reforming

re·form

R0117300 (rĭ-fôrm′)v. re·formed, re·form·ing, re·forms v.tr.1. To improve by alteration, correction of error, or removal of defects; put into a better form or condition: reform the tax code.2. a. To abolish abuse or malpractice in: reform the government.b. To put an end to (an abuse or wrong).3. To induce or persuade (a person) to give up harmful or immoral practices; cause to adopt a better way of life.4. Chemistry To subject (hydrocarbons) to cracking.v.intr. To change for the better.n.1. Action to improve or correct what is wrong or defective in something: health care reform.2. An instance of this; an improvement: reforms in education.adj.1. Relating to or favoring reform: a reform candidate for mayor.2. Reform Of or relating to Reform Judaism.

[Middle English reformen, from Old French reformer, from Latin refōrmāre : re-, re- + fōrmāre, to shape (from fōrma, form).]

re·form′a·bil′i·ty n.re·form′a·ble adj.re·form′er n.

reforming

The catalytic conversion of hydrocarbon molecules into other products

Translations

Reforming

reforming

[¦rē′fȯrm·iŋ] (chemical engineering) The thermal or catalytic conversion of petroleum naphtha into more volatile products of higher octane number; represents the total effect of numerous simultaneous reactions, such as cracking, polymerization, dehydrogenation and isomerization.

Reforming

an industrial process for refining the gasoline and ligroin, or light naphtha, fractions of petroleum in order to obtain high-octane gasolines and aromatic hydrocarbons. Until the 1930’s, reforming was a type of cracking and was carried out at a temperature of 540° C and pressures of 5-7 meganewtons per square meter (MN/m²), or 50-70 kilograms-force per square centimeter (kgf/cm²). The process yielded gasoline with an octane number of 70-72. In the 1940’s reforming became a catalytic process, whose scientific principles were developed by, among others, N. D. Zelinskii and his followers and V. I. Karzhev and B. L. Moldavskii. This process was first used on an industrial scale in the United States in 1940.

Reforming is carried out at industrial installations equipped with a heating furnace and at least 3-4 reactors at temperatures of 350°-520°C and pressures of 1.5-4 MN/m² (15–40 kgf/cm²) in the presence of various catalysts. The catalysts include platinum, platinum-rhenium alloys, polymetallic catalysts containing platinum, rhenium, iridium, germanium, and certain other metals. In order to avoid impairing the activity of the catalyst by coke, which is a product of cracking-type reactions, reforming is carried out under high pressure with hydrogen, which circulates through the heating furnace and reactors.

Gasoline with an octane number of 90-95 makes up 80-85 percent of the yield from the reforming of petroleum gasoline fractions. Hydrogen accounts for 1.5-2 percent, and the balance is made up of gaseous hydrocarbons. Reforming is very important in the production of such aromatic hydrocarbons as benzene, toluene, and xylenes. Previously, such hydrocarbons had been obtained chiefly from the by-product coke industry. By 1970, however, more than 90 percent of the benzene produced in the United States and Canada was obtained from crude oil.

REFERENCES

Smidovich, E. V. Destruktivnaia pererabotka nefti i gaza, 2nd ed. (Tekhnologiia pererabotki nefti i gaza, part 2.) Moscow, 1968.
Sulimov, A. D. Kataliticheskii riforming benzinov. Moscow, 1973.

E. V. SMIDOVICH

单词	reforming
释义	reforming re·form R0117300 (rĭ-fôrm′)v. re·formed, re·form·ing, re·forms v.tr.1. To improve by alteration, correction of error, or removal of defects; put into a better form or condition: reform the tax code.2. a. To abolish abuse or malpractice in: reform the government.b. To put an end to (an abuse or wrong).3. To induce or persuade (a person) to give up harmful or immoral practices; cause to adopt a better way of life.4. Chemistry To subject (hydrocarbons) to cracking.v.intr. To change for the better.n.1. Action to improve or correct what is wrong or defective in something: health care reform.2. An instance of this; an improvement: reforms in education.adj.1. Relating to or favoring reform: a reform candidate for mayor.2. Reform Of or relating to Reform Judaism. [Middle English reformen, from Old French reformer, from Latin refōrmāre : re-, re- + fōrmāre, to shape (from fōrma, form).] re·form′a·bil′i·ty n.re·form′a·ble adj.re·form′er n. reforming The catalytic conversion of hydrocarbon molecules into other products Translations Reforming reforming [¦rē′fȯrm·iŋ] (chemical engineering) The thermal or catalytic conversion of petroleum naphtha into more volatile products of higher octane number; represents the total effect of numerous simultaneous reactions, such as cracking, polymerization, dehydrogenation and isomerization. Reforming an industrial process for refining the gasoline and ligroin, or light naphtha, fractions of petroleum in order to obtain high-octane gasolines and aromatic hydrocarbons. Until the 1930’s, reforming was a type of cracking and was carried out at a temperature of 540° C and pressures of 5-7 meganewtons per square meter (MN/m²), or 50-70 kilograms-force per square centimeter (kgf/cm²). The process yielded gasoline with an octane number of 70-72. In the 1940’s reforming became a catalytic process, whose scientific principles were developed by, among others, N. D. Zelinskii and his followers and V. I. Karzhev and B. L. Moldavskii. This process was first used on an industrial scale in the United States in 1940. Reforming is carried out at industrial installations equipped with a heating furnace and at least 3-4 reactors at temperatures of 350°-520°C and pressures of 1.5-4 MN/m² (15–40 kgf/cm²) in the presence of various catalysts. The catalysts include platinum, platinum-rhenium alloys, polymetallic catalysts containing platinum, rhenium, iridium, germanium, and certain other metals. In order to avoid impairing the activity of the catalyst by coke, which is a product of cracking-type reactions, reforming is carried out under high pressure with hydrogen, which circulates through the heating furnace and reactors. Gasoline with an octane number of 90-95 makes up 80-85 percent of the yield from the reforming of petroleum gasoline fractions. Hydrogen accounts for 1.5-2 percent, and the balance is made up of gaseous hydrocarbons. Reforming is very important in the production of such aromatic hydrocarbons as benzene, toluene, and xylenes. Previously, such hydrocarbons had been obtained chiefly from the by-product coke industry. By 1970, however, more than 90 percent of the benzene produced in the United States and Canada was obtained from crude oil. REFERENCES Smidovich, E. V. Destruktivnaia pererabotka nefti i gaza, 2nd ed. (Tekhnologiia pererabotki nefti i gaza, part 2.) Moscow, 1968. Sulimov, A. D. Kataliticheskii riforming benzinov. Moscow, 1973. E. V. SMIDOVICH LegalSeeReformThesaurusSeereform
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