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sodium hydroxide
sodium hydroxiden. A white deliquescent solid, NaOH, that is a strong base used in the manufacture of chemicals and soaps and in petroleum refining. Also called caustic soda, lye.sodium hydroxide n (Elements & Compounds) a white deliquescent strongly alkaline solid used in the manufacture of rayon, paper, aluminium, soap, and sodium compounds. Formula: NaOH. Also called: caustic soda See also lye so′dium hydrox′ide
n. a white, deliquescent solid, NaOH, used chiefly in the manufacture of other chemicals, rayon, film, soap, as a laboratory reagent, and in medicine as a caustic. Also called caustic soda, soda. [1880–85] sodium hydroxide A strongly alkaline compound, NaOH, used in making chemicals and soaps, in refining petroleum, and as a cleansing agent. In solution, it forms lye.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | sodium hydroxide - a strongly alkaline caustic used in manufacturing soap and paper and aluminum and various sodium compoundscaustic sodahydrated oxide, hydroxide - a compound of an oxide with waterlye - a strong solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide |
Translationssodium hydroxide
sodium hydroxide, chemical compound, NaOH, a white crystalline substance that readily absorbs carbon dioxide and moisture from the air. It is very soluble in water, alcohol, and glycerin. It is a causticcaustic,
any strongly corrosive chemical substance, especially one that attacks organic matter. A caustic alkali is a metal hydroxide, especially that of an alkali metal; caustic soda is sodium hydroxide, and caustic potash is potassium hydroxide.
..... Click the link for more information. and a strong base (see acids and basesacids and bases,
two related classes of chemicals; the members of each class have a number of common properties when dissolved in a solvent, usually water. Properties
..... Click the link for more information. ). Commonly known as caustic soda, lye, or sodium hydrate, it is available commercially in various solid forms, e.g., pellets, sticks, or chips, and in water solutions of various concentrations; both solid and liquid forms vary in purity. The major use of sodium hydroxide is as a chemical and in the manufacture of other chemicals; because it is inexpensive, it is widely used wherever a strong base is needed. It is also used in producing rayon and other textiles, in making paper, in etching aluminum, in making soaps and detergents, and in a wide variety of other uses. The principal method for its manufacture is electrolytic dissociation of sodium chloride; chlorine gas is a coproduct. Small amounts of sodium hydroxide are produced by the soda-lime process in which a concentrated solution of sodium carbonate (soda) is reacted with calcium hydroxide (slaked lime); calcium carbonate precipitates, leaving a sodium hydroxide solution.Sodium Hydroxide (caustic soda, soda lye), NaOH, a caustic alkali; colorless crystals. Density, 2.13 g/cm3; melting point, 320°C. The industrial product is an opaque, white solid mass with a radial fracture. Sodium hydroxide is hygroscopic; a large amount of heat is liberated upon its reaction with water. Aqueous solutions of NaOH exhibit a strong alkaline reaction. The solubility of sodium hydroxide in water is 52.2 percent at 20°C and 75.8 percent at 80°C. It forms crystal hydrates, such as NaOH-H2O, which is stable at ordinary temperatures (12.3°-61.8°C). Upon exposure to air, NaOH absorbs CO2 and is converted into sodium carbonate. Sodium hydroxide has a destructive effect on skin, paper, and other materials; even very small quantities of NaOH cause extremely severe damage upon contact with the eyes. Sodium hydroxide is prepared by electrolysis of NaCl solutions or by boiling a Na2 CO3solution with milk of lime: Na2C03+ Ca (OH)2 CaC03+ 2NaOH. The sodium hydroxide solution is evaporated, and the residue is heated to the melting point and then poured into molds. Electrolysis yields chlorine in addition to NaOH. Sodium hydroxide is one of the main products of the modern chemical industry; it is widely used both in the chemical industry and in many other sectors. sodium hydroxide[′sōd·ē·əm hī′dräk‚sīd] (inorganic chemistry) NaOH White, deliquescent crystals; absorbs carbon dioxide and water from air; soluble in water, alcohol, and glycerol; melts at 318°C; used as an analytical reagent and chemical intermediate, in rubber reclaiming and petroleum refining, and in detergents. Also known as sodium hydrate. sodium hydroxide a white deliquescent strongly alkaline solid used in the manufacture of rayon, paper, aluminium, soap, and sodium compounds. Formula: NaOH sodium hydroxide
sodium [so´de-um] a chemical element, atomic number 11, atomic weight 22.990, symbol Na. (See Appendix 6.) Sodium is the major cation of the extracellular fluid, constituting 90 to 95 per cent of all cations in the blood plasma and interstitial fluid; it thus determines the osmolality of the extracellular fluid. The serum sodium concentration is normally about 140 mEq/L. If the sodium level and osmolality fall, osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus are stimulated and cause the release of antidiuretic hormone from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. This hormone increases the absorption of water in the collecting ducts of the kidneys so that water is conserved while sodium and other electrolytes are excreted in the urine. If the sodium level and osmolality rise, neurons in the thirst center of the hypothalamus are stimulated. The thirsty person then drinks enough water to restore the osmolality of the extracellular fluid to the normal level.
