| 释义 |
volume
 volumeTo calculate the volume of a cube, multiply the length of an edge of the cube by itself twice. The volume of this cube is 125 cubic feet.vol·ume V0143900 (vŏl′yo͞om, -yəm)n.1. a. A collection of written or printed sheets bound together; a book.b. One of the books of a work printed and bound in more than one book.c. A series of issues of a periodical, usually covering one calendar year.d. A unit of written material assembled together and cataloged in a library.2. A roll of parchment; a scroll.3. Abbr. Va. The amount of space occupied by a three-dimensional object or region of space, expressed in cubic units.b. The capacity of such a region or of a specified container, expressed in cubic units.4. a. Amount; quantity: a low volume of business; a considerable volume of lumber.b. often volumes A large amount: volumes of praise.5. a. The amplitude or loudness of a sound.b. A control, as on a radio, for adjusting amplitude or loudness.
[Middle English, from Old French, from Latin volūmen, roll of writing, from volvere, to roll; see wel- in Indo-European roots.]volume (ˈvɒljuːm) n1. (Units) the magnitude of the three-dimensional space enclosed within or occupied by an object, geometric solid, etc. Symbol: V 2. a large mass or quantity: the volume of protest. 3. an amount or total: the volume of exports. 4. (Music, other) fullness or intensity of tone or sound5. the control on a radio, etc, for adjusting the intensity of sound6. (Library Science & Bibliography) a bound collection of printed or written pages; book7. (Library Science & Bibliography) any of several books either bound in an identical format or part of a series8. (Library Science & Bibliography) the complete set of issues of a periodical over a specified period, esp one year9. (Historical Terms) history a roll or scroll of parchment, papyrus, etc10. speak volumes to convey much significant information Abbreviations (for senses 6–8): v or vol [C14: from Old French volum, from Latin volūmen a roll, book, from volvere to roll up]vol•ume (ˈvɒl yum, -yəm)
n. 1. a. the amount of space, measured in cubic units, that an object or substance occupies. b. the measured amount that a container or other object can hold; cubic capacity. 2. a mass or quantity, esp. a large quantity, of something: a volume of mail. 3. amount; total: the volume of sales. 4. mass; bulk. 5. the degree of sound intensity or audibility; loudness: to turn up the volume on a radio. 6. fullness or quantity of tone. 7. a book, esp. as a separately bound portion of a larger work, or as one of a series of works. 8. a set of issues of a periodical, often covering one year. 9. a roll of papyrus, parchment, etc.; scroll. Idioms: speak volumes, to be expressive or full of meaning. [1350–1400; < Middle French < Latin volūmen roll (of sheets), derivative of volvere to roll] vol′umed, adj. vol·ume (vŏl′yo͞om)1. The amount of space occupied by a three-dimensional object or region of space.2. A measure of the loudness or intensity of a sound.volume - Originally the name of a scroll or roll of papyrus, from Latin volvere, "to roll up."See also related terms for papyrus.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  volume - the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object; "the gas expanded to twice its original volume"quantity, measure, amount - how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantifycapacity measure, capacity unit, cubage unit, cubature unit, cubic content unit, cubic measure, displacement unit, volume unit - a unit of measurement of volume or capacitycapacity, content - the amount that can be contained; "the gas tank has a capacity of 12 gallons" | | 2. | volume - the property of something that is great in magnitude; "it is cheaper to buy it in bulk"; "he received a mass of correspondence"; "the volume of exports"bulk, massmagnitude - the property of relative size or extent (whether large or small); "they tried to predict the magnitude of the explosion"; "about the magnitude of a small pea"dollar volume, turnover - the volume measured in dollars; "the store's dollar volume continues to rise" | | 3. |  volume - physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together; "he used a large book as a doorstop"bookalbum - a book of blank pages with pockets or envelopes; for organizing photographs or stamp collections etcbook binding, cover, binding, back - the protective covering on the front, back, and spine of a book; "the book had a leather binding"coffee-table book - an elaborate oversize book suitable for displaying on a coffee tablefolio - a book (or manuscript) consisting of large sheets of paper