pelvis

pelvis,

bony, basin-shaped structure that supports the organs of the lower abdomen. It receives the weight of the upper body and distributes it to the legs; it also forms the base for numerous muscle attachments. In the human pelvis there are two large hiphip,
in human anatomy, the joint separating the thigh bone from the pelvis, and the surrounding flesh. The adult hipbone consolidates three bones separate in youth: the ilium, ischium, and pubis. The two prominences commonly called the hipbones are the crests of the ilia.
..... Click the link for more information. bones, each consisting of three fused bones, the illium, ischium, and pubis. The hip bones form a ring around a central cavity. The fused terminal segments of the spine, known as the sacrum and coccyx, connect the hip bones at the back of the central cavity; a fibrous band connects them at the front. In women the pelvis is wider and has a larger capacity than in men, a condition that reflects the child-bearing function in women. See skeletonskeleton,
in anatomy, the stiff supportive framework of the body. The two basic types of skeleton found among animals are the exoskeleton and the endoskeleton. The shell of the clam is an exoskeleton composed primarily of calcium carbonate.
..... Click the link for more information. .

Pelvis

the part of the skeleton that in mammals joins the posterior extremities and in man joins the lower extremities. The pelvis supports the spinal column and the entire upper part of the human body. It articulates with the femoral bones and hip joints. The pelvis consists of unpaired bones—the sacrum and coccyx—and of two paired pelvic (innominate) bones. The pubic bones are joined in front by the symphysis pubica and are joined in back with the sacrum by paired sacroiliac joints reinforced by strong ligaments. Each innominate bone consists of an iliac, ischial, and pubic bone that fuse together toward the end of the growth period; the site of fusion is covered by the cotyloid cavity. The female pelvis is wider and shallower than the male pelvis.

The pelvis is divided into the false and true pelvis. The false pelvis is bounded in front by the soft tissues of the anterior abdominal wall, in back by the spinal column, and on the sides by the ossa ilii. The true pelvis is bounded in front by the pubic bones, in back by the sacrum and coccyx, and on the sides by the ischial bones and soft tissues. The false pelvis contains the organs of the lower part of the abdominal cavity, and the true pelvis contains the rectum and bladder. In males, the true pelvis contains the prostate gland and seminal vesicles, and in females, the uterus with its appendages, and the vagina.

The size of the pelvis is determined by specialized instruments; in women, vaginal examination is an additional means of measurement. The muscles of the back and of the spinal column are attached to the pelvic bones in the back, and the abdominal muscles, in front; the muscles of the lower extremities also extend from the pelvis. The paired gluteus maximus is the largest muscle in the pelvic region. Blood is supplied to the pelvic walls and the organs within the pelvis by branches of the paired internal iliac artery. The pelvis is innervated by branches of the sacral plexus.

The most dangerous injuries to the pelvis are fractures caused by a great traumatic force, with or without a break in the continuity of the pelvic circumference. Dislocations are uncommon, but children with pelvic injuries often suffer ruptures of the ligaments as well as dislocations, such as those of the hip joint, rather than fractures. When the bones in the sacroiliac articulation and symphysis pubica are simultaneously displaced, half the pelvis is dislocated. During childbirth, a break in the symphysis pubica may take place. Fractures in the region of the cotyloid cavity may be associated with dislocation of the femur. Fractures of pelvic bones may accompany injuries to the organs within the pelvis, particularly ruptures of the bladder and urethra.

Diseases of the pelvis include hematogenous osteomyelitis, in which the ossa ilii and sacrum are usually affected, impairment of the sacroiliac articulation in brucellosis, and rheumatoid arthritis.

REFERENCES

Frauchi, V. Kh. Topograficheskaia anatomiia i operativnaia khirurgiia zhivota i taza. [Kazan] 1966.
Anatomiia cheloveka. Edited by S. S. Mikhailov. Moscow, 1973.

