| 释义 |
projection
pro·jec·tion P0588200 (prə-jĕk′shən) n. 1. The act of projecting or the condition of being projected. 2. A thing or part that extends outward beyond a prevailing line or surface: spiky projections on top of a fence; a projection of land along the coast. 3. A plan for an anticipated course of action: "facilities [that] are vital to the projection of U.S. force ... in the Pacific" (Alan D. Romberg). 4. A prediction or estimate of something in the future, based on present data or trends. 5. a. The process of projecting an image onto a screen or other surface for viewing. b. An image so projected. 6. Mathematics The image of a geometric figure reproduced on a line, plane, or surface. 7. A system of intersecting lines, such as the grid of a map, on which part or all of the globe or another spherical surface is represented as a plane surface. 8. Psychology The attribution of one's own attitudes, feelings, or suppositions to others, thought in psychoanalytic theory to be an unconscious defense against anxiety or guilt.
pro·jec′tion·al adj. projection (prəˈdʒɛkʃən) n1. the act of projecting or the state of being projected2. an object or part that juts out3. (Surveying) See map projection4. (Mathematics) the representation of a line, figure, or solid on a given plane as it would be seen from a particular direction or in accordance with an accepted set of rules5. a scheme or plan6. a prediction based on known evidence and observations7. (Film) a. the process of showing film on a screenb. the image or images shown8. (Psychology) psychol a. the belief, esp in children, that others share one's subjective mental lifeb. the process of projecting one's own hidden desires and impulses. See also defence mechanism9. (Alchemy) the mixing by alchemists of powdered philosopher's stone with molten base metals in order to transmute them into gold proˈjectional adjpro•jec•tion (prəˈdʒɛk ʃən)
n. 1. the act, process, or result of projecting. 2. a projecting or protruding part. 3. the state or fact of jutting out or protruding. 4. a systematic construction of lines drawn on a plane surface representative of and corresponding to the meridians and parallels of the curved surface of the earth or celestial sphere. 5. a. the act of reproducing on a surface, by optical means, a remote image on a film, slide, etc. b. the image reproduced. 6. a. the act of visualizing an idea as an objective reality. b. something that is so visualized. 7. calculation of some future cost, revenue, etc.: a projection for the rate of growth. 8. the act of communicating distinctly and forcefully to an audience. 9. the attribution to another person or object the feelings, thoughts, or attitudes present in oneself. 10. the act of planning or scheming. [1470–80; < Latin] pro•jec′tion•al, adj. projectionIn cartography, any systematic arrangement of meridians and parallels portraying the curved surface of the sphere or spheroid upon a plane.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | projection - a prediction made by extrapolating from past observationsprediction, anticipation, prevision - the act of predicting (as by reasoning about the future) | | 2. | projection - the projection of an image from a film onto a screenvisual communication - communication that relies on vision | | 3. | projection - a planned undertakingprojectplan, program, programme - a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished; "they drew up a six-step plan"; "they discussed plans for a new bond issue"cash cow, money-spinner, moneymaker - a project that generates a continuous flow of money | | 4. | projection - any structure that branches out from a central supportarm, branch, limb - any projection that is thought to resemble a human arm; "the arm of the record player"; "an arm of the sea"; "a branch of the sewer"brim - a circular projection that sticks outward from the crown of a hatburr - rough projection left on a workpiece after drilling or cuttingcleat - a metal or leather projection (as from the sole of a shoe); prevents slippingcornice - the topmost projecting part of an entablaturedrip mold, drip mould, drip - (architecture) a projection from a cornice or sill designed to protect the area below from rainwater (as over a window or doorway)flange, rim - a projection used for strength or for attaching to another objectflue, fluke - flat bladelike projection on the arm of an anchorhead - a projection out from one end; "the head of the nail", "a pinhead is the head of a pin"knob, boss - a circular rounded projection or protuberancelobe - a rounded projection that is part of a larger structurelug - a projecting piece that is used to lift or support or turn somethingoverhang - projection that extends beyond or hangs over something