folded in the middle to make two leaves or four pages; "the first folio of Shakespeare's plays"fore edge, foredge - the part of a book that faces inward when the book is shelved; the part opposite the spinehardback, hardcover - a book with cardboard or cloth or leather coversjournal - a record book as a physical objectnovel - a printed and bound book that is an extended work of fiction; "his bookcases were filled with nothing but novels"; "he burned all the novels"order book - a book in which customers' orders are entered; usually makes multiple copies of the orderpaperback, paperback book, paper-back book, softback, softback book, soft-cover, soft-cover book - a book with paper coverspicture book - a book consisting chiefly of picturesproduct, production - an artifact that has been created by someone or some process; "they improve their product every year"; "they export most of their agricultural production"sketch block, sketch pad, sketchbook - a book containing sheets of paper on which sketches can be drawnbackbone, spine - the part of a book's cover that encloses the inner side of the book's pages and that faces outward when the book is shelved; "the title and author were printed on the spine of the book"notebook - a book with blank pages for recording notes or memoranda | | 4. |  volume - a publication that is one of a set of several similar publications; "the third volume was missing"; "he asked for the 1989 volume of the Annual Review"publication - a copy of a printed work offered for distributionset - a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used; "a set of books"; "a set of golf clubs"; "a set of teeth" | | 5. | volume - a relative amount; "mix one volume of the solution with ten volumes of water"quantity, measure, amount - how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify | | 6. |  volume - the magnitude of sound (usually in a specified direction); "the kids played their music at full volume"loudness, intensitysound property - an attribute of soundcrescendo - (music) a gradual increase in loudnessfortissimo, forte - (music) loud |
volumenoun1. amount, quantity, level, body, total, measure, degree, mass, proportion, bulk, aggregate the sheer volume of traffic on our motorways2. capacity, size, mass, extent, proportions, dimensions, bulk, measurements, magnitude, compass, largeness, cubic content When water is frozen it increases in volume.3. book, work, title, opus, publication, manual, tome, treatise, almanac, compendium a slim volume of English poetry4. loudness, sound, amplification He came round to complain about the volume of the music.Related words
adjective cubicalvolumenoun1. A printed and bound work:book, tome.2. An issue of printed material offered for sale or distribution:opus, publication, title, work.3. Great extent, amount, or dimension.Often used in plural:amplitude, bulk, magnitude, mass, size.Translationsvolume (ˈvoljum) noun1. a book. This library contains over a million volumes. 冊 册2. one of a series of connected books. Where is volume fifteen of the encyclopedia? 卷 卷3. the amount of space occupied by something, expressed in cubic measurement. What is the volume of the petrol tank? 容積 容积4. amount. A large volume of work remains to be done. (不可數名詞)數量 （不可数）量 5. level of sound eg on a radio, television etc. Turn up the volume on the radio. 音量 音量- Could you lower the volume, please? (US)
Please could you lower the volume? (UK) → 请把音量开小一点 - May I turn up the volume? (US)
May I turn the volume up? (UK) → 我可以把音量开大吗？
volume
speak volumesTo reveal or indicate a great deal about someone or something. How you react to challenges speaks volumes about your character. He didn't answer the question directly, but his response speaks volumes. Her choice of dress for the event spoke volumes.See also: speak, volumespeak volumesFig. [for something that is seen] to reveal a great deal of information. The unsightly yard and unpainted house speaks volumes about what kind of people live there.See also: speak, volumespeak volumesBe significant, indicate a great deal, as in That house of theirs speaks volumes about their income. This idiom uses volumes in the sense of "the information contained in volumes of books." [c. 1800] See also: speak, volumespeak volumes COMMON If something speaks volumes, it gives you a lot of information about the true facts of a situation. What you wear speaks volumes about you. Her background, while speaking volumes about her business skills, could not convince the arts world that she was part of it. Note: In this expression, a `volume' is a book. See also: speak, volumespeak volumes 1 (of a gesture, circumstance, or