V. F. POZHARISKII

pelvis

[′pel·vəs] (anatomy) The main, basin-shaped cavity of the kidney into which urine is discharged by nephrons. The basin-shaped structure formed by the hipbones together with the sacrum and coccyx, or caudal vertebrae. The cavity of the bony pelvis. Also known as pelvic cavity.

pelvis

1. the large funnel-shaped structure at the lower end of the trunk of most vertebrates: in man it is formed by the hipbones and sacrum 2. the bones that form this structure 3. any anatomical cavity or structure shaped like a funnel or cup 4. short for renal pelvis

pelvis

[pel´vis] (L.) 1. any basinlike structure in the body.2. the bony pelvis, the lower (caudal) portion of the trunk of the body, forming a basin bounded anteriorly and laterally by the hip bones and posteriorly by the sacrum and coccyx; it is formed by the sacrum, the coccyx, and the ilium, pubis, and ischium, bones that also form the hip" >hip and the arch" >pubic arch. These bones are separate in the child, but become fused by adulthood. The pelvis is subjected to more stress than any other body structure. Its upper part, which is somewhat flared, supports the weight of internal organs in the upper part of the body. The floor of the pelvis or pelvic floor is the layer of tissue just below the outlet, formed by the coccygeal and levator ani muscles and the perineal fascia.
Pelvic structures in men and women differ both in shape and in relative size. The male pelvis is heart-shaped and narrow and proportionately heavier and stronger than that of the female, so that it is better suited for lifting and running. The female pelvis is constructed to accommodate the fetus during pregnancy and to facilitate its downward passage through the pelvic cavity in childbirth. The most obvious difference between the male and female pelvis is in the shape. A woman's hips are wider and her pelvic cavity is round and relatively large. There are differences in the shape of the female pelvis, which must be taken into account in childbirth. During pregnancy the capacity of the pelvis and the pelvic diameters are measured, so that possible complications during labor can be anticipated.

Dynamic pelvic floor imaging using MRI. MR sequences can now be acquired every half-second or so and this rapidity allows functional studies of the gastrointestinal tract to be undertaken. A and B, These sagittal views can be used to measure pelvic floor descent as well as to give valuable information on the local anatomy. C, Diagrammatic baseline sagittal view. (1 = pubococcygeal baseline; 2 = bladder base descent; 3 = uterocervical descent; 4 = anorectal junction descent.) From Aspinal and Taylor-Robinson, 2001.

Various types of pelvic inlets.android pelvis one with a wedge-shaped inlet and narrow anterior segment typically found in the male.anthropoid pelvis one whose anteroposterior diameter equals or exceeds the transverse diameter.assimilation pelvis one in which the ilia articulate with the vertebral column higher (high assimilation pelvis) or lower (low assimilation pelvis) than normal, the number of lumbar vertebrae being correspondingly decreased or increased.beaked pelvis one with the pelvic bones laterally compressed and their anterior junction pushed forward.brachypellic pelvis a short oval type of pelvis, in which the transverse diameter exceeds the anteroposterior diameter by 1 to 3 cm.contracted pelvis one showing a decrease of 1.5 to 2 cm in an important diameter; when all dimensions are proportionately diminished, it is a generally contracted pelvis.cordate pelvis a heart-shaped pelvis.dolichopellic pelvis a long, oval pelvis with the anteroposterior diameter greater than the transverse diameter.extrarenal pelvis see pelvis" >renal pelvis.false pelvis pelvis major.flat pelvis one in which the anteroposterior dimension is abnormally reduced.frozen pelvis a condition, due to infection or carcinoma, in which the adnexa and uterus are fixed in the pelvis.funnel pelvis one with a normal inlet but a greatly narrowed outlet.greater pelvis pelvis major.gynecoid pelvis the normal female pelvis: a rounded oval pelvis with well rounded anterior and posterior segments.infantile pelvis a generally contracted pelvis with an oval shape, a high sacrum, and inclination of the walls; called also juvenile pelvis.pelvis jus´to ma´jor an unusually large gynecoid pelvis, with all dimensions increased.pelvis jus´to mi´nor a small gynecoid pelvis, with all dimensions symmetrically reduced.juvenile pelvis infantile pelvis.kyphotic pelvis a deformed pelvis marked by increase of the conjugate diameter at the brim with decrease of the transverse diameter at the outlet.lesser pelvis pelvis minor.pelvis ma´jor the part of the pelvis superior to a plane passing through the ileopectineal lines. Called also false pelvis and greater pelvis.pelvis mi´nor the part of the pelvis inferior to a plane passing through the ileopectineal lines. Called also lesser pelvis and true pelvis.Nägele's pelvis one contracted in an oblique diameter, with complete ankylosis of the sacroiliac synchondrosis on one side and imperfect development of the sacrum and coxa on the same side.Otto pelvis one in which the acetabulum is depressed, accompanied by protrusion of the femoral head into the pelvis.platypellic pelvis (platypelloid pelvis) one shortened in the anteroposterior aspect, with a flattened transverse, oval shape.rachitic pelvis one distorted as a result of rickets.renal pelvis the funnel-shaped expansion of the upper end of the ureter into which the calices" >renal calices open; it is usually within the sinus" >renal sinus, but under certain conditions a large part of it may be outside the kidney (extrarenal pelvis).scoliotic pelvis one deformed as a result of scoliosis.split pelvis one with a congenital separation at the symphysis pubis.spondylolisthetic pelvis one in which the last, or rarely the fourth or third, lumbar vertebra is dislocated in front of the sacrum, more or less occluding the pelvic brim.true pelvis pelvis minor.