elseprong - a pointed projectionspike - a sharp-pointed projection along the top of a fence or wall (or a dinosaur)structure, construction - a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts; "the structure consisted of a series of arches"; "she wore her hair in an amazing construction of whirls and ribbons"tenon - a projection at the end of a piece of wood that is shaped to fit into a mortise and form a mortise jointtooth - something resembling the tooth of an animaltooth - one of a number of uniform projections on a gear | | 5. | projection - any solid convex shape that juts out from somethingsalient - (military) the part of the line of battle that projects closest to the enemyjag - a sharp projection on an edge or surface; "he clutched a jag of the rock"convex shape, convexity - a shape that curves or bulges outwardexcrescence, extrusion, gibbosity, gibbousness, hump, jut, bulge, protrusion, protuberance, swelling, bump, prominence - something that bulges out or is protuberant or projects from its surroundings; "the gun in his pocket made an obvious bulge"; "the hump of a camel"; "he stood on the rocky prominence"; "the occipital protuberance was well developed"; "the bony excrescence between its horns"acantha, spine, spur - any sharply pointed projectiontail end, tail - any projection that resembles the tail of an animalknife, tongue - any long thin projection that is transient; "tongues of flame licked at the walls"; "rifles exploded quick knives of fire into the dark"keel - a projection or ridge that suggests a keel | | 6. | projection - (psychiatry) a defense mechanism by which your own traits and emotions are attributed to someone elsepsychiatry, psychological medicine, psychopathology - the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disordersdefence, defence mechanism, defence reaction, defense mechanism, defense reaction, defense - (psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires | | 7. |  projection - the acoustic phenomenon that gives sound a penetrating quality; "our ukuleles have been designed to have superior sound and projection"; "a prime ingredient of public speaking is projection of the voice"acoustic projection, sound projectionacoustic phenomenon - a physical phenomenon associated with the production or transmission of sound | | 8. | projection - the representation of a figure or solid on a plane as it would look from a particular directionmap projection - a projection of the globe onto a flat map using a grid of lines of latitude and longituderepresentation - a creation that is a visual or tangible rendering of someone or something | | 9. | projection - the act of projecting out from somethingjutting, protrusion, jutchange of shape - an action that changes the shape of something | | 10. |  projection - the act of expelling or projecting or ejectingejection, forcing out, expulsionactuation, propulsion - the act of propellingbelch, burp, burping, eructation, belching - a reflex that expels gas noisily from the stomach through the mouthbelching - the forceful expulsion of something from inside; "the belching of smoke from factory chimneys"coughing up - the act of expelling (food or phlegm) by coughingspitting, expectoration, spit - the act of spitting (forcefully expelling saliva)disgorgement, emesis, puking, vomiting, regurgitation, vomit - the reflex act of ejecting the contents of the stomach through the mouth |
projectionnoun forecast, estimate, reckoning, prediction, calculation, estimation, computation, extrapolation the company's sales projections for the next yearprojectionnoun1. A part that protrudes or extends outward:bulge, jut, knob, knot, overhang, protrusion, protuberance.2. The act of predicting:forecast, outlook, prediction, prognosis, prognostication.Translationsproject (ˈprodʒekt) noun1. a plan or scheme. a building project. 計劃，方案 计划，方案 2. a piece of study or research. I am doing a project on Italian art. 科研項目(或工程) 科研项目（或工程） (prəˈdʒekt) verb1. to throw outwards, forwards or upwards. The missile was projected into space. 發射 发射2. to stick out. A sharp rock projected from the sea. 凸出，伸出 凸出，伸出 3. to plan or propose. 規劃 规划4. to make a picture or a film appear on a screen. 投射 投射proˈjectile (-tail) , ((American) -tl) noun something that is thrown, usually as a weapon. 射彈 射弹proˈjection (-ʃən) noun 設計，規劃 设计，规划 proˈjector noun a machine for projecting films, slides or transparencies onto a screen. a slide projector; an overhead projector (for transparencies). 幻燈機，投影機，電影放映機 幻灯机，电影放映机
projection
projection, in psychology: see defense mechanismdefense mechanism,
in psychoanalysis, any of a variety of unconscious personality reactions which the ego uses to protect the conscious mind from threatening feelings and perceptions.
