| 释义 |
reduction
re·duc·tion R0107900 (rĭ-dŭk′shən)n.1. The act or process of reducing.2. The result of reducing: a reduction in absenteeism.3. The amount by which something is lessened or diminished: a reduction of 12 percent in violent crime.4. A sauce that has been thickened or concentrated by boiling.5. Biology The first meiotic division, in which the chromosome number is reduced from diploid to haploid. Also called reduction division.6. Chemistry a. A decrease in positive valence or an increase in negative valence by the gaining of electrons.b. A reaction in which hydrogen is combined with a compound.c. A reaction in which oxygen is removed from a compound.7. Mathematics a. The canceling of common factors in the numerator and denominator of a fraction.b. The converting of a fraction to its decimal equivalent.c. The converting of an expression or equation to its simplest form.
[Middle English reduccioun, restoration, action of bringing back to a former state, from Middle French reduction, from Old French redution, from Latin reductiō, reductiōn-, from reductus, past participle of redūcere, to bring back; see reduce.]
re·duc′tion·al adj.reduction (rɪˈdʌkʃən) n1. the act or process or an instance of reducing2. the state or condition of being reduced3. the amount by which something is reduced4. a form of an original resulting from a reducing process, such as a copy on a smaller scale5. a simplified form, such as an orchestral score arranged for piano6. (Mathematics) maths a. the process of converting a fraction into its decimal formb. the process of dividing out the common factors in the numerator and denominator of a fraction; cancellationc. cookery d. the process of concentrating a liquid such as wine or stock by boiling away some of the water in it, esp in order to make a saucee. a sauce made in this way: a red wine reduction. 7. (Cooking) cookery a. the process of concentrating a liquid such as wine or stock by boiling away some of the water in it, esp in order to make a sauceb. a sauce made in this way: a red wine reduction. reˈductive adjre•duc•tion (rɪˈdʌk ʃən)
n. 1. the act or process of reducing, or the state of being reduced. 2. the amount by which something is reduced. 3. a form produced by reducing; a copy on a smaller scale. 4. Biol. meiosis, esp. the first meiotic cell division in which the chromosome number is reduced by half. 5. the process or result of reducing a chemical substance. [1475–85; earlier reduccion < Middle French reduction < Latin reductiō bringing back] re•duc′tion•al, adj. re·duc·tion (rĭ-dŭk′shən)1. Mathematics The changing of a fraction into a simpler form, especially by dividing the numerator and denominator by a common factor. For example, the fraction 8/12 can be reduced to 4/6 , which can be further reduced to 2/3 , in each case by dividing both the numerator and denominator by 2.2. Chemistry A chemical reaction in which an atom or ion gains electrons, thus undergoing a decrease in valence. If an iron atom having a valence of +3 gains an electron, the valence decreases to +2. Compare oxidation.reductionThe creation of lanes through a minefield or obstacle to allow passage of the attacking ground force.reduction1. The reverse of oxidation.2. A surgical method of restoring an original relationship, for example by manipulating bones or hernias back into the original position.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  reduction - the act of decreasing or reducing somethingstep-down, diminution, decreasechange of magnitude - the act of changing the amount or size of somethingcut - the act of reducing the amount or number; "the mayor proposed extensive cuts in the city budget"mitigation, moderation - the action of lessening in severity or intensity; "the object being control or moderation of economic depressions"lowering - the act of causing to become lesscutback - a reduction in quantity or ratedevaluation - the reduction of something's value or worthdevitalisation, devitalization - the act of reducing the vitality of somethingmitigation, palliation, extenuation - to act in such a way as to cause an offense to seem less seriousalleviation, easement, easing, relief - the act of reducing something unpleasant (as pain or annoyance); "he asked the nurse for relief from the constant pain"de-escalation - (war) a reduction in intensity (of a crisis or a war)minimisation, minimization - the act of reducing something to the least possible amount or degree or positiondepletion - the act of decreasing something markedlyshortening - act of decreasing in length; "the dress needs shortening"shrinking - the act of becoming