d’Ambre, national park (1958, 120,000)

Tsaratanana, preserve (1927, 59,280)

Tsingy du Bemaraha, preserve (1927, 149,470)

Zahamena, preserve (1927, 66,410)

Malawi

Malawi, national park (1966, 84,170)

Mali

Boucle du Baoule, national park (1954, 350,000)

Morocco

Tazekka, national park (1950, 580)

Toubkal, national park (1942, 36,000)

Mozambique

Gorongosa, national park (1935, 580,000)

Maputo, preserve (1960, 75,000)

Namibia

Etosha Pan, preserve (1958, 7,000,000)

Nigeria

Yankari, reserve (1956, 182,200)

People’s Republic of the Congo

Odzala, national park (1940, 110,000)

Republic of South Africa

Addo, national park (1931, 6,756)

Bontebok, national park (1959, 2,533)

Giant’s Castle, preserve (1903, 23,842)

Hluhluwe, preserve (1897, 22,800)

Kalahari Gemsbok, national park (1931, 900,000)

Kruger, national park (1898, 1,820,000)

Loskop Dam, preserve (1940, 12,757)

Mountain Zebra, national park (1937, 5,020)

Mkuzi, preserve (1912, 24,800)

Natal, national park (1916, 8,000)

St. Lucia, preserve (1897, 49,446)

Umfolozi, preserve (1897, 28,800)

Vaaldam, preserve (1954, 25,312)

Republic of Zaire

Garamba, national park (1938, 492,000)

Kivu, national park (1925, 800,000)

Upemba, national park (1939, 950,000) Rhodesia

Chimanimani, national park (1950, 8,166)

Matopos, national park (1953, 43,320)

Mushandike, national park (1954, 12,900)

Rhodes Inyanga, national park (1950, 34,550)

Victoria Falls, national park (1939, 59,307)

Wankie, national park (1927, 435,290)

Rwanda

Kagera, national park (1934, 251,000)

Senegal

Niokolo-Koba, national park (1954, 410,000)

Somali Democratic Republic

Bubasci, reserve (1960, 625,000)

Sudan

Dinder, national park (1939, 640,000)

Ercowit, preserve (no date, 115,000)

Nimule, national park (1954, 25,900)

Southern, national park (1939, 1,684,200)

Tanzania

Katavi, reserve (1951, 167,500)

Kilimanjaro, reserve (1951, 186,400)

Lake Manyara, national park (1960, 8,550)

Mkomazi, reserve (1951, 350,000)

Ngurdoto Crater, national park (1960, 6,280)

Rungwa, reserve (1951, 905,000)

Serengeti, national park (1940, 1,450,000)

Tunisia

Djebel Bou Hedma, state park (1936, 12,000)

Uganda

Murchison Falls, national park (1952, 384,000)

Queen Elizabeth, national park (1952, 220,000)

Upper Volta

Singou, preserve (1955, 192,800, on the border with Dahomey and Togo)

W du Niger, national park (1954, total area 1,205,400, of which 330,000 is in Upper Volta, 502,050 is in Dahomey, and the remainder is in Niger)

Zambia

Kafue, national park (1950, 2,250,000)

Luangwa Valley, preserve (1942, 1,275,000)

Argentina

El Rey, national park (1948, 44,162)

Iguassú, national park (1909, 55,000)

Laníin, national park (1937, 395,000)

Los Alerces, national park (1937, 263,000)

Los Glaciares, national park (1937, 600,000)

Nahuel Huapí, national park (1903, 785,000)

Perito Francisco Moreno, national park (1937, 115,000)

Tierra del Fuego, national park (1960, 63,000)

Bolivia

Sajama, national park (1939, 75,000)

Brazil

Iguaçu, national park (1939, 180,000)

Itatiaia, national park (1937, 12,000)

Paulo Afonso, national park (1948, 6,890)

Serra dos Orgãos, national park (1939, 10,500)

Canada

Banff, national park (1885, 664,076)

Cape Breton Highlands, national park (1936, 95,053)

Elk Island, national park (1913, 19,425)

Fundy, national park (1948, 20,720)

Georgian Bay Islands, national park (1929, 1,400)

Glacier, national park (1886, 134,940)

Jasper, national park (1907, 1,087,800)

Kootenay, national park (1920, 140,637)

Mount Revelstoke, national park (1914, 25,900)

Point Pelée, national park (1918, 1,564)

Prince Albert, national park (1927, 387,494)

Prince Edward, national park (1937, 1,813)

Riding Mountain, national park (1929, 297,332)

Terra Nova, national park (1957, 39,627)

Waterton Lakes, national park (1895, 52,577)

Wood Buffalo, national park (1922, 4,480,700)

Yoho, national park (1920, 131,313)

Algonquin, provincial park (1893, 753,599)

St. Lawrence, provincial park (1895, 927,500)

Chile

Juan Fernández, national park (1935, 18,300)

Los Paraguas, national park (1940, 18,000)

Nahuelbuta, preserve (1939, 5,415)

Perez Rosales, national park (1926, 135,175)

Puyehue, national park (1941, 75,000)

Villarrica, national park (1940, 13,780)

Colombia

Farallones, national park (1962, 300,000)

Macarena, preserve (1948, 1,150,000) Cuba

Cienaga de Zapata, preserve (1959, 179,450)

Cupeyal, preserve (1963, 10,260)

El Cabo, preserve (1963, 7,535)

Ecuador

Cayapas, national park (1968, 300,000)

Galapagos Islands, national park (1934, 10,000)

Guatemala

Atitlán, national park (1955, no area)