A decrease in the serum sodium concentration (hyponatremia) can occur in a variety of conditions. It is often associated with volume" >deficient fluid volume due to diarrhea or vomiting when water is replaced faster than sodium. It can also occur in syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, in the late stages of heart failure" >congestive heart failure or cirrhosis of the liver, in acute or chronic renal failure, and in diuretic therapy. An increase in the serum sodium concentration (hypernatremia) occurs when insensible water loss is not replaced by drinking, as in a comatose patient with diabetes insipidus.sodium acetate a source of sodium ions for hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, as well as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.sodium ascorbate an antiscorbutic vitamin and nutritional supplement for parenteral administration. It is also used as an aid to deferoxamine therapy in the treatment of chronic iron toxicity.sodium benzoate an antifungal agent also used in a test of liver function.sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3, a white powder commonly found in households. It has a wide variety of uses in chemistry, in pharmaceuticals, and in consumer products. It is sometimes taken in water as a remedy for acid indigestion but should not be used regularly since when taken in excess it tends to cause alkalosis. It can be mixed with water and applied as a paste for relief of pain in treatment of minor burns and insect bites and stings. A cupful in the bath water may help relieve itching caused by an allergic reaction. Called also baking soda and bicarbonate of soda.sodium biphosphate monobasic sodium phosphate.sodium carbonate a compound now used primarily as an alkalizing agent in pharmaceuticals; it has been used as a lotion or bath in the treatment of scaly skin, and as a detergent.sodium chloride common table salt, a necessary constituent of the body and therefore of the diet, involved in maintaining osmotic tension of blood and tissues; uses include replenishment of electrolytes in the body, irrigation of wounds and body cavities, enema, inhaled mucolytic, topical osmotic ophthalmic agent, and preparation of pharmaceuticals. Called also salt.sodium citrate a sodium salt of citric acid, used as an anticoagulant for blood or plasma that is to be fractionated or for blood that is to be stored. It is also administered orally as a urinary alkalizer.dibasic sodium phosphate a salt of phosphoric acid; used alone or in combination with other phosphate compounds, it is given intravenously as an electrolyte replenisher, orally or rectally as a laxative, and orally as a urinary acidifier and for prevention of kidney stones.sodium ferric gluconate a hematinic used especially in treatment of hemodialysis patients with anemia" >iron deficiency anemia who are also receiving erythropoietin therapy. Administered by intravenous injection.sodium fluoride a dental caries preventative used in fluoridation of drinking water or applied topically to teeth. Topical preparations include gels (sodium fluoride and phosphoric acid gel, also called APF gel) and solutions (sodium fluoride and acidulated phosphate topical solution, also called APF solution).sodium glutamate monosodium glutamate.sodium hydroxide NaOH, a strongly alkaline and caustic compound; used as an alkalizing agent in pharmaceuticals.sodium hypochlorite a compound having germicidal, deodorizing, and bleaching properties; used in solution to disinfect utensils, and in diluted form (Dakin's solution) as a local antibacterial.sodium iodide a compound used as a source of iodine.sodium lactate a compound used in solution to replenish body fluids and electrolytes.monobasic sodium phosphate 1. a monosodium salt of phosphoric acid; used in buffer solutions, as a urinary acidifier, as a laxative, and as a source of phosphorus in hypophosphatemia, often in combination with potassium phosphate.2. a monosodium salt of phosphoric acid; used in buffer solutions. Used alone or in combination with other phosphate compounds, it is given intravenously as an electrolyte replenisher, orally or rectally as a laxative, and orally as a urinary acidifier and for prevention of kidney stones.sodium monofluorophosphate a dental caries preventative applied topically to the teeth.sodium nitrite an antidote for cyanide poisoning; also used as a preservative in cured meats and other foods.sodium nitroprusside an antihypertensive agent used in the treatment of acute congestive heart failure and of hypertensive crisis and to produce controlled hypotension during surgery; also used as a reagent.sodium phenylbutyrate an agent used as adjunctive treatment to control the hyperammonemia of pediatric urea cycle enzyme disorders.sodium phosphate any of various compounds of sodium and phosphoric acid; usually specifically dibasic sodium phosphate.sodium polystyrene sulfonate an resin" >ion-exchange resin used for removal of potassium ions in hyperkalemia, administered orally or rectally.sodium propionate a salt used as an antifungal preservative in foods and pharmaceuticals and as a topical antifungal agent.sodium salicylate see salicylate.sodium sulfate a cathartic and laxative.sodium thiosulfate a compound used intravenously as an antidote for cyanide poisoning" >cyanide poisoning, in foot baths for prophylaxis of ringworm" >ringworm, and as a topical antifungal agent for tinea versicolor" >tinea versicolor. Also used in measuring the volume of extracellular body fluid and the renal rate" >glomerular filtration rate.so·di·um hy·drox·ideused externally as a caustic. Synonym(s): caustic sodaAcronymsSeeNaOHsodium hydroxide
Synonyms for sodium hydroxidenoun a strongly alkaline caustic used in manufacturing soap and paper and aluminum and various sodium compoundsSynonymsRelated Words- hydrated oxide
- hydroxide
- lye
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