| 释义 |
sodium nitrite
so′dium ni′trite
n. a yellowish or white crystalline compound, NaNO2, used as a color fixative and in food as a flavoring and preservative. [1900–05] Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | sodium nitrite - nitrite used to preserve and color food especially in meat and fish products; implicated in the formation of suspected carcinogensnitrite - the radical -NO2 or any compound containing it (such as a salt or ester of nitrous acid) |
Sodium Nitrite
sodium nitrite[′sōd·ē·əm ′nī‚trīt] (inorganic chemistry) NaNO2 A fire-hazardous, air-sensitive, yellowish powder, soluble in water; decomposes above 320°C; used as an intermediate for dyestuffs and for pickling meat, textiles dyeing, and rust-proofing, and in medicine. Sodium Nitrite NaNO2, a salt; colorless or yellowish crystals. Density, 2.17 g/cm3; melting point, 271°C. Solubility in water, 45.07 percent at 22°C and 61.5 percent at 99.9°C; aqueous NaNO2 solutions are alkaline. Under the action of acids, sodium nitrite decomposes, liberating nitric oxides. It is prepared upon absorption of nitric oxides by alkaline solutions and subsequent boiling down; NaNO2 crystallizes upon cooling. Sodium nitrite is used in diazotization reactions in the production of azo dyes, as an oxidizing agent to liberate iodine from iodides, and to preserve the red color of meat in the production of sausage; it is also used in medicine as a vasodilator. sodium nitrite
sodium [so´de-um] a chemical element, atomic number 11, atomic weight 22.990, symbol Na. (See Appendix 6.) Sodium is the major cation of the extracellular fluid, constituting 90 to 95 per cent of all cations in the blood plasma and interstitial fluid; it thus determines the osmolality of the extracellular fluid. The serum sodium concentration is normally about 140 mEq/L. If the sodium level and osmolality fall, osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus are stimulated and cause the release of antidiuretic hormone from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. This hormone increases the absorption of water in the collecting ducts of the kidneys so that water is conserved while sodium and other electrolytes are excreted in the urine. If the sodium level and osmolality rise, neurons in the thirst center of the hypothalamus are stimulated. The thirsty person then drinks enough water to restore the osmolality of the extracellular fluid to the normal level.
A decrease in the serum sodium concentration (hyponatremia) can occur in a variety of conditions. It is often associated with volume" >deficient fluid volume due to diarrhea or vomiting when water is replaced faster than sodium. It can also occur in syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, in the late stages of heart failure" >congestive heart failure or cirrhosis of the liver, in acute or chronic renal failure, and in diuretic therapy. An increase in the serum sodium concentration (hypernatremia) occurs when insensible water loss is not replaced by drinking, as in a comatose patient with diabetes insipidus.sodium acetate a source of sodium ions for hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, as well as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.sodium ascorbate an antiscorbutic vitamin and nutritional supplement for parenteral administration. It is also used as an aid to deferoxamine therapy in the treatment of chronic iron toxicity.sodium benzoate an antifungal agent also used in a test of liver function.sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3, a white powder commonly found in households. It has a wide variety of uses in chemistry, in pharmaceuticals, and in consumer products. It is sometimes taken in water as a remedy for acid indigestion but should not be used regularly since when taken in excess it tends to cause alkalosis. It can be mixed with water and applied as a paste for relief of pain in treatment of minor burns and insect bites and stings. A cupful in the bath water may help relieve itching caused by an allergic reaction. Called also baking soda and bicarbonate of soda.sodium biphosphate monobasic sodium phosphate.sodium carbonate a compound now used primarily as an alkalizing agent in pharmaceuticals; it has been used as a lotion or bath in the treatment of scaly skin, and as a detergent.sodium chloride common table salt, a necessary constituent of the body and therefore of the diet, involved in maintaining osmotic tension of blood and tissues; uses include replenishment of electrolytes in the body, irrigation of wounds