production

pro·duc·tion

P0580900 (prə-dŭk′shən, prō-)n.1. a. The act or process of producing: timber used for the production of lumber and paper.b. The fact or process of being produced: a movie going into production.2. The creation of value or wealth by producing goods and services.3. The total output, as of a commodity: increased production at the plant.4. Something produced; a product: "Of all the productions of land, milk is perhaps the most perishable" (Adam Smith).5. a. A work of art or literature.b. A work produced for the stage, screen, television, or radio.c. A staging or presentation of a theatrical work: a new Broadway production of a musical.6. A situation or display that is exaggerated or unduly complicated: made a production out of the birthday party.

pro·duc′tion·al adj.

production

(prəˈdʌkʃən) n1. the act of producing2. anything that is produced; product3. the amount produced or the rate at which it is produced4. (Economics) economics the creation or manufacture for sale of goods and services with exchange value5. any work created as a result of literary or artistic effort6. (Film) the organization and presentation of a film, play, opera, etc7. (Theatre) Brit the artistic direction of a play8. (Music, other) a. the supervision of the arrangement, recording, and mixing of a recordb. the overall sound quality or character of a recording: the material is very strong but the production is poor. 9. (Automotive Engineering) (modifier) manufactured by a mass-production process: a production model of a car. 10. make a production out of make a production of informal to make an unnecessary fuss about proˈductional adj

pro•duc•tion

(prəˈdʌk ʃən)

n. 1. the act of producing; creation or manufacture. 2. something produced; product. 3. the amount produced. 4. a work of literature or art. 5. the act of presenting for display; presentation; exhibition: the production of evidence. 6. an unnecessarily or exaggeratedly complicated situation or activity: That child makes a production out of going to bed. 7. a. the organization and presentation of a play or other entertainment. b. the entertainment itself. adj. 8. not custom-made or specially produced: a production model. [1400–50; < Latin] pro•duc′tion•al, adj.

production

arborization - The production of a treelike structure.
Broca's area - An area of the brain involved with the production of speech; it was named after P. Paul Broca, a French surgeon.
economic, economical - Economic means "pertaining to the production and use of income," and economical is "avoiding waste, being careful of resources."
value-added tax - A tax levied on the difference between a commodity's price before taxes and its cost of production.

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	production - the act or process of producing something; "Shakespeare's production of poetry was enormous"; "the production of white blood cells"human action, human activity, act, deed - something that people do or cause to happenrainmaking - activity intended to produce raindevising, fashioning, making - the act that results in something coming to be; "the devising of plans"; "the fashioning of pots and pans"; "the making of measurements"; "it was already in the making"foliation - the production of foil by cutting or beating metal into thin leavescanalisation, canalization - the production of a canal or a conversion to canalsgrowing - (electronics) the production of (semiconductor) crystals by slow crystallization from the molten statesteel production - making steel from pig iron
	2.	production - a presentation for the stage or screen or radio or television; "have you seen the new production of Hamlet?"presentation - the act of making something publicly available; presenting news or other information by broadcasting or printing it; "he prepared his presentation carefully in advance"staging, theatrical production - the production of a drama on the stagecoup de theatre - a sensational bit of stagecraft
	3.	production - an artifact that has been created by someone or some process; "they improve their product every year"; "they export most of their agricultural production"productbook, volume - physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together; "he used a large book as a doorstop"book - a number of sheets (ticket or stamps etc.) bound together on one edge; "he bought a book of stamps"spin-off, byproduct, by-product - a product made during the manufacture of something elsecreation - an artifact that has been brought into existence by someonedeliverable - something that can be provided as the product of development; "under this contract the deliverables include both software and hardware"end product, output - final product; the things producedbrainchild, inspiration - a product of your creative thinking and work; "he had little respect for the inspirations of other artists"; "after years of work his brainchild was a tangible reality"job - an object worked on; a result produced by working; "he held the job in his left hand and worked on it with his right"magazine - product consisting of a paperback periodic publication as a physical object; "tripped over a pile of magazines"newspaper, paper - the physical object that is the product of a newspaper publisher; "when it began to rain he covered his head with a newspaper"outturn, turnout, output - what is produced in a given time periodturnery - products made on a lathepiece of work, work - a product produced or accomplished through the effort or activity or agency of a person or thing; "it is not regarded as one of his more memorable works"; "the symphony was hailed as an ingenious work"; "he was indebted to the pioneering work of John Dewey"; "the work of an active imagination"; "erosion is the work of wind or water over time"fruit, yield - an amount of a productmotion picture, motion-picture show, movie, moving picture, moving-picture show, pic, film, picture show, flick, picture - a form of entertainment that enacts a story by sound and a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement; "they went to a movie every Saturday night"; "the film was shot on location"
	4.	production - (law) the act of exhibiting in a court of law; "the appellate court demanded the production of all documents"exhibition - the act of exhibiting; "a remarkable exhibition of musicianship"law, jurisprudence - the collection of rules imposed by authority; "civilization presupposes respect for the law"; "the great problem for jurisprudence to allow freedom while enforcing order"
	5.	production - the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time); "production was up in the second quarter"output, yieldindefinite quantity - an estimated quantitypicking, pick - the quantity of a crop that is harvested; "he sent the first picking of berries to the market"; "it was the biggest peach pick in years"
	6.	production - a display that is exaggerated or unduly complicated; "she tends to make a big production out of nothing"display - behavior that makes your feelings public; "a display of emotion"
	7.	production - (economics) manufacturing or mining or growing something (usually in large quantities) for sale; "he introduced more efficient methods of production"mass production - the production of large quantities of a standardized article (often using assembly line techniques)overproduction, overrun - too much production or more than expectedunderproduction - inadequate production or less than expectedyield, output - production of a certain amountcapacity - the maximum production possible; "the plant is working at 80 per cent capacity"breeding - the production of animals or plants by inbreeding or hybridizationbrewing - the production of malt beverages (as beer or ale) from malt and hops by grinding and boiling them and fermenting the result with yeastcultivation - (agriculture) production of food by preparing the land to grow crops (especially on a large scale)cultivation - the act of raising or growing plants (especially on a large scale)generation - the production of heat or electricity; "dams were built for the generation of electricity"mining, excavation - the act of extracting ores or coal etc from the earthquarrying - the extraction of building stone or slate from an open surface quarryoil production, boring, drilling - the act of drilling a hole in the earth in the hope of producing petroleumsericulture - the production of raw silk by raising silkwormsmanufacture, industry - the organized action of making of goods and services for sale; "American industry is making increased use of computers to control production"economic science, economics, political economy - the branch of social science that deals with the production and distribution and consumption of goods and services and their management
	8.	production - the creation of value or wealth by producing goods and servicescreation, creative activity - the human act of creating

