Sokolov, Nikolai Nikolaevich

Born Dec. 1 (13), 1826, in Yaroslavl Province; died July 13 (25), 1877, in St. Petersburg. Russian chemist.

Sokolov graduated from the University of St. Petersburg in 1847 and then worked with J. von Liebig and C. Gerhardt. In 1859 and 1860 he published Khimicheskii zhurnal N. Sokolova i A. Engel’gardta (Chemical Journal of N. Sokolov and A. Engel’gardt), the first Russian journal of chemistry, of which 24 books in four volumes were issued. Beginning in 1864, he held the chair in chemistry at Novorossiia University in Odessa, and in 1871, at the St. Petersburg Institute of Forestry and Land Cultivation.

Sokolov studied the various functional characteristics of hydrogen in organic compounds. He also established, using as examples glycolic, lactic, β-hydroxypropionic, and glyceric acids, that in hydroxy acids some of the hydrogen atoms are acidic, while others are alcoholic.

Born Sept. 21,1902, in the city of Slobodskoi, in what is now Kirov Oblast; died June 13, 1975, in Moscow. Soviet geneticist.

Sokolov graduated from the Kalinin Pedagogical Institute in 1928. In 1933 he joined the staff of the Institute of Experimental Biology, where he studied under N. K. Kol’tsov. From 1948 to 1956 he worked at the Yakut branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. In 1956, Sokolov began working at the Institute of Biophysics. From 1966 to 1975 he was head of the laboratory of experimental karyology at the Institute of Developmental Biology-Sokolov’s principal works dealt with the karyology of galli-forms, the structure and replication of chromosomes, the study of crossing-over, and the interaction between the nucleus and cytoplasm with regard to heredity and development during the distant hybridization of animals.