Cerro Miramundo, national park (1956, 900)

Laguna el Pino, national park (1955, no area)

Río Dulce, national park (1955, 20,000)

Tikal, national park (1955, 57,600)

Guyana

Kaieteur, national park (1929, 11,520)

Mexico

Cañon del Río Blanco, national park (1938, 55,690)

Cumbres de Monterrey, national park (1939, 246,500)

La Malinche, national park (1938, 47,711)

Nevado de Toluca, national park (1936, 67,000)

Sierra de San Pedro Martir, national park (1947, 63,000)

Tancítaro, national park (1940, 29,316)

Peru

Pampa de Galeras, national park (1966, 50,000)

Surinam

Bormoffo, preserve (no date, 10,000)

United States

Acadia, national park (1919, 13,415)

Big Bend, national park (1944, 284,288)

Bryce Canyon, national park (1924, 14,584)

Carlsbad Caverns, national park (1930, 20,000)

Crater Lake, national park (1902, 64,866)

Everglades, national park (1947, 550,000)

Glacier, national park (1910, 409,941)

Grand Canyon, national park (1919, 269,430)

Grand Teton, national park (1929, 124,140)

Great Smoky Mountains, national park (1930, 206,220)

Hawaii and Haleakala, national parks (1916, 89,169; and

1961, 10,685, respectively)

Isle Royale, national park (1940, 216,000)

Lassen Volcanic, national park (1916, 43,301)

Mammoth Cave, national park (1934, 20,541)

Mesa Verde, national park (1906, 20,830)

Mount McKinley, national park (1917, 775,600)

Mount Rainier, national park (1899, 97,844)

Olympic, national park (1938, 362,593)

Platt, national park (1906, 380)

Rocky Mountain, national park (1915, 105,224)

Sequoia and King’s Canyon, national park (1890, 336,629)

Shenandoah, national park (1935, 77,700)

Virgin Islands, national park (1956, 3,841)

Wind Cave, national park (1903, 11,392)

Yellowstone, national park (1872, 899,104)

Yosemite, national park (1890, 304,000)

Zion, national park (1919, 52,547)

Uruguay

Paso del Puerto, national park (no date, 600)

Roosevelt, national park (1916, 1,500)

Venezuela

El Avila, national park (1958, 66,192)

Guatopo, national park (1958, 92,640)

Henry Pittier, national park (1937, 90,000)

Sierra Nevada de Mérida, national park (1952, 160,000)

Yurubi, national park (1960, 4,000)

Commonwealth of Australia

Bellenden-Ker, national park (1921, 32,000)

Carnarvon, national park (1938, 26,900)

Cradle Mountain-Lake St. Clair, national park (1922, 133,240)

Eungella, national park (1941, 49,614)

Flinders Chase, preserve (1919, 55,000)

Hinchinbrook, national park (1932, 39,348)

Lamington, national park (1915, 19,530)

Mount Buffalo, national park (1898, 10,912)

Mount Kaputar, national park (1925, 14,250)

Mount Field, national park (1916, 16,808)

Mount Kosciusko, national park (1944, 535,410)

New England, national park (1935, 22,842)

Sydney, or Kue Ring Gai Chase, national park (1894, 14,300)

Wilson’s Promontory, national park (1905, 40,9523 Wyperfeld, national park (1921, 56,000)

New Zealand

Abel Tasman, national park (1942, 17,607)

Arthur’s Pass, national park (1929, 96,858)

Egmont, national park (1900, 33,079)

Fiordland, national park (1952, 1,224,345)

Mount Cook, national park (1953, 70,056)

Nelson Lakes, national park (1956, 56,634)

Tongariro, national park (1894, 66,105)

Urewera, national park (1954, 184,211)

Westland, national park (1960, 85,334)

A. A. VINOKUROV

preserve

[prə′zərv] (ecology) An area that is maintained for game or fish, especially for sport, and may have limited access requiring a permit for entry.

preserve

pre·serve

preserve

pre•serve

preserve

preserve

preserve

preserve

preserve

preserve

preserve

well preserved

preserve (someone or something) against (something)

preserve (something) for (someone or something)

preserve (someone or something) from (something)

preserved

preserve someone or something against something

preserve someone or something from someone or something

preserve something for someone or something

well preserved

preserved

preserve

preserve

Preserve

REFERENCES

preserve

preserve

preserve

PRESERVE

preserve

Synonyms for preserve

verb maintain

Synonyms

Antonyms

verb protect

Synonyms

Antonyms

verb keep

Synonyms

noun jam

Synonyms

noun area

Synonyms

noun reserve

Synonyms

Synonyms for preserve

verb to protect (an asset) from loss or destruction

Synonyms

verb to keep safe from danger, attack, or harm

Synonyms

verb to keep in a condition of good repair, efficiency, or use

Synonyms

verb to prepare (food) for storage and future use

Synonyms

noun public land kept for a special purpose

Synonyms

Synonyms for preserve

noun a domain that seems to be specially reserved for someone

Related Words

noun a reservation where animals are protected

Related Words

noun fruit preserved by cooking with sugar

Synonyms

Related Words

verb keep or maintain in unaltered condition

Synonyms

Related Words

verb keep in safety and protect from harm, decay, loss, or destruction

Synonyms

Related Words

verb to keep up and reserve for personal or special use

Synonyms

Related Words

verb prevent (food) from rotting

Synonyms

Related Words

verb maintain in safety from injury, harm, or danger

Synonyms

Related Words

verb keep undisturbed for personal or private use for hunting, shooting, or fishing