profession

pro·fes·sion

P0582200 (prə-fĕsh′ən)n.1. a. An occupation or career: "One of the highest compliments a child can pay a parent is to choose his or her profession" (Joan Nathan).b. An occupation, such as law, medicine, or engineering, that requires considerable training and specialized study.c. The body of qualified persons in an occupation or field: members of the teaching profession.2. An act or instance of professing; a declaration.3. An avowal of faith or belief.4. A faith or belief: believers of various professions.

profession

(prəˈfɛʃən) n1. an occupation requiring special training in the liberal arts or sciences, esp one of the three learned professions, law, theology, or medicine2. the body of people in such an occupation3. the act of professing; avowal; declaration4. (Ecclesiastical Terms) a. Also called: profession of faith a declaration of faith in a religion, esp as made on entering the Church of that religion or an order belonging to itb. the faith or the religion that is the subject of such a declaration[C13: from Medieval Latin professiō the taking of vows upon entering a religious order, from Latin: public acknowledgment; see profess]

pro•fes•sion

(prəˈfɛʃ ən)

n. 1. a vocation requiring extensive education in science or the liberal arts and often specialized training. 2. any vocation or business. 3. the body of persons engaged in an occupation: the medical profession. 4. the act of professing; avowal. 5. a. the declaration of belief in religion or a faith. b. a religion or faith professed.

Profession

a body of persons engaged in a craft or trade, collectively.Examples: the profession (actors collectively); profession of divinity, 1682; of husbandry, 1557; legal profession (lawyers collectively), medical profession, 1541; the three great professions of divinity, law, and physick, 1771.

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	profession - the body of people in a learned occupation; "the news spread rapidly through the medical profession"; "they formed a community of scientists"legal community, legal profession, bar - the body of individuals qualified to practice law in a particular jurisdiction; "he was admitted to the bar in New Jersey"health profession - the body of individuals whose work helps to maintain the health of their clientsbusiness community, businessmen - the body of individuals who manage businessescommunity of scholars - the body of individuals holding advanced academic degreeseconomics profession - the body of professional economistspriesthood - the body of ordained religious practitionersoccupational group, vocation - a body of people doing the same kind of work
	2.	profession - an occupation requiring special education (especially in the liberal arts or sciences)job, line of work, occupation, business, line - the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money; "he's not in my line of business"learned profession - one of the three professions traditionally believed to require advanced learning and high principlesliterature - the profession or art of a writer; "her place in literature is secure"architecture - the profession of designing buildings and environments with consideration for their esthetic effecteducation - the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)journalism - the profession of reporting or photographing or editing news stories for one of the mediapolitics - the profession devoted to governing and to political affairsengineering, technology - the practical application of science to commerce or industry
	3.	profession - an open avowal (true or false) of some belief or opinion; "a profession of disagreement"professingaffirmation, avouchment, avowal - a statement asserting the existence or the truth of something
	4.	profession - affirmation of acceptance of some religion or faith; "a profession of Christianity"affirmation - (religion) a solemn declaration that serves the same purpose as an oath (if an oath is objectionable to the person on religious or ethical grounds)

profession

noun1. occupation, calling, business, career, employment, line, office, position, sphere, vocation, walk of life, line of work, métier Harper was a teacher by profession.2. declaration, statement, vow, testimony, claim, confession, assertion, affirmation, acknowledgment, avowal, attestation a profession of faith

profession

nounActivity pursued as a livelihood:art, business, calling, career, craft, employment, job, line, métier, occupation, pursuit, trade, vocation, work.Slang: racket.Archaic: employ.

Translations

职业专业同行声明某专业的人

profess

(prəˈfes) verb1. to state or declare openly. 承认2. to claim or pretend. He professed to be an expert. 声称，冒充 proˈfession (-ʃən) noun1. an occupation or job that needs special knowledge, eg medicine, law, teaching, engineering etc. 职业，专业 2. the people who have such an occupation. the legal profession. 某专业的人，同行 3. an open statement or declaration. 声明proˈfessional (-ʃə-) adjective (negative unprofessional). 1. of a profession. professional skill.专业的2. of a very high standard. a very professional performance.职业性的3. earning money by performing, or giving instruction, in a sport or other activity that is a pastime for other people; not amateur. a professional musician/golfer.职业上的 noun (abbreviation pro (prou) ) a person who is professional. a golf professional/pro.专业人员proˈfessionally adverb 职业（地）

