Prilosec
enUKPri·lo·sec
(prī′lō-sĕk′)| Noun | 1. | Prilosec - antacid (trade name Prilosec) that suppresses acid secretion in the stomach |
Prilosec
enUKomeprazole magnesium
omeprazole and sodium bicarbonate
Pharmacologic class: Proton pump inhibitor
Therapeutic class: Antiulcer drug
Pregnancy risk category C
Action
Reduces gastric acid secretion and increases gastric mucus and bicarbonate production, creating protective coating on gastric mucosa and easing discomfort from excess gastric acid
Availability
Capsules (delayed-release): 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg
Powder for oral suspension (delayed-release): 2.5 mg, 10 mg in packets
Tablets (delayed-release): 20 mg
Indications and dosages
➣ Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Adults: 20 mg P.O. (capsules, powder) daily for 4 weeks
➣ Erosive esophagitis
Adults: 20 mg P.O. (capsules, powder) daily for 4 to 8 weeks
➣ Short-term treatment of active duodenal ulcer
Adults: 20 mg P.O. (capsules, powder) daily for 4 weeks. Some patients may need 4 additional weeks of therapy.
➣ To reduce risk of duodenal ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori
Adults: 40 mg P.O. (capsules) daily in morning, given with clarithromycin t.i.d. for 2 weeks; then 20 mg daily for 2 weeks
➣ Gastric ulcers
Adults: 40 mg P.O. (capsules) daily for 4 to 8 weeks
➣ Pathologic hypersecretory conditions, including Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Adults: Initially, 60 mg P.O. (capsules) daily; may increase up to 120 mg t.i.d. Divide daily dosages above 80 mg.
➣ Frequent heartburn (two or more episodes a week)
Adults ages 18 and older: 20 mg P.O. (OTC tablets, capsules, or powder) daily for 14 days
Off-label uses
• Posterior laryngitis
• To enhance pancreatin efficacy in treating steatorrhea in cystic fibrosis patients
Contraindications
• Hypersensitivity to drug or its components
Precautions
Use cautiously in:
• hepatic disease
• hypomagnesemia
• concurrent use of clopidogrel (avoid use)
• pregnant or breastfeeding patients
• children (safety not established).
Administration
• Give 30 to 60 minutes before a meal, preferably in morning.
• If desired, give concurrently with antacids.
• Know that if patient has ulcer at start of therapy, treatment may be extended.
• When giving through nasogastric tube, use powder for oral suspension, or separate capsule and mix pellets with water. Agitate syringe while injecting. After administration, flush with 30 to 60 ml of water.
• Don't crush capsules.
• Be aware that symptomatic response doesn't rule out gastric cancer.
Adverse reactions
CNS: dizziness, headache, asthenia
GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain
Metabolic: hypomagnesemia
Musculoskeletal: back pain; fractures of hip, wrist, spine (with long-term daily use)
Respiratory: cough, upper respiratory tract infection
Skin: rash
Interactions
Drug-drug. Ampicillin, cyanocobalamin, iron salts, ketoconazole: reduced absorption of these drugs
Clarithromycin: increased omeprazole blood level
Clopidogrel: diminished antiplatelet activity
Diazepam, phenytoin, warfarin: prolonged elimination and increased effects of these drugs
Digoxin: increased digoxin absorption and blood level, possible digoxin toxicity
Drugs metabolized by CYP450 system: competitive metabolism
Methotrexate: increased methotrexate serum level
Penicillins: serious and occasionally fatal hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis
Rifampin: substantially decreased omeprazole concentrations
Drug-diagnostic tests. Alanine phosphatase, alkaline aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin: increased levels
Gastrin: increased level during first 1 to 2 weeks of therapy
Serum chromogranin A: increased level may cause false-positive results in diagnostic investigations for neuroendocrine tumors
Serum magnesium: decreased level
Drug-herbs. St John's wort: substantially decreased omeprazole concentration
Patient monitoring
• Assess vital signs.
• Check for abdominal pain, emesis, diarrhea, or constipation.
• Evaluate fluid intake and output.
• Watch for elevated liver function test results (rare).
• Monitor magnesium level before starting drug and periodically thereafter in patients expected to be on long-term treatment or who take proton pump inhibitors with other drugs such as digoxin or drugs that may cause hypomagnesemia.
Patient teaching
• Tell patient to take 30 to 60 minutes before a meal, preferably in morning.
• Instruct patient to swallow capsules or tablets whole and not to chew or crush them. If he can't swallow capsule, tell him he may open it, carefully sprinkle and mix entire contents into 1 tbsp of cool applesauce, and swallow immediately with glass of water.
• Instruct patient on how to use delayed-release oral suspension: Empty contents of a 2.5-mg packet of powder into a container with 5 ml of water or 10-mg packet of powder into a container with 15 ml of water; don't use other liquids or foods. Stir and allow drug to thicken for 2 to 3 minutes. Stir well and drink within 30 minutes. If any drug remains after drinking, add more water to container, stir, and drink immediately.
• Inform patient taking OTC delayedrelease tablets for heartburn that full effect may take 1 to 4 days. Advise him not to take tablets for more than 14 days without consulting health care professional.
• Advise patient to avoid St John's wort while taking this drug.
• Caution patient to avoid driving and other hazardous activities until he knows how drug affects concentration and alertness.
