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reliability
re·li·a·ble R0139500 (rĭ-lī′ə-bəl)adj.1. Capable of being relied on; dependable: a reliable assistant; a reliable car.2. Yielding the same or compatible results in different clinical experiments or statistical trials.
re·li′a·bil′i·ty, re·li′a·ble·ness n.re·li′a·bly adv.Synonyms: reliable, dependable, responsible, trustworthy, trusty
These adjectives mean worthy of reliance or trust: a reliable source of information; a dependable worker; a responsible babysitter; a trustworthy report; a trusty assistant.reliabilityThe ability of an item to perform a required function under stated conditions for a specified period of time.Reliability/Unreliability See Also: FIRMNESS, STEADINESS - (I found the almond trees as) dependable as the swallows of Capistrano, announcing another spring —Wallace Stegner
- As reliable as the day following the night —Dorothea Straus
- [A collection of art works] as spotty as a Dalmation and not half as beautiful —Manuela Hoelterhoff, on the new Wallace wing at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Wall Street Journal, March 17, 1987
- Consistent and productive as machines —Gay Gaer Luce
- Dealing with Owen Roe was like walking across a bog. You never knew when the ground might give way under your feet —Julia O’Faolain
- Dependable as a floating crap game —Harry Prince
- Dependable as clockwork … —Anon
- Dependable as daylight —Beryl Markham
- A duty dodged is like a debt unpaid; it is only deferred, and we must come back and settle the account at last —Joseph Fort
- Duty without responsibility is like pomp without power —Edward, Duke of Windsor
- Fickle as a changeful dream —Sir Walter Scott
- It [buying a house] was like joining a church because it committed me to spending every weekend I could get … to working on the place —George V. Higgins
- (You’ve got) no more responsibility than a one-eyed jack rabbit —Elmer Kelton
- Reliability’s like a string we can only see the middle of —William McFee
- (About as) reliable as a Pravda editorial —Joseph Wambaugh
- Reliable as a salary —Frank R. Stockton
- Reliable as crystal balls, goat innards, and prayer —Harold Adams
- Reliable as he was eccentric —Mark Twain
- Reliable as reading tea leaves or the bumps on one’s head —Peter J. Bonacich, letter to editor of Discover, April, 1986
- Responsibility rested upon him as lightly as the freckles on his nose —Alice Caldwell Hegan
- Solid as tombstones —Helen Hudson
- Wore, like a garment, an air of wholesome reliability —Mazo De La Roche
- Would always be there … like some familiar landmark —Barbara Pym, The Sweet Dove Died
Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | reliability - the quality of being dependable or reliabledependability, dependableness, reliablenessresponsibleness, responsibility - a form of trustworthiness; the trait of being answerable to someone for something or being responsible for one's conduct; "he holds a position of great responsibility"solidity, solidness - the quality of being solid and reliable financially or factually or morally; "the solidity of the evidence worked in his favor"; "the solidness of her faith gave her enduring hope"infallibility - the quality of never making an errorduplicability, reproducibility - the quality of being reproducibleundependability, undependableness, unreliability, unreliableness - the trait of not being dependable or reliable |
Translationsrely (rəˈlai) : rely on verb1. to depend on or need. The people on the island relied on the supplies that were brought from the mainland; I am relying on you to help me. 依靠，仰賴 依靠2. to trust (someone) to do something; to be certain that (something will happen). Can he rely on him to keep a secret?; He can be relied on; That is what will probably happen, but we can't rely on it. 信賴, 信任 信赖, 信任reˈliable (-ˈlai-) adjective (negative unreliable) able to be trusted. Is he reliable?; Is this information reliable? 可信賴的 可信赖的reˌliaˈbility noun 可靠性 可靠性reˈliably (-ˈlai-) adverb from a reliable source; by a reliable person. I am reliably informed that the Prime Minister is going to resign. 可靠地 可靠地reˈliance (-ˈlai-) nouna country's reliance on aid from other countries; a child's reliance on its mother. 依靠，仰賴 依靠reˈliant adjective 依靠的 依靠的
reliability
reliability[ri‚lī·ə′bil·əd·ē] (engineering) The probability that a component part, equipment, or system will satisfactorily perform its intended function under given circumstances, such as environmental conditions, limitations as to operating time, and frequency and thoroughness of maintenance for a specified period of time. (statistics) The amount of credence placed in a result. The precision of a measurement, as measured by the variance of repeated measurements of the same object. reliability the dependability of data collected, or of the test or measurement used to collect it. A reliable measure is one which gives the same results if the same individuals are measured on more than one occasion. Reliability describes consistency and this is commonly calculated by a CORRELATION COEFFICIENT. This may be done when social survey data is collected from two samples taken from the same population at