profession

→ 职业zhCN

profession

a. a declaration of faith in a religion, esp as made on entering the Church of that religion or an order belonging to it b. the faith or the religion that is the subject of such a declaration

profession

any MIDDLE-CLASS occupational group, characterized by claims to a high level of technical and intellectual expertise, autonomy in recruitment and discipline, and a commitment to public service. The ‘traditional’ professions are Law, Medicine, the Church and the Armed Forces, but both the term and its application are still debated. Among the reasons for this are the rise of new areas of technical knowledge and specialization and the everyday use of the term to refer to any and all occupations, or to distinguish between individuals who have exactly the same expertise by some nontechnical standard (e.g. money, social class). In the sociological literature, the debates have tended to concern problems of definition and the most significant features of professions.

Until the 1970s, there was a tendency in sociological work to discuss professions in their own terms and thus to reflect a functionalist ideology of expert public service as the main criterion for professional status. An early contribution (Flexner, 1915) exemplifies this. Flexner emphasized the intellectual, non-manual character of professions which necessitated long, specialist training in knowledge and techniques, their strong internal organization to deal with communication and discipline and their practical orientation, which was seen as altruistic – motivated by public service rather than personal profit. Most sociological work until recently echoed these themes, emphasizing the high status which followed from these characteristics. Later functionalists continued to debate the nature of professions, emphasizing different elements but broadly agreeing on the essential points. Talcott PARSONS (1964a) took the argument further. He started with the familiar features of esoteric knowledge and altruism but added that by virtue of expertise and knowledge, the professional has authority over the lay person and that the characteristics of professionalism were a distinct and increasingly important feature of modern institutions. The implication that professionalization was occurring on an important scale has been a theme in much of the work on professions but has not always been developed in the same terms as Parsons or other functionalists. Whereas functionalists tended to emphasize the value to society, the high prestige and selflessness of professions, other approaches have emphasized power and self-interest. One might say that where the view from the professions emphasized the advantages of professionalism to the community, later critical approaches stressed the advantages to the professionals themselves. One of the earliest of these analyses was by Hughes (1952) who argued that professions did not simply operate to the benefit of clients, their organization and practices also protected and benefited the practitioners. In particular, the claim to authoritative knowledge means that only the professionals can judge whether work has been done properly and the professional organization can serve to defend the practitioner rather than the client. This critical view has been typical of more recent approaches. Johnson (1972), developed the argument on the relationship between client and practitioner. emphasizing the power which professionals have to define the needs and treatment of their clients and to resolve any disputes in their own favour. Parry and Parry (1976) studied the medical profession

and argued that the ‘producer-consumer’ relationship is a less important consideration than the wish to establish a monopoly of practice – to get rid of rival medical approaches. The claim to unique competence, legally supported, is the basic strategy of professionalization. Self-regulation and control of recruitment are essential parts of the process. The advantages of professional (monopoly) status are to guarantee high material rewards, exclude outside judgement of performance and give guaranteed security of tenure to those allowed to practise.

This argument sees professionalization as a self-interested strategy and, in that sense, breaks down many of the distinctions which were formerly made between middle-class and working-class occupations. Skilled manual workers, for example, also have attempted to control recruitment by apprenticeships and to protect members’ security by trade unionism and ‘restrictive’ job-definitions whereby permissibility to do particular jobs was strictly limited to a craft member. Manual workers, due to factors such as technological change and market situation in periods of high unemployment, have been less successful than professions in maintaining their monopoly privileges, but there are signs that the traditional professions are under pressure in their claims to monopoly and autonomy. The increasing popularity and success of alternative medicine, for example, and proposed changes in the legal profession, including the weakening of solicitors’ effective monopoly on conveyancing and barristers’ monopoly on higher court representation, are cases in point. These changes, though, have not diminished the popularity of professionalization as a strategy of SOCIAL MOBILITY, because material and prestige rewards are still apparent.

profession

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profession

pro•fes•sion

Profession

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wear (one's particular profession's) hat

the oldest profession

the oldest profession

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Patient discussion about profession

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Synonyms for profession

noun occupation

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noun declaration

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Synonyms for profession

noun activity pursued as a livelihood

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Synonyms for profession

noun the body of people in a learned occupation

Related Words

noun an occupation requiring special education (especially in the liberal arts or sciences)

Related Words

noun an open avowal (true or false) of some belief or opinion

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Related Words

noun affirmation of acceptance of some religion or faith

Related Words