object) convey a great deal. 2 be good evidence for. 2 1998 New Scientist It was a minor scandal… but it spoke volumes about the world's shifting relationship with its favourite illicit drug. See also: speak, volumespeak ˈvolumes (about/for somebody/something) show or express a lot about the nature or quality of somebody/something: Her face spoke volumes. You could see how much she had suffered. ♢ The progress he’s made since the operation speaks volumes for his courage.See also: speak, volumespeak volumes, toTo say a great deal about something, to be very expressive on a subject. In this hyperbolic phrase, what is being said is likened to an entire book. It dates from about 1800 and continues to be current. M. Wilmot used it in a letter of May 3, 1803, “A sentimental story that speaks Volumes in favour of the Count and his Daughter.” See also: speakvolume
See also: Formulas for the Volumes of Some Common Solids (table)Formulas for the Volumes of Some Common Solids
Solid Volume1
cube l3
right rectangular parallelepiped lwh
prism Bh
right circular cylinder πr2h
pyramid 1-3Bh
..... Click the link for more information. volume, measure of solid content or capacity, usually expressed in units that are the cubes of linear units, such as cubic inches and cubic centimeters, or in units of dry and liquid measure, such as bushels, gallons, and liters. Volumes of complicated geometric forms are often calculated using integral calculuscalculus,
branch of mathematics that studies continuously changing quantities. The calculus is characterized by the use of infinite processes, involving passage to a limit—the notion of tending toward, or approaching, an ultimate value.
..... Click the link for more information. . See the table entitled Formulas for the Volumes of Some Common SolidsFormulas for the Volumes of Some Common Solids
Solid Volume1
cube l3
right rectangular parallelepiped lwh
prism Bh
right circular cylinder πr2h
pyramid 1-3Bh
..... Click the link for more information. .Volume one of the fundamental quantities associated with geometric solids. In the simplest cases volume is measured by the number of unit cubes that can fit in the solid, that is, the number of cubes with an edge of unit length. The problem of calculating the volumes of very simple solids stems from practical needs and was a stimulus to the development of geometry. The mathematics of the ancient East—Babylonia and Egypt—had a number of mostly empirical rules for calculating the volume of such frequently encountered solids as prismatic beams, whole and truncated pyramids, and cylinders. The volume formulas included inaccurate ones. The percentage error resulting from the use of inaccurate formulas was slight only within the limits of the linear dimensions commonly encountered in solids. The Greek mathematicians of the last centuries before the Common Era freed the theory of volume calculation from approximate empirical rules. Euclid’s Elements and the works of Archimedes contain only exact rules for calculating the volumes of polyhedrons and certain round solids, namely, the cylinder, cone, sphere, and parts thereof. In their theory of volumes of polyhedrons, Greek mathematicians had to overcome the considerable difficulties that make this branch of geometry substantially different from the related branch dealing with the areas of polygons. Not until the early 20th century was the reason for this difference found. Using rectilinear cuts it is possible to dissect a polygon into parts that can be rearranged into a square. Dehn showed in 1901 that the analogous transformation of an arbitrary polyhedron into a cube by means of plane cuts is in general impossible. That is why, in establishing the formula for the volume of a tetrahedron, the simplest of all polyhedrons, Euclid had to resort to an infinite process of successive approximations—the method of exhaustion. An infinite process also underlies the modern treatment of volume measurement. The modern approach considers all possible polyhedrons inscribed in the solid K and all possible polyhedrons circumscribed about K. The calculation of the volume of a polyhedron reduces to the calculation of the volume of the polyhedron’s constituent tetrahedrons. Let {Vi} be the set of volumes of the polyhedrons inscribed in K and {Vd} be the set of volumes of the polyhedrons circumscribed about K. The set {Vi} is bounded from above by the volume of any circumscribed polyhedron, and the set {Vd} is bounded from below by, for example, the number 0. The least upper bound of {Vi} is called the inner volume V̱ of K, and the greatest lower bound of {Vd} is called the outer volume V̱ of K. If $V coincides with V, then the number V = V = V is called the volume of K, and K is said to be Jordan measurable. A necessary and sufficient condition for a solid to be measurable is that for any positive number ∊ there exist a polyhedron circumscribed about the solid and a polyhedron inscribed in the solid such that the difference Vd – Vi of their volumes is less than ∊. Analytically, volume can be expressed by means of multiple integrals. Let the solid K (Figure 1) be bounded by a cylindrical surface with generators parallel to the z-axis, by the Jordan-measurable region M of the plane xOy, and by the surface  Figure 1