the same time, or when the same test is completed by the same people on two different occasions (test-retest reliability), or when two different forms of a test are used (alternate form reliability), or when the similarity between the two halves of a test is calculated (split-half reliability). Compare VALIDITY. Reliability the capacity of a product to maintain the values of predetermined functional parameters within definite limits that correspond to prescribed modes and conditions of use, service, storage, and shipment. Reliability is an integrated characteristic that may include dependability, service life, maintainability, and storage life separately or in particular combinations of characteristics, both for the product as a whole and for its parts, depending on the function and operating conditions. The main concept used in reliability theory is that of failure, or loss of serviceability, which takes place either abruptly or gradually. A product is serviceable when it meets all the requirements imposed on its basic parameters, among which are speed of response, load characteristics, stability, and accuracy of performance of production operations. Together with other factors, such as weight, size, and convenience of use, the requirements constitute a set of quality indicators for the product. The indicators may vary with time. A change in the indicators that exceeds permissible limits brings about failure (partial or complete failure of the product). The reliability indicators cannot be contrasted with other quality indicators: unless reliability is taken into consideration, all the other quality indicators of a product lose their significance, just as reliability indicators become valuable as quality indicators only in combination with other characteristics of a product. The concept of “product reliability” has long been used in engineering practice. Any technical equipment—machines, instruments, or attachments—has always been manufactured to last for a certain period of use that is adequate for practical purposes. However, for many years reliability was not measured quantitatively, so that its objective evaluation was very difficult. Such concepts as high reliability, low reliability, and other qualitative definitions were used to estimate it. The establishment of quantitative reliability factors and methods of measuring and calculating them marked the beginning of the scientific methods for the study of reliability. In the first stages of development of reliability theory, attention was concentrated on the collection and processing of statistical data on product failures. In evaluating reliability, the nature of the statement regarding the degree of reliability based on these statistical data was predominant. The development of reliability theory was accompanied by an improvement in the probabilistic methods of study: determination of the laws of distribution of mean cycles between failures and development of methods for calculating and testing products, taking into account the random nature of failure. At the same time, research was begun in new directions: a search for completely new methods of improving reliability, the prediction of falure and reliability, the analysis of physicochemical processes that affect reliability, and the establishment of quantitative relationships among the characteristics of the processes and reliability indicators. Research was also begun on the improvement of methods of calculating reliability for products of increasingly complex structure, taking into account the increasingly large number of factors acting on them (the authenticity of the original data, inspection and preventive treatment, operating conditions and maintenance, and so on). Reliability testing was refined chiefly in the direction of accelerated and nondestructive testing procedures. In addition to the improvement of full-scale tests, the use of mathematical simulation and a combination of the two became widespread. As a result, by the 1950’s the principles of a general theory of reliability and of its special branches for individual types of technology had been formulated. The main factors that have determined the most important trends in the study of reliability are the increasing complexity of technical devices, the greater criticality of the functions they perform, the more stringent requirements for the quality and operating conditions of products, and the increased role of automation (thereby reducing the feasibility of continuous monitoring of the condition of the apparatus). Technical equipment and its operating conditions are becoming increasingly complicated. Some types of apparatus may have hundreds of thousands of components. If special measures are not taken to ensure reliability, then any modern complex device will be virtually unusable. For example, in a modern electronic digital computer of average productivity, about 5 million changes of state take place per second as a result of switching its binary elements, which number in the tens of thousands. After the five hours of continuous operation that are required to solve a typical problem, more than 1012-1014 changes of state occur in the