production

noun1. producing, making, manufacture, manufacturing, construction, assembly, preparation, formation, fabrication, origination two companies involved in the production of the steel pipes2. creation, development, fashioning, composition, origination the apparent lack of skill in the production of much new modern art3. output, yield, productivity We need to increase the volume of production.4. management, administration, direction the story behind the show's production5. presentation, staging, mounting a critically acclaimed production of Othello6. presentation, showing, display, proffering discounts on production of membership cards

production

noun1. Something produced by human effort:product.2. The amount or quantity produced:output, yield.3. Something that is the result of creative effort:composition, opus, piece, work.

Translations

产量制作制造演出生产

produce

(prəˈdjuːs) verb1. to bring out. She produced a letter from her pocket.出示2. to give birth to. A cow produces one or two calves a year. 生，产 3. to cause. His joke produced a shriek of laughter from the children.引起4. to make or manufacture. The factory produces furniture. 制造，生产 5. to give or yield. The country produces enough food for the population. 生产，出产 6. to arrange and prepare (a theatre performance, film, television programme etc). The play was produced by Henry Dobson. 演出，创作 (ˈprodjuːs) noun something that is produced, especially crops, eggs, milk etc from farms. agricultural/farm produce. 产品，农产品 proˈducer noun a person who produces a play, film, etc, but is usually not responsible for instructing the actors. （电影的）制片人 product (ˈprodəkt) noun1. a result. The plan was the product of hours of thought.结果2. something manufactured. The firm manufactures metal products.产品3. the result of multiplying one number by another. The product of 9 and 2 is 18. （乘）积 proˈduction (-ˈdakʃən) noun1. the act or process of producing something. car-production; The production of the film cost a million dollars. 制作，制造 2. the amount produced, especially of manufactured goods. The new methods increased production.产量3. a particular performance, or set of repeated performances, of a play etc. I prefer this production of `Hamlet' to the one I saw two years ago.演出proˈductive (-ˈdaktiv) adjective (negative unproductive) producing a lot; fruitful. productive land; Our discussion was not very productive.多产的productivity (prodəkˈtivəti) noun the rate or efficiency of work especially in industrial production. 生产率

production

→ 生产zhCN

production

production,

in economics, all those activities that have to do with the creation of commodities, by imparting to raw materials utility, added value, or the ability to satisfy human wants. The farmer who grows wheat, the miller who grinds the wheat into flour, and the baker who transforms flour into bread are examples of producers who, each in his own way, impart utility to a natural or partially processed material. Production was the major thrust of industry until at least the beginning of the 20th cent., when sales and marketingmarketing,
in economics, that part of the process of production and exchange that is concerned with the flow of goods and services from producer to consumer. In popular usage it is defined as the distribution and sale of goods, distribution
..... Click the link for more information. began to be considered equally important in the transference of commodities from producers to consumers. Today, the prevailing mode of production is called mass production, with cottage industry accounting for only a minor portion of the market in most areas of the world.