z = f(x, y), which is intersected by any line parallel to a generator of the cylinder at exactly one point. The volume of such a solid can be calculated by means of the double integral V = ∫∫Mf (x, y) dxdy The volume of a solid bounded by a closed surface that meets a line parallel to the z-axis at no more than two points can be calculated as the difference of the volumes of two solids of the kind just described. The volume of a solid can also be expressed by the triple integral  Figure 2
where the integration extends over the part of space occupied by the solid. Sometimes it is convenient to calculate the volume of a solid in terms of cross sections. Let a solid (Figure 2) lying between the planes z = a and z = b, b > a, be cut by planes perpendicular to the z-axis. If all cross sections of the solid are measurable and the cross-sectional area S is a continuous function of z, then the volume of the solid can be expressed by the simple integral 
Historically, the operation of integration was actually used (in various geometric forms) to calculate the volumes of simple solids—the pyramid, the sphere, and some solids of revolution—long before the development of the integral calculus. Thus the way was prepared for the development of the integral calculus in the 17th and 18th centuries. In particular, Cavalieri’s principle, which is still important as a teaching device, contained formula (1) in embryonic form. Simpson’s rule, which is appropriate when the function S(z) in (1) is a polynomial of at most third degree, is also useful in elementary instruction. REFERENCESKudriavtsev, L. D. Matematicheskii analiz, vols. 1–2. Moscow, 1970.
Lebesgue, H. Ob izmerenii velichin, 2nd ed. Moscow, 1960. (Translated from French.)volume[′väl·yəm] (acoustics) The intensity of a sound. (computer science) A single unit of external storage, all of which can be read or written by a single access mechanism or input/output device. (engineering acoustics) The magnitude of a complex audio-frequency current as measured in volume units on a standard volume indicator. (mathematics) A measure of the size of a body or definite region in three-dimensional space; it is equal to the least upper bound of the sum of the volumes of nonoverlapping cubes that can be fitted inside the body or region, where the volume of a cube is the cube of the length of one of its sides. Abbreviated vol. volume1. the magnitude of the three-dimensional space enclosed within or occupied by an object, geometric solid, etc. 2. fullness or intensity of tone or sound 3. History a roll or scroll of parchment, papyrus, etc. volumeA physical storage unit, such as a hard disk, floppy disk, disk cartridge, CD-ROM disc or reel of tape. See volume label and logical volume.volume
volume [vol´ūm] the space occupied by a substance or a three-dimensional region; the capacity of such a region or of a container.blood volume the volume" >plasma volume added to the volume" >red cell volume; see also blood volume.closing volume (CV) the volume of gas in the lungs in excess of the volume" >residual volume at the time small airways in the dependent portions close during maximal exhalation; see also closing volume.deficient fluid volume a nursing diagnosis accepted by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association, defined as decreased intravascular, interstitial, and/or intracellular fluid. This refers to dehydration, water loss alone without change in sodium. See also volume" >fluid volume. Formerly called fluid volume deficit.
When a person engages in normal physical activity and the environmental temperature is 20°C (68°F), the body loses about 2400 ml of water in 24 hours. About 1400 ml are lost in urine, 200 ml in feces, and 100 ml in sweat. The remaining 700 ml are lost through what is called insensible water loss, which takes place by diffusion through the skin and by evaporation from the lungs. About 300 ml of water diffuse through the epithelial cells daily. The lungs excrete about 400 ml per day.
