social pathology

social pathology

(by analogy with health and sickness in organisms) any condition of society regarded as unhealthy. With biological analogies currently being looked on with suspicion the term is now relatively little used, but was used by functionalist sociologists including DURKHEIM (1895). Durkheim drew a distinction between ‘normal’ and ‘abnormal’ states of society. He assumed that the ‘average’ condition in a particular type of society also represented the ‘normal’ and ‘functional’ condition for that type of society. On this basis pathological conditions could in principle also be identified. Thus while crime, for example, must be regarded as a normal feature of societies, an excessive incidence of crime could be seen as pathological. See also SOCIAL PROBLEMS, ABNORMAL.