lesssubtraction, deduction - the act of subtracting (removing a part from the whole); "he complained about the subtraction of money from their paychecks"deflation - the act of letting the air out of somethingdiscount, price reduction, deduction - the act of reducing the selling price of merchandiserollback - reducing prices back to some earlier levelweakening - the act of reducing the strength of somethingdepreciation - a decrease in price or value; "depreciation of the dollar against the yen"contraction - the act of decreasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scopereverse split, reverse stock split, split down - a decrease in the number of outstanding shares of a corporation without changing the shareholders' equityamortisation, amortization - the reduction of the value of an asset by prorating its cost over a period of yearsdeclassification - reduction or removal by the government of restrictions on a classified document or weapontax shelter, shelter - a way of organizing business to reduce the taxes it must pay on current earningstax credit - a direct reduction in tax liability (not dependent on the taxpayer's tax bracket) | | 2. | reduction - any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen); always occurs accompanied by oxidation of the reducing agentreducingchemical reaction, reaction - (chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others; "there was a chemical reaction of the lime with the ground water" | | 3. | reduction - the act of reducing complexitysimplificationchange - the action of changing something; "the change of government had no impact on the economy"; "his change on abortion cost him the election"schematisation, schematization - the act of reducing to a scheme or formula |
reductionnoun1. decrease, lowering, lessening, minimizing, diminution a future reduction in interest rates2. cut, cutting, trimming, pruning, cutback, scaling down, depletion a new strategic arms reduction agreement3. discount, concession, slash (informal), price cut, markdown Reductions of 10-15 per cent are common on these package holidays.reductionnoun1. The act or process of decreasing:abatement, curtailment, cut, cutback, decrease, decrement, diminishment, diminution, drain, slash, slowdown, taper.2. The act or an instance of demoting:degradation, demotion.3. A lowering in price or value:depreciation, devaluation, markdown, write-down.4. An amount deducted:abatement, deduction, discount, rebate.Translationsreduce (rəˈdjuːs) verb1. to make less, smaller etc. The shop reduced its prices; The train reduced speed. 減少，縮小 减少，减小 2. to lose weight by dieting. I must reduce to get into that dress. 節食減重 减肥3. to drive, or put, into a particular (bad) state. The bombs reduced the city to ruins; She was so angry, she was almost reduced to tears; During the famine, many people were reduced to eating grass and leaves. 使陷於(不利的狀態) 使陷入处于（某种特殊状态） reˈducible adjective 可減少的，可縮小的 可减小的reˈduction (-ˈdak-) nounThe government promised a reduction in prices later; price reductions. 減少 减小- Is there a discount with this pass? (US)
Is there a reduction with this pass? (UK) → 凭这张通行证可以优惠吗？ - Is there a discount for disabled people? (US)
Is there a reduction for disabled people? (UK) → 残疾人有优惠吗？
Reduction
reduction, in chemistry: see oxidation and reductionoxidation and reduction,
complementary chemical reactions characterized by the loss or gain, respectively, of one or more electrons by an atom or molecule. Originally the term oxidation
..... Click the link for more information. .Reduction (1) A supplemental musical notation for piano, first violin, or accordion that gives the primary melodies played by other instruments, showing the entrances of whole sections or solo instruments. Reductions are used extensively in adaptations or transcriptions of orchestral works for smaller combinations of instruments. They allow such orchestral works to be performed without a score or a conductor, since several instruments’ parts can be played on one instrument. (2) An abridged score of shorter works (marches, dances, song transcriptions) for bands. All the parts are written on three or four musical staffs and are left untransposed, even for those instruments in keys other than C.
Reduction the restoration of a previous state or the breakdown of the complex into a simpler form. In various branches of science and technology, “reduction” refers to processes that result in a decrease in the dimensions or a simplification of the structure of an object. It can also refer to a weakening of the tension or force and sometimes to the complete disappearance of an object.
