Urban II
Ur·ban II
U0143800 (ûr′bən) Originally Odo of Lagery. 1042?-1099.Urban II
(ˈɜːbən)Urban II
n.
| Noun | 1. |  Urban II - French pope from 1088 to 1099 whose sermons called for the First Crusade (1042-1099) |
| 单词 | urban ii | |||
| 释义 | Urban IIUr·ban IIU0143800 (ûr′bən) Originally Odo of Lagery. 1042?-1099.Urban II(ˈɜːbən)Urban IIn.
Urban IIUrban II,c.1042–1099, pope (1088–99), a Frenchman named Odo (or Eudes) of Lagery; successor of Victor III. He studied at Reims and became a monk at Cluny. He went to Rome, as prior of Cluny, early in the reign of St. Gregory VII. The pope kept him there, finding in Odo one of his ablest assistants in the great reform; he made him cardinal and bishop of Ostia. Odo worked especially as legate in Germany. When he was elected pope, Urban pursued the cause of reform, undaunted by the opposition of Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV and his antipope, Clement III (Guibert of Ravenna). He began work in the lands that recognized him, those of the Normans (S Italy), of the Countess Matilda (Tuscany), and the Lombard cities. He could not stay in Rome until 1093, when the antipope was expelled. Urban's method was to travel about, summoning great councils of the whole population, to advertise and gain popularity for the reforms. The principal councils were at Piacenza (Mar., 1095), Clermont (Nov., 1095), Rome (1097), Bari (1098), and Rome again (1099). At Clermont, Urban preached a sermon that brought forth the First Crusade (see CrusadesCrusades, series of wars undertaken by European Christians between the 11th and 14th cent. to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims. First Crusade Origins In the 7th cent., Jerusalem was taken by the caliph Umar. ..... Click the link for more information. ). At Bari the reunion of East and West was the theme; St. Anselm was the apologist for the West. Urban's resolute condemnation of Philip I of France in the matter of Philip's repudiation of his wife exemplifies his fearlessness. Without Urban's work, most of Gregory's reform movement would probably have been ephemeral. He was succeeded by Paschal II. Urban was beatified in 1881. BibliographySee study by F. J. Gossman (1960). Urban II(Odo of Lagery, Odo of Châtillon-sur-Marne). Born circa 1042, in Lagery, France; died July 29, 1099, in Rome. Pope (1088–99). Urban II continued the ecclesiastical and political policies of Pope Gregory VII. In Italy he waged a successful struggle against Emperor Henry IV and his ally, the antipope Clement III, who had strengthened his position in Rome with the emperor’s help. Urban II returned to Rome and secured his hold on the papacy decisively in 1094 after forcing Clement III out of the city. Urban II proclaimed the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont in 1095. Urban IIUrban II
Synonyms for Urban II
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