A deficit of fluid volume occurs when there is either an excessive loss of body water or an inadequate compensatory intake. Etiologic factors include active loss through vomiting, diarrhea, gastric suctioning, drainage through operative wounds and tubes, burns, fistulas, hypermetabolic states, and drug-induced diuresis. Insufficient intake of water can be caused by nausea, immobility with inaccessibility of water, and lack of knowledge about the necessity of adequate fluid intake.Patient Care. Assessment of the patient's hydration status includes monitoring lab data for such signs as increased packed red blood cell volume, increased plasma protein level, elevated specific gravity of urine, and increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) out of proportion to a change in serum creatinine. In the absence of other problems, the serum sodium should remain within normal limits.
Recording daily weight gives information about the amount of water gained or lost each day. If there is a fluid volume deficit, intake and output measurements can give evidence of fluid imbalance. The urine appears concentrated and is usually well below the criterion of 50 ml of output per hour. Other objective assessment data include hypotension and a decrease in venous filling and in pulse volume and pressure. The mucous membranes are dry, as is the skin, which loses its turgor. The patient may complain of thirst and the body temperature may be elevated.
Patients at risk for profound and potentially fatal fluid volume deficit, as in severe burns, should be assessed frequently for mental acuity status and orientation to person, place, and time. Measures to improve hydration status should take into account the patient's ability to drink and retain fluids by mouth, preferences for certain fluids, and whether hot or cold drinks are preferred. The goal of oral fluid intake should be about 2000 ml per day. Explanations about the importance of an adequate fluid intake and assuring the availability of fresh water and fluids attractive to the patient can help reach the desired goal. Intravenous administration of fluids, especially isotonic saline, may be necessary if oral replacement is not possible. In severe and intractable fluid volume deficit a central venous catheter may be used to evaluate the extent of fluid loss and to guide replacement therapy.excess fluid volume a nursing diagnosis accepted by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association, defined as increased isotonic fluid retention; see also volume" >fluid volume. Factors contributing to this include (1) arterial dilatation, as occurs in the inflammatory process; (2) reduced oncotic pressure, as in hypoproteinuria (particularly a deficit of albumin, which is responsible for 80 per cent of oncotic pressure), lymphatic obstruction, and increased capillary permeability, which allows water to escape into the tissues and produce swelling; (3) renal retention of sodium and consequently of water, as seen in renal failure; (4) inadequate circulation of blood through the general circulation, as in heart failure" >congestive heart failure, or through the portal circulation, as in liver failure; and (5) overproduction or administration of adrenocortical hormones.
Hypervolemia can occur when a patient receives excessive fluid replacement or repeated tap water enemas or, much less frequently, drinks more fluids than are eliminated. Characteristics of fluid volume excess include obvious swelling, localized or generalized; weight gain; pulmonary congestion with accompanying shortness of breath, orthopnea, and abnormal breath sounds; a fluid intake greater than output; distended neck veins; and changes in central venous and pulmonary artery pressures.expiratory reserve volume the maximal amount of gas that can be exhaled from the resting end-expiratory level.fluid volume the volume of the body fluids, including both intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid.forced expiratory volume (FEV) the volume that can be exhaled from a full inhalation by exhaling as forcefully and rapidly as possible for a timed period. Times are denoted by subscripts, such as FEV0.5, FEV1.0, FEV2.0, and FEV3.0 for FEV values for 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 seconds.inspiratory reserve volume the maximal amount of gas that can be inhaled from the end-inspiratory position.mean corpuscular volume (MCV) the average volume of erythrocytes, conventionally expressed in cubic micrometers or femtoliters (μm3 = fL) per red cell, obtained by multiplying the hematocrit (in l/L) by 1000 and dividing by the red cell count (in millions per μL): MCV = Hct/RBC. Automated electronic blood cell counters generally obtain the MCV directly from the average pulse height of the voltage pulses produced during the red cell count. These instruments obtain the hematocrit indirectly from the equation Hct = MCV × RBC.minute volume (MV) the quantity of gas exhaled from the lungs per minute; volume" >tidal volume multiplied by rate" >respiration rate.packed-cell volume (PCV) hematocrit.plasma volume the total volume of blood plasma, i.e., the extracellular fluid volume of the vascular space; see also blood volume" >blood volume.red cell volume the total volume of red cells in the body; see also blood volume." >blood volume.residual volume (RV) the amount of gas remaining in the lung at the end of a maximal exhalation.risk for deficient fluid volume a nursing diagnosis accepted by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association, defined as being at risk for vascular, cellular, or intracellular dehydration. See also volume" >deficient fluid volume.stroke volume the quantity of blood ejected from a ventricle at each beat of the heart; called also stroke output.tidal volume the amount of gas passing into and out of the lungs in each respiratory cycle.vol·ume (V, V), (vol'yŭm), Avoid the misspelling volumn.Space occupied by matter, expressed usually in cubic millimeters, cubic centimeters, liters, etc. See: water.