Reduction in biology, a decrease in the size or a simplification of the structure of an organ; reduction often refers to a loss of inherent organic functions in the course of the individual development of an organism (ontogeny) or the historical development of an organism (phylogeny). The complete disappearance of an organ or of tissue is sometimes called reduction.
Reduction the confiscation of crown lands that had been acquired by the feudal aristocracy, carried out by the monarchy in a number of European states in the 16th and 17th centuries. Reduction was carried out on the largest scale and acquired its greatest significance in the second half of the 17th century in Sweden, where it was done to strengthen absolutism. Partial reduction was decided on by the Riksdag in 1655, during the reign of Charles X. Extensive reduction was carried out under Charles XI, whose policies were supported by the nobility with small landholdings, the burghers, and the richer peasants; the process was initiated in 1680 and was basically concluded by 1700. As a result of this policy, the extent of large-scale land-holding by the Swedish nobility, both in Sweden and in its dependent territories, was reduced approximately by one-half as compared to the first half of the 17th century. In Poland, the decision to carry out a reduction (egzekucja, rewindykacja) of crown lands distributed after 1504 was taken at the sejm of 1562–63 at the insistence of the nobility. Reduction in Poland represented one stage in the struggle within the ruling class for the redistribution of landholdings.
Reduction in linguistics, a weakening of vowel sounds in unstressed position. In quantitative reduction, vowel length is decreased. In qualitative reduction, distinct articulation is lost, resulting in a change in the way the vowel is formed and a neutralization of phonemic opposition. In Russian, the degree of reduction depends on the position of the vowel relative to word stress, as in zolotoi (“golden”), which can be represented phonetically as [zəlʌtój]. Sometimes the term “reduction” is used to refer to any change from a fuller form of a linguistic element (sound, word, sentence) to a shorter form. The term “reduced” sometimes refers to all reduced sounds, positional variants and independent phonemes alike.
Reduction a methodological tool that plays an important role in logic, mathematics, and other deductive sciences. Reduction involves a transformation of given data (problems, propositions) into the form most convenient from a certain standpoint, for example, a form that is logically simpler and more easily analyzed. Reduction of one problem to another plays a dual role: on the one hand, the solution of the second problem is applicable to the first problem, and on the other hand, the impossibility of solving the first problem—at least with certain specified methods—means that the second problem is also unsolvable by the same methods. Reduction can thus be used to derive from a positive (negative) solution of one problem a positive (negative) solution of an entire class of problems. The term “reduction” is also used in a natural sense to refer to inferences, methods of proof (such as reductio ad absurdum), concepts, conceptions, and theories. In astronomy and geodesy, the term “reduction” is used to refer to the reduction of observations and measurements from one frame of reference to another through the introduction of corrections needed to account for the influence of various factors; these corrections are themselves often referred to as reductions. For example, the position of a star observed at a given moment differs from the position as given in star catalogs because of precession, nutation, and the star’s proper motion. Astronomical observations made at different moments of time are therefore corrected, or reduced, to a single epoch. Geodetic measurements made at some point of the earth’s surface are reduced by means of computations to a neighboring point or the corresponding point of the reference ellipsoid.