• As appropriate, review all other significant adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs and tests mentioned above.
omeprazole
(o-mep-ra-zole) omeprazole,Losec
(trade name),PriLOSEC
(trade name),PriLOSEC OTC
(trade name)Classification
Therapeutic: antiulcer agentsPharmacologic: proton pump inhibitors
Indications
Action
Therapeutic effects
Pharmacokinetics
Time/action profile (antisecretory effects)
| ROUTE | ONSET | PEAK | DURATION |
|---|---|---|---|
| PO-delayed release | within 1 hr | within 2 hr | 72–96 hr |
Contraindications/Precautions
Adverse Reactions/Side Effects
Central nervous system
- dizziness
- drowsiness
- fatigue
- headache
- weakness
Cardiovascular
- chest pain
Gastrointestinal
- pseudomembranous colitis (life-threatening)
- abdominal pain (most frequent)
- acid regurgitation
- constipation
- diarrhea
- flatulence
- nausea
- vomiting
Fluid and Electrolyte
- hypomagnesemia (especially if treatment duration ≥3 mo)
Dermatologic
- itching
- rash
Musculoskeletal
- bone fracture
Miscellaneous
- allergic reactions
Interactions
Drug-Drug interaction
Omeprazole is metabolized by the CYP450 enzyme system and may compete with other agents metabolized by this system.↓ metabolism and may ↑ effects of antifungal agents, diazepam, digoxin, flurazepam, triazolam, cyclosporine, phenytoin, saquinavir, tacrolimus, and warfarin.May ↓ absorption of drugs requiring acid pH, including ketoconazole, itraconazole, ampicillin, iron salts, and digoxin.Has been used safely with antacids.May significantly ↓ effects of atazanavir and nelfinavir (concurrent use not recommended).May ↑ risk of bleeding with warfarin (monitor INR/PT).Voriconazole may ↑ levels.May ↓ the antiplatelet effects of clopidogrel ; avoid concurrent use.May ↑ levels of cilostazol ; consider ↓ dose of cilostazol from 100 mg twice daily to 50 mg twice daily.Rifampin may ↓ levels and may ↓ response; avoid concurrent use.Hypomagnesemia ↑ risk of digoxin toxicity.May ↑ levels of tacrolimus and methotrexate.St. John's wort may ↓ levels and may ↓ response; avoid concurrent use.Route/Dosage
Availability (generic available)
Nursing implications
Nursing assessment
- Assess patient routinely for epigastric or abdominal pain and frank or occult blood in the stool, emesis, or gastric aspirate.
- Monitor bowel function. Diarrhea, abdominal cramping, fever, and bloody stools should be reported to health care professional promptly as a sign of pseudomembranous colitis. May begin up to several weeks following cessation of therapy.
- Lab Test Considerations: Monitor CBC with differential periodically during therapy.
- May cause ↑ AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin.
- May cause serum gastrin concentrations to ↑ during first 1–2 wk of therapy. Levels return to normal after discontinuation of omeprazole.
- Monitor INR and prothrombin time in patients taking warfarin.
- May cause hypomagnesemia. Monitor serum magnesium prior to and periodically during therapy.
Potential Nursing Diagnoses
Acute pain (Indications)Implementation
- Do not confuse Prilosec (omeprazole) with Prozac (fluoxetine) or Pristiq (desvenlafaxine). Do not confuse omeprazole with fomepizole.
- Oral: Administer doses before meals, preferably in the morning. Capsules should be swallowed whole; do not crush or chew. Capsules may be opened and sprinkled on cool applesauce, entire mixture should be ingested immediately and followed by a drink of water. Do not store for future use.
- Powder for oral suspension: Administer on empty stomach, as least 1 hr before a meal. For patients with nasogastric or enteral feeding, suspend feeding for 3 hr before and 1 hr after administration. Empty packet contents into a small cup containing 1–2 tablespoons of water. Do not use other liquids or foods. If administered through a nasogastric tube, suspend in 20 mL of water. Stir well and drink immediately. Refill cup with water and drink again.
- May be administered concurrently with antacids.
Patient/Family Teaching
- Instruct patient to take medication as directed for the full course of therapy, even if feeling better. Take missed doses as soon as remembered but not if almost time for next dose. Do not double doses.
- May cause occasional drowsiness or dizziness. Caution patient to avoid driving or other activities requiring alertness until response to medication is known.
- Instruct patient to notify health care professional of all Rx or OTC medications, vitamins, or herbal products being taken and consult health care professional before taking any new medications.
- Advise patient to avoid alcohol, products containing aspirin or NSAIDs, and foods that may cause an increase in GI irritation.
- Advise patient to report onset of black, tarry stools; diarrhea; abdominal pain; or persistent headache to health care professional promptly.
- Instruct patient to notify health care professional of onset of black, tarry stools; diarrhea; abdominal pain; or persistent headache or if fever and diarrhea develop, especially if stool contains blood, pus, or mucus. Advise patient not to treat diarrhea without consulting health care professional.
- Advise female patient to notify health care professional if pregnancy is planned or suspected or if breast feeding.
Evaluation/Desired Outcomes
- Decrease in abdominal pain or prevention of gastric irritation and bleeding. Healing of duodenal ulcers can be seen on x-ray examination or endoscopy.
- Decrease in symptoms of GERD and erosive esophagitis. Therapy is continued for 4–8 wk after initial episode.
Prilosec
(prī′lō-sĕk′)Prilosec®
Omeprazole Pharmacology A proton pump inhibitor preferred to H2 blockers for managing GERD, heartburn, erosive esophagitis, benign duodenal and gastric ulcers, and for certain hypersecretory conditions; combined with clarithromycin for eradicating H pylori associated with duodenal ulcers. See GERD. Cf H2 blockers.Prilosec
enUK- noun
Synonyms for Prilosec
noun antacid (trade name Prilosec) that suppresses acid secretion in the stomach
Synonyms
- omeprazole
Related Words
- alkaliser
- alkalizer
- antacid
- antiacid
- gastric antacid
- brand
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