| 释义 |
tardive dyskinesia
tardive dyskinesian. A chronic disorder of the nervous system characterized by involuntary jerky movements of the face, tongue, jaws, trunk, and limbs, usually caused by prolonged treatment with antipsychotic drugs.tar′dive dyskine′sia
n. nerve damage resulting in involuntary rolling of the tongue or twitching of facial or other small muscles, usu. associated with long-term use of antipsychotic drugs. Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | tardive dyskinesia - involuntary rolling of the tongue and twitching of the face or trunk or limbs; often occurs in patients with Parkinsonism who are treated with phenothiazinedyskinesia - abnormality in performing voluntary muscle movements |
tardive dyskinesia
tardive dyskinesia[′tär·div ‚dis·kə′nē·zhə] (medicine) A movement disorder marked by involuntary twitching of the mouth, lips, tongue, arms, legs, or trunk; frequently associated with the use of neuroleptic drugs. tardive dyskinesia
Tardive Dyskinesia DefinitionTardive dyskinesia is a mostly irreversible neurological disorder of involuntary movements caused by long-term use of antipsychotic or neuroleptic drugs.DescriptionAntipsychotic or neuroleptic drugs are powerful tranquilizers generally prescribed for serious psychiatric disorders, as well as neurological and gastrointestinal disorders. Some common antipsychotics are: chlorpromazine HCl (Thorazine), thioridazine HCl (Mellaril), haloperidol (Haldol), perphenazine (Trilafon), thiothixene (Navane), trifluoperazine HCl (Stelazine), and fluphenazine HCl (Permitil, Prolixin).When these drugs are used long term, tardive dyskinesia (TD) can result. About 20 percent of people taking antipsychotic drugs for more then one year become affected by TD. The prevalence of TD tends to be highest among elderly patients and among women.Causes and symptomsTD usually appears after years of antipsychotic drug use, and seems to be related to the total lifetime dose of medication. The symptoms include the following:- tongue protrusion
- grimacing
- rapid eye blinking
- lip smacking, pursing, or puckering
- rapid movement of the arms or legs
- other involuntary movements of the head, face, neck and tongue muscles
DiagnosisThe diagnosis of TD is suspected upon observation of involuntary movements of the head, neck, face, and tongue in individuals who have a history of antipsychotic drug prescription.TreatmentThere is no standard treatment for TD. The primary approach is to discontinue or minimize the use of antipsychotic drugs while attempting to treat some of the symptoms. The treatment must be individualized to the patient, because discontinuation of the antipsychotic drug(s) may not be advisable, depending on the patient's condition. In some cases, substituting another drug for the antipsychotic drug may be beneficial.PrognosisOnce TD appears in full—blown form, it can be permanent. With careful management, some symptoms may improve and even disappear with time. In less severe cases, some patients may recover from TD within three months of discontinuing the use of antipsychotic medication. Studies report that at least half of patients experience remission of major symptoms within 12 to 18 months following discontinuation of antipsychotic drugs. In some patients, however, decreasing the dose of the antipsychotic drug actually increases the symptoms of TD, while increasing the dose sometimes offers a temporary remission of the symptoms.PreventionTD can be prevented by early recognition and discontinuation of the antipsychotic medication if this is clinically possible. The use of antipsychotic drugs should in any case be kept to a minimum in all patients. Patients should be followed carefully to determine when the dose of the drug can be tapered off as the psychiatric condition improves. In all cases, the benefits of taking the antipsychotic medication should outweigh the risk of developing TD.A study has shown that elderly institutionalized patients with dementia that were treated with risperidone had a low incidence of TD. Although further study is needed, this study shows that non-conventional neuroleptic drugs should be considered to avoid the risk of tardive dyskinesia, particularly in elderly patients.ResourcesBooksTierney, Lawrence, et al. Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment. Los Altos: Lange Medical Publications, 2001.Periodicals"Risperidone May Lower Incidence of TD." Brown University geroPsych Report August 2000: 2.OrganizationsNational Institute for Mental Health. 6001 Executive Blvd., Room 8184, MSC 9663, Bethesda, MD 20892-9663. http://www.nimh.nih.gov.Tardive Dyskinesia/Tardive Dystonia National Association. P.O. Box 45732, Seattle, WA 98145-0732. (206) 522-3166.Key termsAntipsychotics — Drugs used to treat psychotic conditions such as schizophrenia or psychosis. These medications are powerful tranquilizers that all have sedating and calming effects, but their major effect is to reduce psychotic thinking and behavior.Neuroleptics — Any of a class of drugs used to treat psychotic conditions.Psychosis — A condition where a person's ability to recognize reality and cope with everyday life is severely affected.dyskinesia [dis-ki-ne´zhah] impairment of the power of voluntary movement.primary ciliary dyskinesia any of a group of hereditary syndromes characterized by delayed or absent mucociliary clearance from the airways; often there is also lack of motion of sperm. One variety is Kartagener's syndrome.tardive dyskinesia an iatrogenic disorder produced by long-term administration of antipsychotic agents; it is characterized by oral-lingual-buccal dyskinesias that usually resemble continual chewing motions with intermittent darting movements of the tongue; there may also be choreoathetoid movements of the extremities. The disorder is more common in women than in men and in the elderly than in the young, and incidence is related to drug dosage and duration of treatment. In some patients symptoms disappear within several months after antipsychotic drugs are withdrawn; in others symptoms may persist indefinitely.tar·dive dys·ki·ne·si·a [MIM*272620] involuntary movements of the facial muscles and tongue, often persistent, that develop as a late complication of some neuroleptic therapy, more likely with typical antipsychotic agents. Synonym(s): lingual-facial-buccal dyskinesia, tardive syndrometardive dyskinesian. A chronic disorder of the nervous system characterized by involuntary jerky movements of the face, tongue, jaws, trunk, and limbs, usually caused by prolonged treatment with antipsychotic drugs.tardive dyskinesia Neurology Slow involuntary sinuous rhythmic movements usually caused as a neurologic side effect of certain drugs–eg, tricyclic tranquilizers–phenothiazine and other tricyclics. See Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale, 'Piano playing. ', Rabbit syndrome, Tricyclic antidepressant.tar·dive dys·ki·ne·si·a (tahr'div dis'ki-nē'zē-ă) A neurologic disorder associated with involuntary repetitive movements of the facial muscles, tongue, limbs, and trunk; commonly associated with long-term treatment with antipsychotic medications such as phenothiazines. tardive dyskinesia Involuntary repetitive shaking movements induced by drugs, such as the phenothiazines, that persist or become worse after the drug is withdrawn. The condition usually affects elderly people after years of treatment with the drug.tar·dive dys·ki·ne·si·a (tahr'div dis'ki-nē'zē-ă) [MIM*272620] Involuntary movements of facial muscles and tongue, often persistent, which develop as a late complication of some neuroleptic therapy. FinancialSeet/dtardive dyskinesia
Related to tardive dyskinesia: neuroleptic malignant syndrome, tardive dystoniaWords related to tardive dyskinesianoun involuntary rolling of the tongue and twitching of the face or trunk or limbsRelated Words |