..... Click the link for more information. .ProjectionAny component, member, or part that juts out from a building; in masonry construction, stones or bricks that are set forward off the general wall surface to provide a rugged or rustic appearance.   Projection a term in geometry used to refer to the following operation. Suppose an arbitrary point S in space (see Figure 1) is selected as the center of projection and a plane Π′ not passing through S is selected as the plane of projection, or image plane. In order to project the point A, the so-called preimage, on Π′ through the center of projection S, the line SA is extended to its intersection with Π′ at the point A′. The image point A′ is called the projection of A. The projection of a figure F is the set of the projections of all the figure’s points. A line not passing through the center of projection is projected into a line.  Figure 1
In the described type of projection, which is called a central projection, an important role is played by the choice of the center of projection S. A number of difficulties arise when points of a given plane Π are projected on the plane Π′ as in Figure 2. Π contains points that have no image in Π′. Such is the case for the point B when the projection line SB is parallel to Π′. To eliminate this difficulty, which is due to the properties of Euclidean space, elements at infinity, also called ideal elements, are  Figure 2
added to the space. In other words, the parallel lines BS and PA′ are assumed to intersect at a point at infinity B′. This point may then be considered as the image of the point B in Π′. Similarly, the point at infinity C is the preimage of the point C (see Figure 2). Thus, one-to-one correspondence defined by means of central projection can be established between the points of Π and the points of IT by introducing elements at infinity. Such a correspondence is called a perspective collineation. The type of projection in which the center of projection is the point at infinity S∞ (Figure 3) is of great practical importance. In this case, all the projection lines are parallel, and the projection is called a parallel projection. The one-to-one correspondence between the points of Π and the points of Π′ established by a parallel projection is called a perspective affinity. The special type of parallel projection in which the plane Π is perpendicular to the direction of projection is widely used in drawing. Such a projection is called orthogonal.  Figure 3
Central and parallel—in particular, orthogonal—projections are widely used in descriptive geometry, and such different types of images as perspective images and axonometric images are obtained. Special types of projections on a plane, a sphere, or other surfaces are used in, for example, geography, astronomy, crystallography, and topography. Thus, cartographic projections include such types as gnomonic and stereographic projections. Orthogonal projection of directed line segments is discussed in VECTOR CALCULUS. N. F. CHETVERUKHIN
Projection in psychology, the perception of one’s own mental processes as those of an external object, resulting from the unconscious transfer of internal impulses and feelings to that object. Projection plays an important role in the formation of the psyche in early childhood, when a child cannot clearly differentiate between himself and the external world. It is also the basis of archaic and anthropomorphic ideas about the world that characterize the early stages of development of human consciousness. The onset of a number of mental diseases (paranoia, phobia, mania) is associated with pathological forms of projection. In these cases, perception of the external world is severely distorted, while the illusion of control over one’s own behavior is preserved. The mechanism of projection is used diagnostically in projective tests, such as the Rorschach test, to detect hidden motivations and stimuli. Projection (dreams)Although many aspects of the personality theory formulated by Sigmund Freud have been rejected by contemporary analysts, Freud was nevertheless responsible for a significant number of insights into human nature that have been generally accepted. Among these insights are the Freudian “defense mechanisms,” one of which is projection. In projection, a certain urge we are repressing is projected onto another person or group of people. A familiar example is the sexually repressed person who perceives other groups of people (e.g., racial minorities) as being obsessed by sex, whereas in actuality it is the repressed individual who is obsessed by sex. A roughly similar process takes place in dreams. According to Freud, dreams provide an avenue for the expression of normally repressed desires while simultaneously disguising and censoring our real urges. In this view, the purpose of dreams is to allow us to satisfy in fantasies the instinctual urges that society judges to be unacceptable, such as the urge to go to bed with every attractive member of the opposite sex. If, however, we were to dream about actually having intercourse, the emotions evoked by the dream would wake us up. So that our sleep is not continually disturbed by such dreams, the mind modifies and disguises the content of our dreams so that strong emotions are not evoked. For example, if a man is attracted to someone who is unavailable for sexual relations, he might dream about taking a train ride through a tunnel while seated next to the woman. projection[prə′jek·shən] (mapping) A system for presenting on a plane surface the spherical surface of the earth or the celestial sphere; some of these systems are conic, cylindrical, gnomonic, Mercator, orthographic, and stereographic. Also known as map projection. (mathematics) The continuous map for a fiber bundle. Geometrically, the image of a geometric object or vector superimposed on some other. A linear map P from a linear space to itself such that P ° P is equal to P. (psychology) Ascribing one's motives to someone else to disguise a source of conflict in oneself. projection1. In masonry, stones which are set forward of the general wall surface to provide a rugged or rustic appearance. 2. Any component, member, or part which juts out from a building.projectionIn cartography, any systematic arrangement of parallels and meridians portraying a quasispherical planetary surface on a plane of a map. See Mercator map projection, Lambert conformal conic map projection, and international modified polyconic projection.projection1. the representation of a line, figure, or solid on a given plane as it would be seen from a particular direction or in accordance with an accepted set of rules 2. a. the process of showing film on a screen b. the image or images shown 3. Psychola. the belief, esp in children, that others share one's subjective mental life b. the process of projecting one's own hidden desires and impulses 4. the mixing by alchemists of powdered philosopher's stone with molten base metals in order to transmute them into gold projection (theory)In domain theory, a function, f, which is (a)idempotent, i.e. f(f(x))=f(x) and (b) whose result is nomore defined than its argument. E.g. F(x)=bottom or F(x)=x.