machine. In this case the probability of at least one failure becomes fairly large, and therefore special measures are necessary to ensure the computer’s serviceability. Increasingly critical functions are assigned to technical apparatus in production and control. A failure can frequently have catastrophic consequences. Reliability has become a very important problem in the era of the scientific and technical revolution. Quantitative reliability indicators Product reliability is determined by a set of factors; recommendations on the selection of reliability indicators exist for every type of product. Among the factors that are used to evaluate the reliability of products that can be in two possible states (serviceable or failed) are the average operating time Tav to failure (or mean cycles to failure), mean cycles T between failures, the failure density ʎ(t), the failure rate ѡ(t), the mean time Tr for restoration to a serviceable state, the probability P (t) of failure-free operation during a time t, and the operational readiness To The distribution law of the mean cycles between failures determines the quantitative reliability factors of nonrecoverable products. The distribution law is written in differential form f (t) or in integral form F (t) for the probability density. The following relationships exist between the reliability indicators and the distribution law: 
For recoverable products the probability of n failures during a time t in the case of the simplest flow of failures is governed by the Poisson distribution: 
From this it follows that the probability of no failures during time t is P (t) = e-ʎr (the exponential law of reliability). In reliability theory, technical systems composed of structurally independent subassemblies that are capable of structural reorganization to maintain serviceability in case of failure of individual parts are usually called complex technical systems (in contrast to complex cybernetic systems, which are also called major systems). The number of serviceable states of such systems is two or more. Each serviceable state is characterized by its operating efficiency, which can be measured by the productivity, the probability of accomplishing a given task, and so on. The total probability of serviceability of a system (the sum of the probabilities of all the serviceable states of the system) can be used as the reliability indicator for a complex system. Methods of determining quantitative reliability indicators. Reliability indicators are found from calculations, by making tests and processing the results (statistical data) of products in service, by simulation on an electronic computer, and by analysis of the physicochemical processes that determine product reliability. Reliability calculations are based on the fact that, for a given product design and distribution law for mean cycles between failures, there is a fully defined relationship between the reliability indicators of the individual components and the reliability of the product as a whole. The steps taken to establish such relationships include solution of the equation composed on the basis of a reliability block diagram (using series-parallel structures) or on the basis of the logical connections among the states of a product (using the algebra of logic), solution of the differential equations describing the process of transition of the product from one state to another (using state diagrams), and compilation of the functions that describe the state of the complex product. Reliability calculations are usually made at the design stage to predict the reliability for a given version of a product. This makes it possible to choose the most suitable version of a design and methods of ensuring reliability by revealing the weak points and by prescribing well-founded operating conditions and the mode and sequence of product maintenance. Reliability tests are made at the stages of development of an experimental model and of serial production of an article. A distinction is made among (1) definitive reliability tests, from which the reliability indicators are determined; (2) monitoring tests, for checking the quality of a production process, which ensure (with a certain risk) a reliability not lower than the specified reliability; (3) accelerated tests, in which factors that accelerate the onset of failures are used; and (4) nondestructive tests, which use methods of flaw detection and introscopy, as well as indirect criteria, such as noise and thermal radiation, that accompany the onset of failure. Simulation on an electronic computer is the most efficient means of analyzing the reliability of complex systems. Two simulation algorithms are widespread: the first is based on a simulation of the physical processes taking place in the object under study (in this case the evaluation of reliability depends on the number of times that the parameters of the object exceed permissible limits), and the second is based on the solution of systems of equations that describe the states of the object under study. The reliability of a product can also be evaluated by analyzing physicochemical processes, because it is often possible to establish the