and body cavities, enema, inhaled mucolytic, topical osmotic ophthalmic agent, and preparation of pharmaceuticals. Called also salt.sodium citrate a sodium salt of citric acid, used as an anticoagulant for blood or plasma that is to be fractionated or for blood that is to be stored. It is also administered orally as a urinary alkalizer.dibasic sodium phosphate a salt of phosphoric acid; used alone or in combination with other phosphate compounds, it is given intravenously as an electrolyte replenisher, orally or rectally as a laxative, and orally as a urinary acidifier and for prevention of kidney stones.sodium ferric gluconate a hematinic used especially in treatment of hemodialysis patients with anemia" >iron deficiency anemia who are also receiving erythropoietin therapy. Administered by intravenous injection.sodium fluoride a dental caries preventative used in fluoridation of drinking water or applied topically to teeth. Topical preparations include gels (sodium fluoride and phosphoric acid gel, also called APF gel) and solutions (sodium fluoride and acidulated phosphate topical solution, also called APF solution).sodium glutamate monosodium glutamate.sodium hydroxide NaOH, a strongly alkaline and caustic compound; used as an alkalizing agent in pharmaceuticals.sodium hypochlorite a compound having germicidal, deodorizing, and bleaching properties; used in solution to disinfect utensils, and in diluted form (Dakin's solution) as a local antibacterial.sodium iodide a compound used as a source of iodine.sodium lactate a compound used in solution to replenish body fluids and electrolytes.monobasic sodium phosphate 1. a monosodium salt of phosphoric acid; used in buffer solutions, as a urinary acidifier, as a laxative, and as a source of phosphorus in hypophosphatemia, often in combination with potassium phosphate.2. a monosodium salt of phosphoric acid; used in buffer solutions. Used alone or in combination with other phosphate compounds, it is given intravenously as an electrolyte replenisher, orally or rectally as a laxative, and orally as a urinary acidifier and for prevention of kidney stones.sodium monofluorophosphate a dental caries preventative applied topically to the teeth.sodium nitrite an antidote for cyanide poisoning; also used as a preservative in cured meats and other foods.sodium nitroprusside an antihypertensive agent used in the treatment of acute congestive heart failure and of hypertensive crisis and to produce controlled hypotension during surgery; also used as a reagent.sodium phenylbutyrate an agent used as adjunctive treatment to control the hyperammonemia of pediatric urea cycle enzyme disorders.sodium phosphate any of various compounds of sodium and phosphoric acid; usually specifically dibasic sodium phosphate.sodium polystyrene sulfonate an resin" >ion-exchange resin used for removal of potassium ions in hyperkalemia, administered orally or rectally.sodium propionate a salt used as an antifungal preservative in foods and pharmaceuticals and as a topical antifungal agent.sodium salicylate see salicylate.sodium sulfate a cathartic and laxative.sodium thiosulfate a compound used intravenously as an antidote for cyanide poisoning" >cyanide poisoning, in foot baths for prophylaxis of ringworm" >ringworm, and as a topical antifungal agent for tinea versicolor" >tinea versicolor. Also used in measuring the volume of extracellular body fluid and the renal rate" >glomerular filtration rate.so·di·um ni·triteused to lower systemic blood pressure, to relieve local vasomotor spasms, especially in angina pectoris and Raynaud disease, to relax bronchial and intestinal spasms, and as an antidote for cyanide poisoning.sodium nitrite A preservative and flavour-enhancing agent added to luncheon meat (e.g., bologna), chorizo, salami, ham, hot dogs and other processed meats. Heating or reduced pH (as seen in the stomach) causes sodium nitrite to combine with secondary amines, forming nitrosamines, which are known carcinogens.sodium nitrite Food industry A preservative and flavor-enhancer added to processed meats–bologna, salami, ham, and hot dogs. See Food additives, Nitrates, Nitrites, Nitrosamines. so·di·um ni·trite (sō'dē-ŭm nī'trīt) An injectable compound used immediately after inhalation of amyl nitrite in the antidotal treatment of cyanide poisoning in the U.S. sodium nitrite A drug used in the treatment of cyanide poisoning in conjunction with SODIUM THIOSULPHATE. The drug is on the WHO official list.sodium nitrite
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