pel·vis

, pl.

pel·ves

(pel'vis, pel'vēz), [TA] 1. The massive cup-shaped ring of bone, with its ligaments, at the inferior end of the trunk, formed of the hip bone (the pubic bone, ilium, and ischium) on either side and in front of the sacrum and coccyx, posteriorly. 2. Any basinlike or cup-shaped cavity, such as the pelvis of the kidney. [L. basin]

pelvis

(pĕl′vĭs)n. pl. pel·vises or pel·ves (-vēz) 1. A basin-shaped structure of the skeleton of many vertebrates, composed in humans of the hipbones on the sides, the pubis in front, and the sacrum and coccyx behind, that rests on the lower limbs and supports the spinal column.2. The cavity formed by this structure.3. See renal pelvis.

pel·vis

, pl. pelves (pel'vis, -vēz) [TA] 1. The massive, cup-shaped ring of bone, with its ligaments, at the lower end of the trunk, formed of the hip bone (the pubic bone, ilium, and ischium) on either side and in front, and of the sacrum and the coccyx posteriorly. 2. Any basinlike or cup-shaped cavity, as the pelvis of the kidney. [L. basin]

pelvis

(pel'vis) (pel'vez?) (pel'vi-sez) plural.pelvespelvises [L. pelvis, basin] 1. A basin-shaped structure or cavity.

PELVIS2. The bony compartment comprising the innominate bones, the sacrum, and the coccyx, joined at the symphysis pubis, sacroiliac, and sacrococcygeal articulations by a network of cartilage and ligaments. The structure supports the vertebral column and articulates with the lower limbs. See: illustration3. The cavity encompassed by the innominate bones, the sacrum, and the coccyx.

Anatomy

The pelvis is separated into a false or superior pelvis and a true or inferior pelvis by the iliopectineal line and the upper margin of the symphysis pubis. The circumference of this area constitutes the inlet of the true pelvis. The lower border of the true pelvis, termed the outlet, is formed by the coccyx, the protuberances of the ischia, the ascending rami of the ischia, and the descending rami of the ossa pubis and the sacrosciatic ligaments. The floor of the pelvis is formed by the perineal fascia, the levator ani, and the coccygeus muscles. All diameters normally are larger in the female than in the male.

External Diameters

Interspinous: The distance between the outer edges of the anterosuperior iliac spines, the diameter normally measuring 26 cm (1014 in.). Intercristal: The distance between the outer edges of the most prominent portion of the iliac crests, the diameter normally being 28 cm (11 in.). Intertrochanteric: The distance between the most prominent points of the femoral trochanters, 32 cm (1212 in.). Oblique (right and left): The distance from one posterosuperior iliac spine to the opposite anterosuperior iliac spine, 22 cm (812 in.), the right being slightly greater than the left. External conjugate: The distance from the undersurface of the spinous process of the last lumbar vertebra to the upper margin of the anterior surface of the symphysis pubis, 20 cm (778 in.).