dependence of reliability on the condition and nature of the progress of the physicochemical processes (the correlation of the strength and load factors, wear resistance, the presence of impurities in materials, the variation in electrical and magnetic characteristics, noise effects, and so on). The analysis of physico-chemical processes is most often used to evaluate the reliability of components of electronic apparatus. Methods of improving reliability.DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE. Steps taken to improve the reliability of products include the use of new materials and components, which have better physico-chemical properties and higher reliability, respectively, compared to those used previously; fundamentally new design treatments, such as the replacement of electron tubes by semiconductor devices and then by integrated circuits; apparatus (component), time, and information redundancy; development of anti-interference programs and anti-interference coding of information; choice of the optimum modes of operation and the most effective protection from adverse internal and external influences; and use of effective inspection, which makes it possible not only to ascertain the technical condition of a product (simple inspection) and to establish the causes for failure (diagnostic inspection) but also to predict the future condition of the product in order to prevent failure (predictive inspection). DURING PRODUCTION. To increase reliability during the production process, use is made of advanced technology for processing materials and methods of assembling parts. Effective methods (including automatic and statistical methods) are used for monitoring the quality of the technological operations and of the product, and efficient procedures are developed for aging products to reveal latent production flaws. Reliability tests are performed that preclude the acceptance of unreliable products. DURING USE. During use, predetermined conditions and modes of operation are provided; preventive work is performed, and spare parts, subassemblies, and components, as well as tools and materials, are provided. Diagnostic inspections are also made to prevent failure. As technology develops, the problem of ensuring reliability takes on new aspects. For example, the introduction of large integrated circuits requires fundamentally new methods of calculating their reliability, and the use of automatic inspection systems leads to the necessity of taking into account the effect of automatic inspection on the reliability indicator. The science of reliability has emerged at the junction of a number of scientific disciplines—the theory of probability and random processes, mathematical logic, thermodynamics, and technical diagnostics —whose development is interrelated and is reflected in the development of reliability theory. The main trend in the development of the science of reliability is governed by the overall trend of technical development in various sectors of the national economy and by the problems of the economic plans of the country. Among the most urgent problems of reliability theory are the evaluation and assurance of reliability in complex cybernetic systems. The problem of reliability is an “eternal” problem, since it appears in a new formulation at every new stage of development in technology. REFERENCESShor, Ia. B. Statisticheskie melody analiza i kontrolia kachestva i nadezhnosti. Moscow, 1962.
Berg, A. I. Kibernetika i nadezhnost’. Moscow, 1964.
Gnedenko, B. V., Iu. K. Beliaev, and A. D. Solov’ev. Matematicheskie melody v teorii nadezhnosti. Moscow, 1965.
Sotskov, B. S. Osnovy teorii i rascheta nadezhnosti elementov i ustroistv avtomatiki i vychislitei’noi tekhniki. Moscow, 1970.
Bruevich, N. G. “Kolichestvennye otsenki nadezhnosti izdelii.” In the collection Osnovnye voprosy teorii i praktiki nadezhnosti. Moscow, 1971.
Lloyd, D., and M. Lipow. Nadezhnost’. Moscow, 1964. (Translated from English.)
Bazovsky, I. Nadezhnost’: Teoriia ipraktika. Moscow, 1965. (Translated from English.)
Barlow, R., and F. Proschan. Matematicheskaia teoriia nadezhnosti. Moscow, 1969. (Translated from English.)N. G. BRUEVICH and T. A. GOLINKEVICH reliability (system)An attribute of any system that consistently producesthe same results, preferably meeting or exceeding itsspecifications. The term may be qualified, e.g software reliability, reliable communication.
Reliability is one component of RAS.reliabilityThe trustworthiness to do what the system is expected or designed to do. Reliability metrics include the following averages:
POFOD (probability of failure on demand)
The likelihood that the system will fail when a user requests service. A biometric authentication device that fails to correctly identify or reject users an average of once out of a hundred times has a POFOD of 1%.
ROCOF (rate of occurrence of failure)
The number of unexpected events over a particular time of operation. A firewall that crashes an average of five times every 1,000 hours has a ROCOF of 5 per 1,000 hours.
MTTF (mean time to failure)
The average time between unexpected events. If an IDS fails on average every 300 hours, its MTTF is 300 hours.