Many historians place the beginnings of mass production around 1800, with Eli WhitneyWhitney, Eli,
1765–1825, American inventor of the cotton gin, b. Westboro, Mass., grad. Yale, 1792. When he was staying as tutor at Mulberry Grove, the plantation of Mrs. Nathanael Greene, Whitney was encouraged by Mrs.
..... Click the link for more information. 's firearms factory approximating the labor process of modern industrial production. The mass production method, generally involving the piecing together of standardized, interchangeable parts by a number of workers, reached its apex in the automobile manufacturing of the early 20th cent. Increasing automation, with attendant increases in the division of labor, allowed manufacturers to hire unskilled or semiskilled labor, which would repeatedly perform small tasks in the ultimate production of a commodity. Hence, mass production often took the form of an assembly line, in which a continuous flow of products moves steadily forward toward completion.

For most kinds of production in modern society, large amounts of capitalcapital,
in economics, the elements of production from which an income is derived, usually defined with the exception of land and labor. As originally used in business, capital denoted interest-bearing money.
..... Click the link for more information. in the form of machinery are required. Equally essential are land and its natural resources, from which the raw materials are obtained, and labor, which, with the aid of capital, extracts and transforms the raw materials. To these three primary factors of production is sometimes added a fourth: the entrepreneur who organizes the forces of production and assumes the risks. Since under capitalism production is for a market, an important function of the entrepreneur is to anticipate as accurately as possible the economic demands for goods and to produce the kind and quantity of goods that will meet that demand. In order to meet the great expenses of mass production, particularly the capital necessary in most industries, groups of speculators often take on the risks of production, and the individual entrepreneur has become less significant.

Another late 20th-century trend has been toward greater computerization of the production process; increasingly, computers are not only being integrated into the machinery of production but are replacing much of the human labor as well. Computerization has made assembly lines faster and more accurate and has given them more flexibility. Through computerized instructions, the design and manufacture of many mass-produced products can easily be modified to suit the needs of the individual customer.

Production

(material production), the process of creating the material goods necessary for the existence and development of society; the transformation and “acquisition of the objects of nature by an individual within the limits of and by means of a certain social form” (K. Marx, in K. Marx and F. Engels, Soch., 2nd ed., vol. 12, p. 713).

Production, which is a natural condition of human life and the material basis for other types of activity, exists in all the stages of development of human society. The content of production determines the process of labor, which presupposes three aspects: a purposeful activity, or labor itself; an object of labor, or something at which purposeful human activity is directed; and the means of labor, especially the instruments of labor—the machines, equipment, and tools by which man transforms the objects of labor, adapting them to satisfy his needs. The products of material production are material goods—a combination of a natural substance and labor.

Material goods satisfy the needs of man and society directly, as means of subsistence and as consumer goods, and indirectly, as means of production. Consumer goods, which are used only for personal consumption, satisfy people’s natural needs for food, clothing, and housing, as well as their cultural and intellectual needs. The means of production, which include the objects and means of labor, are used only for productive consumption.

Material production differs from other types of human activity, including nonmaterial production. The main criterion of material production is its effect on nature through the means of labor.

Production is primarily an attitude of people toward nature, but people do not produce material goods in isolation. They create them jointly, entering into certain production relations. Thus, the production of material goods is always social production. There are two aspects of production: the productive forces and production relations. The productive forces express society’s relationship to natural forces and objects, the mastery of which provides people with material goods. The term “production relations” means the relationship of people to each other in production. Viewed as an entity consisting of the productive forces and the production relations, production is the mode of producing material goods, which determines the character of a particular society.

Social production encompasses the direct process of producing material goods, as well as the exchange, distribution, and consumption of these goods. Dialectical relationships and mutual interactions are characteristic of this entity, but production has primacy over the other elements. Bourgeois political economy separates the elements of social production as a whole, isolating distribution from production, for example. Criticizing bourgeois economists, Marx wrote: “Distribution in the most superficial sense operates as the distribution of products and, therefore, seems remote from production and supposedly independent of it. However, before distribution is the distribution of products, it is (1) the distribution of the instruments of production, and (2) what is a further definition of the same relation—the distribution of the members of society in the various types of production” (ibid., vol. 12, p. 722). Marx emphasized that this type of distribution, which is the initial aspect of production, determines the distribution of the products of labor.