See also: capacity. [L. volumen, something rolled up, scroll, fr. volvo, to roll] volume Vox populi A measure of the capacity or quantity of a thing. See Dwell volume, End-diastolic volume, End-systolic volume, Expiratory reserve volume, Extracellular fluid volume, Forced expiratory volume, Lung volume, Postvoid residual urine volume, Residual volume, Stroke volume, Void volume. vol·ume (vol'yūm) Space occupied by matter, usually expressed in units such as cubic millimeters, cubic centimeters, and liters.
See also: capacity, water[L. volumen, something rolled up, scroll, fr. volvo, to roll]vol·ume (vol'yūm) Space occupied by matter, expressed usually in cubic millimeters, cubic centimeters, liters, and other measures. [L. volumen, something rolled up, scroll, fr. volvo, to roll]Volume
VolumeThis is the daily number of shares of a security that change hands between a buyer and a seller. Also known as volume traded. Also see Up volume and Down volume.volume The amount of trading sustained in a security or in the entire market during a given period. Especially heavy volume may indicate that important news has just been announced or is expected. See also average daily volume.Volume.Volume is the number of shares traded in a company's stock or in an entire market over a specified period, typically a day. Unusual market activity, either higher or lower than average, is typically the result of some external event. But unusual activity in an individual stock reflects new information about that stock or the stock's sector. See VO
See VOLvolume
Synonyms for volumenoun amountSynonyms- amount
- quantity
- level
- body
- total
- measure
- degree
- mass
- proportion
- bulk
- aggregate
noun capacitySynonyms- capacity
- size
- mass
- extent
- proportions
- dimensions
- bulk
- measurements
- magnitude
- compass
- largeness
- cubic content
noun bookSynonyms- book
- work
- title
- opus
- publication
- manual
- tome
- treatise
- almanac
- compendium
noun loudnessSynonyms- loudness
- sound
- amplification
Synonyms for volumenoun a printed and bound workSynonymsnoun an issue of printed material offered for sale or distributionSynonymsnoun great extent, amount, or dimensionSynonyms- amplitude
- bulk
- magnitude
- mass
- size
Synonyms for volumenoun the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an objectRelated Words- quantity
- measure
- amount
- capacity measure
- capacity unit
- cubage unit
- cubature unit
- cubic content unit
- cubic measure
- displacement unit
- volume unit
- capacity
- content
noun the property of something that is great in magnitudeSynonymsRelated Words- magnitude
- dollar volume
- turnover
noun physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound togetherSynonymsRelated Words- album
- book binding
- cover
- binding
- back
- coffee-table book
- folio
- fore edge
- foredge
- hardback
- hardcover
- journal
- novel
- order book
- paperback
- paperback book
- paper-back book
- softback
- softback book
- soft-cover
- soft-cover book
- picture book
- product
- production
- sketch block
- sketch pad
- sketchbook
- backbone
- spine
- notebook
noun a publication that is one of a set of several similar publicationsRelated Wordsnoun a relative amountRelated Wordsnoun the magnitude of sound (usually in a specified direction)SynonymsRelated Words- sound property
- crescendo
- fortissimo
- forte
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