Internal Diameters

True conjugate: The anteroposterior diameter of the pelvic inlet, 11 cm (414 in.), the most important single diameter of the pelvis. Diagonal conjugate: The distance between the promontory of the sacrum to the undersurface of the symphysis pubis, 13 cm (518 in.). Two cm (34 in.) are deducted for the height and inclination of the symphysis pubis to obtain the diameter of the conjugate. Transverse: The distance between the ischial tuberosities, 11 cm (414 in.). Anteroposterior (of outlet): The distance between the lower border of the symphysis pubis and the tip of the sacrum, 11 cm (414 in.). Anterior sagittal: The distance from the undersurface of the symphysis pubis to the center of the line between the ischial tuberosities, 7 cm (234 in.). Posterior sagittal: The distance from the center of line between the ischial tuberosities to the tip of the sacrum, 10 cm (4 in.).

pelvis aequabiliter justo major

A pelvis that is symmetrically larger than the standard in all its dimensions. Synonym: giant pelvis

pelvis aequabiliter justo minor

A pelvis with all its dimensions uniformly smaller than the standard. Synonym: reduced pelvis

android pelvis

The normal shape of the male pelvis. About 30% of women share this bony configuration; however, the heart-shaped inlet, convergent sidewalls, slanted sacrum, and narrow sacrosciatic notch pose problems for childbearing. The narrowed dimensions increase the risk of fetopelvic disproportion, obstructed labor, and cesarean delivery. Synonym: masculine pelvis

anthropoid pelvis

A deviation from the normal gynecoid configuration of the pelvic bones in which the anterior-posterior diameter is greater than the transverse diameter. It is found in approximately 20% of women. Deviations from the normal gynecoid configuration include a long, oval, narrow inlet and narrow sacrum, straight sidewalls, and a wide sacrosciatic notch. The shape increases the potential for fetal posterior positions during childbearing.

assimilation pelvis

A structural abnormality that results from a developmental lumbosacral fusion or from a sacrococcygeal fusion.

beaked pelvis

A pelvis with the pelvic bones laterally compressed and pushed forward so that the outlet is narrow and long. Synonym: rostrate pelvis; triradiate pelvis

bony pelvis

The skeleton of the pelvis, consisting of the right and left hip bones (each made of an ilium, an ischium, and a pubis), the sacrum, and the coccyx.

brachypellic pelvis

An oval pelvis in which the transverse diameter is at least 1 cm longer, but no more than 3 cm longer, than the anteroposterior diameter of the pelvis.

brim of the pelvis

Brim (2).

contracted pelvis

A pelvis in which one or more of the principal diameters is reduced to a degree that parturition is impeded.

cordate pelvis

A pelvis possessing a heart-shaped inlet.

coxalgic pelvis

A pelvis deformed subsequent to hip joint disease.

dolichopellic pelvis

An abnormal pelvis in which the anteroposterior diameter is greater than the transverse diameter.

dwarf pelvis

An unusually small pelvis in which all diameters are symmetrically reduced.

elastic pelvis

Osteomalacic pelvis.

extrarenal pelvis

A renal pelvis located outside the kidney.

false pelvis

The portion of the pelvic cavity that lies above the pelvic brim, bounded by the linea terminalis and the iliac fossae. It supports the weight of the growing uterus during the middle and last trimesters of pregnancy. Synonym: pelvis major

fissured pelvis

A structural malformation in which the ilia are pushed forward to an almost parallel position; caused by rickets.

flat pelvis

A pelvis in which the anteroposterior diameters are shortened.

frozen pelvis

Adhesion of the female reproductive organs to the peritoneum or bowel by cancer, endometriosis, or pelvic infection.

funnel-shaped pelvis

A pelvis in which the outlet is considerably contracted but the inlet dimensions are normal.

giant pelvis

Pelvis aequabiliter justo major.

gynecoid pelvis

A normal female pelvis. Relative to the male pelvis, it has a wider bone structure and a more oval shape.

halisteretic pelvis

A deformed pelvis resulting from softening of bones because of osteomalacia..

infantile pelvis

An adult pelvis that retains its infantile characteristics. Synonym: juvenile pelvis

pelvis justo major

An unusually large pelvis.

juvenile pelvis

Infantile pelvis.

kyphoscoliotic pelvis

A deformed pelvis caused by rickets.

kyphotic pelvis

A deformed pelvis characterized by an increase of the conjugate diameter at the brim with reduction of the transverse diameter at the outlet.

