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单词 summation
释义

summation


sum·ma·tion

S0880500 (sə-mā′shən)n.1. The act or process of adding; addition.2. A sum or aggregate.3. A concluding argument after the presentation of a legal case, especially an argument made to a judge or jury by an attorney for a party as to why that party should prevail.4. Physiology The process by which multiple or repeated stimuli can produce a response in a nerve, muscle, or other part that one stimulus alone cannot produce.
[New Latin summātiō, summātiōn-, from Late Latin summātus, past participle of summāre, to sum up, from Latin summa, sum; see sum.]

summation

(sʌˈmeɪʃən) n1. (Mathematics) the act or process of determining a sum; addition2. (Mathematics) the result of such an act or process3. a summary4. (Law) law US the concluding statements made by opposing counsel in a case before a court[C18: from Medieval Latin summātiō, from summāre to total, from Latin summa sum1] sumˈmational adj summative adj

sum•ma•tion

(səˈmeɪ ʃən)

n. 1. the act or process of summing. 2. an aggregate or total. 3. a review or recapitulation of previously stated facts or statements, often with final conclusions drawn from them. 4. the final arguments of opposing attorneys before a case goes to the jury. 5. the arousal of nerve impulses by a rapid succession of sensory stimuli. [1750–60] sum•ma′tion•al, adj.
Thesaurus
Noun1.summation - a concluding summary (as in presenting a case before a law court)rundown, summing upsummary, sum-up - a brief statement that presents the main points in a concise form; "he gave a summary of the conclusions"law, jurisprudence - the collection of rules imposed by authority; "civilization presupposes respect for the law"; "the great problem for jurisprudence to allow freedom while enforcing order"
2.summation - (physiology) the process whereby multiple stimuli can produce a response (in a muscle or nerve or other part) that one stimulus alone does not producephysiology - the branch of the biological sciences dealing with the functioning of organismsbiological process, organic process - a process occurring in living organisms
3.summation - the final aggregate; "the sum of all our troubles did not equal the misery they suffered"sum total, sumaggregation, collection, accumulation, assemblage - several things grouped together or considered as a wholecongeries, conglomeration, aggregate - a sum total of many heterogenous things taken together
4.summation - the arithmetic operation of summingsummation - the arithmetic operation of summing; calculating the sum of two or more numbers; "the summation of four and three gives seven"; "four plus three equals seven"plus, additionarithmetic operation - a mathematical operation involving numbers

summation

noun1. The act or process of adding:addition, totalization.2. A number or quantity obtained as a result of addition:aggregate, amount, sum, sum total, total, totality.Archaic: tale.3. A condensation of the essential or main points of something:recapitulation, rundown, run-through, sum, summary, summing-up, wrap-up.Informal: recap.
Translations
άθροισηsommationaddizione

summation


summation

1. the act or process of determining a sum; addition 2. the result of such an act or process 3. US law the concluding statements made by opposing counsel in a case before a court

Summation

 

in physiology, the cumulative effect of several stimuli following one another in rapid succession (temporal summation) or occurring simultaneously (spatial summation) and arising in such excitable structures as receptors, neurons, and muscles.

Summation was first described in 1868 by I. M. Sechenov, who observed that under certain conditions of rhythmic stimulation there was a delay in the appearance and subsequent intensification of reflexes. Temporal summation occurs in the intervals between stimuli. These intervals are limited by the period of subthreshold or trace shifts in membrane potential toward depolarization, with development of excitation, or toward hyper-polarization, with development of inhibition. Temporal summation ensures that the duration of the reaction will be sufficient and that it can be maintained by the circular relationship between the neurons.

Spatial summation changes continuously and is manifested by the simultaneous excitation or inhibition of many neurons in different parts of the brain as well as of numerous synapses in a single neuron. Summation helps to intensify individual reactions and to coordinate the body’s reactions. In muscles, spatial summation intensifies contractions by increasing the number of excited motor units, that is, groups of fibers innervated by a single neuron. Temporal summation in muscles induces tetanus by uniting successive individual contractions.

A. N. KABANOV

summation


sum·ma·tion

(sŭm-ā'shŭn), The aggregation of a number of similar neural impulses or stimuli. [Mediev. L. summatio, fr. summo, pp. -atus, to sum up, fr. L. summa, sum]

summation

(sə-mā′shən)n.1. The act or process of adding; addition.2. A sum or aggregate.3. A concluding argument after the presentation of a legal case, especially an argument made to a judge or jury by an attorney for a party as to why that party should prevail.4. Physiology The process by which multiple or repeated stimuli can produce a response in a nerve, muscle, or other part that one stimulus alone cannot produce.

sum·ma·tion

(sŭ-mā'shŭn) The aggregation of a number of similar neural impulses or stimuli. [Mediev. L. summatio, fr. summo, pp. -atus, to sum up, fr. L. summa, sum]

summation

the production of an effect by the repetition of stimuli, any single one of which would be insufficient to produce an effect, as in muscular contraction where summation brings about TETANUS which results from a series of stimuli. See RODS and CONES CELLS for the effect of summation in the eye.

summation 

Increased effect produced by a series of stimuli applied either simultaneously or successively (provided the intervals are greater than the latent period). Binocular summation usually occurs when the two eyes are stimulated; thus binocular brightness is greater than monocular, except in the unusual Fechner's paradox. Two or more stimuli falling within the excitatory region of a receptive field will increase the excitatory response and similarly two or more stimuli falling within the inhibitory region of a receptive field will increase the inhibition: this is called spatial summation. The summation may also occur if successive stimulations are received by the same retinal region: this is called temporal summation. See complex cell; simple cell; receptive field; lateral inhibition.

sum·ma·tion

(sŭ-mā'shŭn) Aggregation of several similar neural impulses or stimuli.[Mediev. L. summatio, fr. summo, pp. -atus, to sum up, fr. L. summa, sum]

summation


summation

n. the final argument of an attorney at the close of a trial in which he/she attempts to convince the judge and/or jury of the virtues of the client's case. (See: closing argument)

summation

the concluding statements made by opposing counsel in a case before a court.
FinancialSeeSum

summation


  • noun

Synonyms for summation

noun the act or process of adding

Synonyms

  • addition
  • totalization

noun a number or quantity obtained as a result of addition

Synonyms

  • aggregate
  • amount
  • sum
  • sum total
  • total
  • totality
  • tale

noun a condensation of the essential or main points of something

Synonyms

  • recapitulation
  • rundown
  • run-through
  • sum
  • summary
  • summing-up
  • wrap-up
  • recap

Synonyms for summation

noun a concluding summary (as in presenting a case before a law court)

Synonyms

  • rundown
  • summing up

Related Words

  • summary
  • sum-up
  • law
  • jurisprudence

noun (physiology) the process whereby multiple stimuli can produce a response (in a muscle or nerve or other part) that one stimulus alone does not produce

Related Words

  • physiology
  • biological process
  • organic process

noun the final aggregate

Synonyms

  • sum total
  • sum

Related Words

  • aggregation
  • collection
  • accumulation
  • assemblage
  • congeries
  • conglomeration
  • aggregate

noun the arithmetic operation of summing

Synonyms

  • plus
  • addition

Related Words

  • arithmetic operation
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更新时间:2024/9/22 3:59:40