AVAIL (availability or uptime)
The percentage of time that a system is available for use, taking into account planned and unplanned downtime. If a system is down an average of four hours out of 100 hours of operation, its AVAIL is 96%.reliability
reliability [re-li″ah-bil´ĭ-te] 1. in statistics, the tendency of a system to be resistant to failure.2. precision (def. 2).re·li·a·bil·i·ty (rē-lī'ă-bil'i-tē), The degree of stability exhibited when a measurement is repeated under identical conditions. See: correlation coefficient, reliability coefficient. [M.E. relien, fr. O.Fr. relier, fr. L. religo, to bind] reliability Statistics The extent to which the same test or procedure will yield the same result either over time or with different observers. See Interrater reliability, Test-retest reliability. re·li·a·bil·i·ty (rĕ-lī'ă-bil'i-tē) Repeatability; ability of a test to be repeated by several testers and produce the same result. [M.E. relien, fr. O.Fr. relier, fr. L. religo, to bind]reliability The extent to which multiple measurements of the same thing, made on separate occasions, yield approximately the same results. The reliability between two sets of scores can be assessed by determining the correlation coefficient (test-retest reliability coefficient). See validity.re·li·a·bil·i·ty (rĕ-lī'ă-bil'i-tē) Degree of stability exhibited when a measurement is repeated under identical conditions.
See: correlation coefficient[M.E. relien, fr. O.Fr. relier, fr. L. religo, to bind]Patient discussion about reliabilityQ. How easy is it to tell about the baby’s birth date? Is it reliable? Hi everyone! My sister is being diagnosed as pregnant. She has a very regular menstrual cycle and her hormone levels are good. How easy is it to tell about the baby’s birth date? Is it reliable?A. My friend got the due date of birth by doctor and it goes very near by, just the difference was for 5 days from the date. Since you have very regular menstural cycle, it would be easy for the doctors to calculate the birth date. And you can rely on the birth date being calculated by the doctors. It can be calculated easily. You need to find the 1st day of your last period then count back 3 months and add 7 days. Now you get your date. Q. Can someone…clarify which is the best and reliable one? Hi I am 23 years woman............ I am confused with the different type of tests and diagnosis my friend is having as she is being suspected for breasts cancer. Can someone…clarify which is the best and reliable one?A. Please understand that all the tests that are being carried out are reliable and it would entirely depend upon the requirement and treatment stages. They would also depend upon age groups , stages of cancer etc. In general the different types are: clinical breast examination done by the clinicians in a clinic. Mammogram, which are special X-ray to check abnormal growth changes in the breast tissues. Chance of cyst to be confused by breast cancer is resolved by ultrasound. To check if the particular tissue is cancerous is done by breast biopsy. Q. What are the tests and steps involved in diagnosis of breast cancer and are all tests reliable? A. First symptoms are looked for----- as a lump and pain associated with it and any redness or any nipple discharge. They also look for the medical history and if found for any possibility then it’s evaluated by mammography, but for woman it can give wrong result as they have dense breasts but for men it is well diagnosed. If any breast abnormalities are found during mammography they are confirmed with ultrasound and for women patients this is a better option. For women and symptom evident men for nipple discharge are also looked for nipple discharge test. But these tests do not confirm a cancer and for confirmation a biopsy is required followed by lab test on those biopsy samples. Biopsy is removing of body tissue for further cancer confirmative lab tests which is generally looking under a microscope to indentify the cell type and the type of cancer is known. Their reliability is based on the person operating the instrument and his experience. More discussions about reliabilityreliability
Related to reliability: Software reliability, Reliability testingreliability in the law of evidence, the aspect of evidence that the fact-finder feels able to rely upon in coming to a decision. Before the evidence can be relied upon, it must usually also be credible. It is at this stage that a court may believe a witness because he says he saw the accused stab the victim, but the court may or may not rely upon that evidence depending upon the circumstances, such as the prevailing light or weather conditions or state of mind of the witness. See CREDIBILITY.reliability
reliability the extent to which a product fulfils its function over a period of time. The reliability of a product depends upon its design characteristics, the quality of materials and components embodied within it and the care with which it is made and assembled. A product's reliability is an important part of its performance in use and thus affects the appeal of the product to customers and the likelihood of their buying it. See BRAND LOYALTY. See QUALITY CONTROL, FAILURE RATE CURVE, PARALLEL SYSTEM. AcronymsSeerelationreliability
Related to reliability: Software reliability, Reliability testingSynonyms for reliabilitynoun the quality of being dependable or reliableSynonyms- dependability
- dependableness
- reliableness
Related Words- responsibleness
- responsibility
- solidity
- solidness
- infallibility
- duplicability
- reproducibility
Antonyms- undependability
- undependableness
- unreliability
- unreliableness
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