lordotic pelvis

A deformed pelvis in which the spinal column has an anterior curvature in the lumbar region.

pelvis major

False pelvis.

masculine pelvis

A female pelvis that resembles a male pelvis, esp. in that it is narrower, more conical, and heavier-boned and has a heart-shaped inlet. Synonym: android pelvis

pelvis minor

True pelvis.

pelvis obtecta

A deformed pelvis in which the vertebral column extends across the pelvic inlet.

osteomalacic pelvis

A pelvis distorted because of osteomalacia. Synonym: elastic pelvis

Otto pelvis

See: Otto pelvis

platypellic pelvis

A rare structural malformation that resembles a flattened gynecoid pelvis with shortened anteroposterior and wide transverse diameters.

pseudo-osteomalacic pelvis

A rachitic pelvis similar to that of a person with osteomalacia.

rachitic pelvis

A pelvis deformed from rickets.

reduced pelvis

Pelvis aequabiliter justo minor.

renal pelvis

The expanded proximal end of the ureter. It is within the renal sinus of the kidney and receives the urine through the major calyces.

reniform pelvis

A pelvis shaped like a kidney.

Robert pelvis

See: Robert pelvis

rostrate pelvis

Beaked pelvis.

pelvis rotunda

A tympanic depression in the inner wall, at the bottom of which is the fenestra rotunda.

round pelvis

A pelvis with a circular inlet.

scoliotic pelvis

A deformed pelvis resulting from spinal curvature.

simple flat pelvis

A pelvis with a shortened anteroposterior diameter.

pelvis spinosa

A rachitic pelvis with a pointed pubic crest. Synonym: Kilian pelvis

split pelvis

A pelvis with a congenital division at the symphysis pubis.

spondylolisthetic pelvis

A pelvis in which the last lumbar vertebra is dislocated in front of the sacrum, causing occlusion of the brim.

triradiate pelvis

Beaked pelvis.

true pelvis

The portion of the pelvis lying below the iliopectineal line. The dimensions of the true pelvis are of obstetrical significance in determining the success of fetal descent. Synonym: pelvis minor

pelvis

1. The basin-like bony girdle at the lower end of the spine with which the legs articulate. The pelvis consists of the SACRUM and COCCYX, behind, and the INNOMINATE bones on either side. Each innominate bone is made up of three bones-the pubis, the ilium and the ischium. 2. Any funnel-shaped structure such as the pelvis of the kidney.

pel·vis

, pl. pelves (pel'vis, -vēz) [TA] Massive cup-shaped ring of bone, with its ligaments, at inferior end of the trunk, formed of hip bone (pubic bone, ilium, and ischium) on either side and in front of sacrum and coccyx, posteriorly. [L. basin]

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Pelvis

REFERENCES

pelvis

pelvis

pelvis

pelvis

pel·vis

pel·ves

pelvis

pel·vis

pelvis

Anatomy

External Diameters

Internal Diameters

pelvis aequabiliter justo major

pelvis aequabiliter justo minor

android pelvis

anthropoid pelvis

assimilation pelvis

beaked pelvis

bony pelvis

brachypellic pelvis

brim of the pelvis

contracted pelvis

cordate pelvis

coxalgic pelvis

dolichopellic pelvis

dwarf pelvis

elastic pelvis

extrarenal pelvis

false pelvis

fissured pelvis

flat pelvis

frozen pelvis

funnel-shaped pelvis

giant pelvis

gynecoid pelvis

halisteretic pelvis

infantile pelvis

pelvis justo major

juvenile pelvis

kyphoscoliotic pelvis

kyphotic pelvis

lordotic pelvis

pelvis major

masculine pelvis

pelvis minor

pelvis obtecta

osteomalacic pelvis

Otto pelvis

platypellic pelvis

pseudo-osteomalacic pelvis

rachitic pelvis

reduced pelvis

renal pelvis

reniform pelvis

Robert pelvis

rostrate pelvis

pelvis rotunda

round pelvis

scoliotic pelvis

simple flat pelvis

pelvis spinosa

split pelvis

spondylolisthetic pelvis

triradiate pelvis

true pelvis

pelvis

pel·vis

pelvis