Reduction the relative magnitude of deformation imparted to a billet during forging operations, such as drawing, upsetting, or extrusion. Reduction is characterized by the reduction coefficient, which is defined as the ratio of the initial and final crosssectional area of the deformed billet or as the corresponding ratio of the billet’s initial and final length and height. The coefficient also depends on the shape of the die faces (flat, notched, or composite), the temperature, and the rate of deformation. The reduction coefficient may be 10 or more, in which case the coarsegrained cast structure of the original ingot acquires a clearly expressed fibrous structure. This ensures that the metal has uniform properties and high-quality mechanical characteristics in the longitudinal direction. reduction[ri′dək·shən] (analytical chemistry) Preparation of one or more subsamples from a sample of material that is to be analyzed chemically. (chemistry) Reaction of hydrogen with another substance. Chemical reaction in which an element gains an electron (has a decrease in positive valence). (computer science) Any process by which data are condensed, such as changing the encoding to eliminate redundancy, extracting significant details from the data and eliminating the rest, or choosing every second or third out of the totality of available points. (geology) The lowering of a land surface by erosion. (navigation) The process of substituting for an observed value one derived therefrom, as the calculation of the corresponding meridian altitude from an observation of a celestial body near the meridian, or the derivation from a celestial observation of the information needed for establishing a line of position. reduction Mathsa. the process of converting a fraction into its decimal form b. the process of dividing out the common factors in the numerator and denominator of a fraction; cancellation reduction(Or "contraction") The process of transforming an expressionaccording to certain reduction rules. The most importantforms are beta reduction (application of a lambda abstraction to one or more argument expressions) and delta reduction (application of a mathematical function to therequired number of arguments).
An evaluation strategy (or reduction strategy), determineswhich part of an expression (which redex) to reduce first.There are many such strategies.
See graph reduction, string reduction, normal order reduction, applicative order reduction, parallel reduction, alpha conversion, beta conversion, delta conversion, eta conversion.reduction
reduction [re-duk´shun] 1. a lessening or diminishing.2. the correction of a fracture, dislocation, or hernia.3. the addition of hydrogen to a substance, or more generally, the gain of electrons; the opposite of oxidation. Reduction of a fractured bone. A gradual pull is exerted on the distal (lower) fragment of the bone until it is in alignment with the proximal fragment.anxiety reduction in the nursing interventions classification, a intervention" >nursing intervention defined as minimizing apprehension, dread, foreboding, or uneasiness related to an unidentified source of anticipated danger. See also anxiety.bleeding reduction in the nursing interventions classification, a intervention" >nursing intervention defined as the limitation of loss of blood volume during an episode of bleeding.bleeding reduction: antepartum uterus in the nursing interventions classification, a intervention" >nursing intervention defined as limitation of the amount of blood loss from the pregnant uterus during the third trimester of pregnancy.bleeding reduction: gastrointestinal in the nursing interventions classification, a intervention" >nursing intervention defined as limitation of the amount of blood loss from the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract and related complications.bleeding reduction: nasal in the nursing interventions classification, a intervention" >nursing intervention defined as the limitation of blood loss from the nasal cavity. See also epistaxis.bleeding reduction: postpartum uterus in the nursing interventions classification, a intervention" >nursing intervention defined as the limitation of blood loss from the postpartum uterus.bleeding reduction: wound in the nursing interventions classification, a intervention" >nursing intervention defined as the limitation of the blood loss from a wound that may be a result of trauma, incisions, or placement of a tube or catheter.closed reduction the manipulative reduction of a fracture or dislocation without incision.flatulence reduction in the nursing interventions classification, a intervention" >nursing intervention defined as the prevention of flatus formation and facilitation of the passage of excessive gas. See also flatulence.open reduction reduction of a fracture or dislocation after incision into the fracture site.re·duc·tion (rē-dŭk'shŭn), 1. The restoration, by surgical or manipulative procedures, of a part to its normal anatomic relation. Synonym(s): repositioning (2) 2. In chemistry, a reaction involving a gain of one or more electrons by a substance, such as when iron passes from the ferric (3+) to the ferrous (2+) state, or when hydrogen is added to the double bond of an organic compound, or when an aldehyde is converted to an alcohol. [L. reductio, fr. re-duco, pp. ductus, to lead back] reduction (rĭ-dŭk′shən)n.1. The act or process of reducing.2. Biology The first meiotic division, in which the chromosome number is reduced from diploid to haploid. Also called reduction division.3. Chemistry a. A decrease in positive valence or an increase in negative valence by the gaining of electrons.b. A reaction in which hydrogen is combined with a compound.c. A reaction in which oxygen is removed from a compound.
re·duc′tion·al adj.reduction Cosmetic surgery The surgical excision of redundant tissue and skin. See Reduction mammoplasty, scalp reduction Obstetrics See Multifetal pregnancy reduction, Selective reduction Orthopedics The positioning of displaced parts–eg, surgical or manipulative repositioning of dislocated bones in a joint. See Closed reduction, Open reduction. re·duc·tion (rĕ-dŭk'shŭn) 1. The restoration, by surgical or manipulative procedures, of a part to its normal anatomic relation.