Social production consists of two major subdivisions: the production of the means of production (subdivision I) and the production of consumer goods (subdivision II; see). Production develops in accordance with the operation of objective economic laws, of which the determining one is the basic economic law inherent in each mode of production. Capitalist production, which is based on private ownership of the means of production and on the exploitation of wage labor by capital, develops in conformity with spontaneously operating economic laws. It is interrupted by economic crises and is subordinate to the aim of extracting the maximum profit, which is taken by the capitalists.

In socialist society, production is based on social ownership of the means of production and develops rapidly in conformity with a plan. Under socialism, the aims of production are the satisfaction of the ever-increasing material and cultural needs of all members of society and the comprehensive development of the individual.

According to the conventional classification, in the USSR material production includes many sectors of the national economy: industry, agriculture, forestry, water management, freight transportation, communications serving the enterprises of the production sphere, construction, trade and public catering, material and technical supply and marketing, and procurements. Sectors such as trade and public catering, as well as material and technical supply and marketing, are considered part of material production because they involve primarily production operations.

Modern production is developing under the conditions of the scientific and technological revolution, the chief effect of which is automation, or the transfer of the functions of control to machines. As a result, the technical basis of production rises to a qualitatively new level, and it is freed from virtually all restrictions, which are associated with the natural potential of the labor force. Consequently, automation ensures an unlimited growth of labor productivity. It also radically changes man’s role in production, as well as the character of his labor. Labor shifts from direct involvement in the process of production to the functions of control and regulation. “Instead of being the chief agent of the production process, the worker stands next to it” (ibid., vol. 46, part 2, p. 213). The scientific and technological revolution also means a change in the energy basis for production and in the character of the objects of labor. In modern production, science has become a direct productive force.

REFERENCES

Marx, K. Kapital, vol. 1. In K. Marx and F. Engels, Soch., 2nd ed., vol. 23.
Marx, K. Iz rukopisnogo nasledstva, ibid., vol. 12.
Metodicheskie ukazaniia k sostavleniiu gosudarstvennogo plana razvitiia narodnogo khoziaistva SSSR. Moscow, 1969.
Kiperman, G. Ia. Klassifikatsiia otraslei narodnogo khoziaistva SSSR. Moscow, 1964.
Zapol’skaia, V. V. Neproizvodstvennaia sfera v SSSR i perspektivy ee dal’-neishego razvitiia. Voronezh, 1966.
Kozak, V. E. Proizvoditel’nyi i neproizvoditel’nyi trud. Kiev, 1971.
Solodkov, M. V., T. D. Poliakova, and L. N. Ovsiannikov. Teoreticheskie problemy uslug i neproizvodstvennoi sfery pri sotsializme. Moscow, 1972.

M. V. SOLODKOV

production

[prə′dək·shən] (computer science) The processing of useful work by a computer system, excluding the development and testing of new programs. A rule in a grammar of a formal language that describes how parts of a string (or word, phrase, or construct) can be replaced by other strings. Also known as rule of inference. (engineering) Output, such as units made in a factory, oil from a well, or chemicals from a processing plant.

production

1. Economics the creation or manufacture for sale of goods and services with exchange value 2. the organization and presentation of a film, play, opera, etc. 3. Brit the artistic direction of a play 4. a. the supervision of the arrangement, recording, and mixing of a record b. the overall sound quality or character of a recording 5. manufactured by a mass-production process

production

pro·duc·tion

production

pro•duc•tion

production

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production

produce

production

production

make a production (out) of (something)

on (the) production of (something)

make a production of something

make a production of

on production of something

production

production,

Production

REFERENCES

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Patient discussion about production

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Synonyms for production

noun producing

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noun creation

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noun output

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noun management

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noun presentation

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noun presentation

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Synonyms for production

noun something produced by human effort

Synonyms

noun the amount or quantity produced

Synonyms

noun something that is the result of creative effort

Synonyms

Synonyms for production

noun the act or process of producing something

Related Words

noun a presentation for the stage or screen or radio or television

Related Words

noun an artifact that has been created by someone or some process

Synonyms

Related Words

noun (law) the act of exhibiting in a court of law

Related Words

noun the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time)

Synonyms

Related Words

noun a display that is exaggerated or unduly complicated

Related Words

noun (economics) manufacturing or mining or growing something (usually in large quantities) for sale

Related Words

noun the creation of value or wealth by producing goods and services

Related Words