In reduction systems, a function which returns somecomponent of its argument. E.g. head, tail, \\ (x,y) . x.In a graph reduction system the function can just return apointer to part of its argument and does not need to build anynew graph.projection
projection [pro-jek´shun] 1. a throwing forward, especially the reference of impressions made on the sense organs to their proper source, so as to locate correctly the objects producing them.2. a connection between the cerebral cortex and other parts of the nervous system or organs of special sense.3. the condition of extending or jutting out, or a part that juts out.4. in psychiatry, an unconscious defense mechanism whereby emotionally unacceptable traits are denied in oneself and are regarded (projected) as belonging to the external world or to someone else. It is often called the “blaming” mechanism because in using it the person seeks to place the blame for personal inadequacies upon someone else. In its extreme form projection can lead to hostility and physical attack upon others when one mistakenly perceives other persons as responsible for one's own mental anguish.5. the orientation of a radiographic machine in relation to the body or a body part; called also view.pro·jec·tion (prō-jek'shŭn), 1. A pushing out; an outgrowth or protuberance. 2. The referring of a sensation to the object producing it. 3. A defense mechanism by which a repressed complex in the person is denied and conceived as belonging to someone else, as when faults that the person tends to commit are perceived in or attributed to others. 4. The conception by the consciousness of a mental occurrence belonging to the self as of external origin. 5. Localization of visual impressions in space. 6. neuroanatomy the system or systems of nerve fibers (projection fibers [TA]) by which a group of nerve cells discharges its nerve impulses ("projects") to one or more other cell groups. 7. The image of a three-dimensional object on a plane, as in a radiograph. 8. radiography standardized views of parts of the body, described by body part position, the direction of the x-ray beam through the body part, or by eponym. Synonym(s): norma (3) , salient (1) , view [L. projectio; fr. pro- jicio, pp. -jectus, to throw before] projection (prə-jĕk′shən)n.1. A thing or part that extends outward beyond a prevailing line or surface.2. The attribution of one's own attitudes, feelings, or desires to someone or something else as an unconscious defense against anxiety or guilt.3. Any of the systems of nerve fibers by which a group of nerve cells discharges its nerve impulses to one or more other cell groups.projection Psychiatry A defense mechanism, operating unconsciously, in that which is emotionally unacceptable in the self is unconsciously rejected and attributed–projected–to otherspro·jec·tion (prŏ-jek'shŭn) 1. A pushing out; an outgrowth or protuberance. 2. The referring of a sensation to the object producing it. 3. psychology/psychiatry A defense mechanism by which a repressed complex in the patient is denied and conceived as belonging to another person, as when faults that the person tends to commit are perceived in or attributed to others. 4. The conception by the consciousness of a mental occurrence belonging to the self as of external origin. 5. Localization of visual impressions in space. 6. neuroanatomy The system or systems of nerve fibers by which a group of nerve cells discharges its nerve impulses ("projects") to one or more other cell groups. 7. The image of a three-dimensional object on a plane, as in a radiograph. 8. radiography A standard x-ray study, named by body part, position, direction of the x-ray beam through the body part, or eponym. [L. projectio; fr. pro- jicio, pp. -jectus, to throw before]projection 1. Localization of visual impressions from the eye to the apparent source of the stimulus, such as up and to the left. This is sometimes referred to as mental projection. 2. A prominence. 3. The imaging of an object onto a screen or a surface.
erroneous projection See false projection.