Synonym(s): repositioning. 2. chemistry A reaction involving a gain of one or more electrons by a substance. 3. Surgical procedure to reduce size. [L. reductio, fr. re-duco, pp. ductus, to lead back]reduction The restoration of a displaced or broken part of the body to its proper position or alignment by manipulation or other surgical procedure. Reduction of bone fractures involves energetic pulling (traction) under anaesthesia to correct overlap, and local moulding pressure to realign the bone.reduction a change in an atom or molecule through losing oxygen, adding hydrogen, or gaining electrons.ReductionThe restoration of a body part to its original position after displacement, such as the reduction of a fractured bone by bringing ends or fragments back into original alignment. The useof local or general anesthesia usually accompanies a fracture reduction. If performed by outside manipulation only, the reduction is described as closed; if surgery is necessary, it is described as open.Mentioned in: Fractures, MethemoglobinemiaPatient discussion about reductionQ. Does intake of diet rich in fiber will be beneficial for weight reduction? I feel obesity is a hindrance to a happy life and though many weight reduction and slimming techniques are currently available, how can one choose the correct technique. Does intake of diet rich in fiber will be beneficial for weight reduction?A. Yes, researches indicate that the normal weight adults tend to eat more fiber and fruit than people who are overweight or obese. The difference found was that the normal-weight adults consume about 33 % more dietary fiber and 43 % more complex carbohydrates each day than people who are obese. Thus it is shown that consumption of a balanced diet that includes an adequate amount of fiber from plant foods will surely benefit your health and weight. You must have fiber rich foods if you are obese. More discussions about reductionreduction
Related to reduction: reduction formula, Reduction reactionreduction in the Scots law of civil remedies, the remedy to have a writing annulled. In lower courts it can only be done OPE EXCEPTIONIS, by way of defence.reduction
Related to reduction: reduction formula, Reduction reactionSynonyms for reductionnoun decreaseSynonyms- decrease
- lowering
- lessening
- minimizing
- diminution
noun cutSynonyms- cut
- cutting
- trimming
- pruning
- cutback
- scaling down
- depletion
noun discountSynonyms- discount
- concession
- slash
- price cut
- markdown
Synonyms for reductionnoun the act or process of decreasingSynonyms- abatement
- curtailment
- cut
- cutback
- decrease
- decrement
- diminishment
- diminution
- drain
- slash
- slowdown
- taper
noun the act or an instance of demotingSynonymsnoun a lowering in price or valueSynonyms- depreciation
- devaluation
- markdown
- write-down
noun an amount deductedSynonyms- abatement
- deduction
- discount
- rebate
Synonyms for reductionnoun the act of decreasing or reducing somethingSynonyms- step-down
- diminution
- decrease
Related Words- change of magnitude
- cut
- mitigation
- moderation
- lowering
- cutback
- devaluation
- devitalisation
- devitalization
- palliation
- extenuation
- alleviation
- easement
- easing
- relief
- de-escalation
- minimisation
- minimization
- depletion
- shortening
- shrinking
- subtraction
- deduction
- deflation
- discount
- price reduction
- rollback
- weakening
- depreciation
- contraction
- reverse split
- reverse stock split
- split down
- amortisation
- amortization
- declassification
- tax shelter
- shelter
- tax credit
noun any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen)SynonymsRelated Words- chemical reaction
- reaction
noun the act of reducing complexitySynonymsRelated Words- change
- schematisation
- schematization
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