false projection The false positioning in space of a visual sensation arising from a retinal image formed in an eye with paresis of an extraocular muscle. The visual sensation appears in the direction of normal action of the paretic muscle. Example: past-pointing. Syn. erroneous projection; malprojection. See past pointing.pro·jec·tion (prŏ-jek'shŭn) 1. [TA] A pushing out; an outgrowth or protuberance. 2. The referring of a sensation to the object producing it. 3. System or systems of nerve fibers (projection fibers [TA]) by which a group of nerve cells discharges its nerve impulses ("projects") to one or more other cell groups. 4. In radiography, standardized views of parts of body, described by body part position or direction of the x-ray beam through body part. [L. projectio; fr. pro- jicio, pp. -jectus, to throw before]Patient discussion about projectionQ. Anyone whos doctor here and is willing to help me fillin in questionare for my project? hello,my name is edward sinanta from indonesia, i am a high school student and i would like to request an interview with you for a essay regarding the trend of health problem consultation in social networking. if you don't mind to be interviewed about this issue, please notify me through this e-mail and we can discuss the details later on. thank you for your time and attention.regards,edwardA. edward, i'm not a doctor so i can't help you ,but i hope you'll find what you are looking for and way to go on finding resources for your project!! Q. I am getting confused with my project.. I am depressed.What can i do? Soon I will be completing my French classes. As my classes are coming close I have started developing negative mind set. I don’t understand that how my classmates are doing well. I hope they do not have any stress but I am having severe stress. I am getting scared and looks like that I may fail in my classes.. I am not able to concentrate on my classes. I am getting confused with my project. My sleep has become very difficult. I too worry about the job. I am depressed. There is no support from my classmates. Please help me what shall I do?A. You need to find a stress reliever in your life. Think of everything from going to the gym to simple interactions with others. After you have achieved a plateau of stress relief. Sit down in a non stressful place and study. Good Luck More discussions about projectionLegalSeeViewProjection
ProjectionThe use of econometric models to forecast the future performance of a company, country, or other financial entity using historical and current information.ProjectionThe use of certain data to predict future market movements, economic trends, and other things. Various methods exist for making projections; experts differ on which ones, if any, work. See also: Technical Analysis, Fundamental Analysis, Random Walk Theory.projectionA forecast of future trends in a business,based on past experiences or on other currently available data. A projection that senior housing needs will increase at 12 percent per year for the next 5 years may form the basis for a pro forma profit and loss statement for development of a retirement community. projection
Synonyms for projectionnoun forecastSynonyms- forecast
- estimate
- reckoning
- prediction
- calculation
- estimation
- computation
- extrapolation
Synonyms for projectionnoun a part that protrudes or extends outwardSynonyms- bulge
- jut
- knob
- knot
- overhang
- protrusion
- protuberance
noun the act of predictingSynonyms- forecast
- outlook
- prediction
- prognosis
- prognostication
Synonyms for projectionnoun a prediction made by extrapolating from past observationsRelated Words- prediction
- anticipation
- prevision
noun the projection of an image from a film onto a screenRelated Wordsnoun a planned undertakingSynonymsRelated Words- plan
- program
- programme
- cash cow
- money-spinner
- moneymaker
noun any structure that branches out from a central supportRelated Words- arm
- branch
- limb
- brim
- burr
- cleat
- cornice
- drip mold
- drip mould
- drip
- flange
- rim
- flue
- fluke
- head
- knob
- boss
- lobe
- lug
- overhang
- prong
- spike
- structure
- construction
- tenon
- tooth
noun any solid convex shape that juts out from somethingRelated Words- salient
- jag
- convex shape
- convexity
- excrescence
- extrusion
- gibbosity
- gibbousness
- hump
- jut
- bulge
- protrusion
- protuberance
- swelling
- bump
- prominence
- acantha
- spine
- spur
- tail end
- tail
- knife
- tongue
- keel
noun (psychiatry) a defense mechanism by which your own traits and emotions are attributed to someone elseRelated Words- psychiatry
- psychological medicine
- psychopathology
- defence
- defence mechanism
- defence reaction
- defense mechanism
- defense reaction
- defense
noun the acoustic phenomenon that gives sound a penetrating qualitySynonyms- acoustic projection
- sound projection
Related Wordsnoun the representation of a figure or solid on a plane as it would look from a particular directionRelated Words- map projection
- representation
noun the act of projecting out from somethingSynonymsRelated Wordsnoun the act of expelling or projecting or ejectingSynonyms- ejection
- forcing out
- expulsion
Related Words- actuation
- propulsion
- belch
- burp
- burping
- eructation
- belching
- coughing up
- spitting
- expectoration
- spit
- disgorgement
- emesis
- puking
- vomiting
- regurgitation
- vomit
|