| 单词 | aquarium | |||
| 释义 | aquariuma·quar·i·umA0390100 (ə-kwâr′ē-əm)aquarium(əˈkwɛərɪəm)a•quar•i•um(əˈkwɛər i əm)n., pl. a•quar•i•ums, a•quar•i•a (əˈkwɛər i ə) a·quar·i·um(ə-kwâr′ē-əm)Aquariuma place for keeping fish; a collection of tanks for fish, hence, the fish themselves collectively—Wilkes.
aquarium(əˈkweəriəm) – plurals aˈquariums ~aˈquaria – nounaquarium→ 水族馆zhCNaquariumaquarium,name for any supervised exhibit of aquatic animals and plants. Aquariums are known to have been constructed in ancient Rome, Egypt, and Asia. Goldfish have been bred in China for several hundred years and are still the most commonly kept fish in home aquariums, although small tropical fish, such as guppies, have become increasingly popular. Large public aquariums have been made possible by the development of exhibit tanks capable of holding over 100,000 gal (378,500 liters) of water. The first aquarium known to have been constructed with glass is in Regent's Park, London (1853).The maintenance of an aquarium of any size requires the careful regulation of water flow, temperature, light, food, and oxygen, removal of injurious debris, and attention to the special requirements of the individual species kept. Green aquatic plants are often used in aquariums since, through the process of photosynthesis, they utilize waste carbon dioxide from the animals' respiration and in turn provide oxygen. An aquarium in which the dissolved gases are kept at the proper concentrations by the physiological activities of the plants and animals is called a balanced aquarium. Certain mollusks, such as snails and mussels, are useful as scavengers, as are some species of fish. Large freshwater and saltwater aquariums are often maintained for research and breeding purposes by universities, marine stations, and wildlife commissions, e.g., those in Naples, Italy; Monaco; Plymouth, England; La Jolla, Calif.; and Woods Hole, Mass. There are also many aquariums throughout the world for public exhibition. Among those in the United States are the New York Aquarium at Brooklyn, N.Y.; the Georgia Aquarium at Atlanta; the John G. Shedd Aquarium at Chicago; Marineland of Florida at Marineland, Fla.; the Monterey Bay Aquarium at Monterey, Calif.; the National Aquarium at Baltimore; the New England Aquarium at Boston, Mass.; the New Jersey State Aquarium at Camden; the Scripps Institute of Oceanography at La Jolla, Calif.; the South Carolina Aquarium at Charleston; the Steinhart Aquarium at San Francisco; the Tennessee Aquarium at Nashville; and the Waikiki Aquarium at Honolulu. BibliographySee B. Brunner, The Ocean at Home: An Illustrated History of the Aquarium (2011). Aquarium(1) A vessel for keeping and raising aquatic animals and plants. The design, shape, and dimensions of aquariums vary greatly according to their purpose and the conditions necessary for maintaining the various items. Aquariums are made either completely of glass or with a metal frame and glass walls; they are sometimes made of plexiglass. As a rule, aquariums are rectangular, of a standard type—that is, equal in height and width, and with a length 1.5 times as long. Sometimes the height is greater than the width; such an aquarium with a beveled front glass is called a “picture tank” and is usually hung on the wall. An essential condition for keeping fish in an aquarium is water with a definite oxygen saturation and a required salt composition. Aquatic plants are placed in aquariums to saturate the water with oxygen. The aquarium should be illuminated 10–12 hours a day. In the light the plants absorb carbon dioxide given off by the fish and produce oxygen; at the same time, the plants assimilate organic and inorganic matter from the water. In such an aquarium, it is merely a matter of removing the accumulated deposits from the bottom, cleaning the glass, and adding settled water to replace the evaporated water. In aquariums of scientific institutions and in transporting aquarium fish, the water is saturated with oxygen by an aerator and is cleaned by filtering it through sand and activated charcoal. It is best to use well-washed gray river sand (particles 2–4 mm in size) as a lining for the bottom of the aquarium. Plants kept in aquariums include those that float on the surface of the water (such as floating liverwort, floating moss, and water lettuce), those that float under the water (such as elodea, water milfoil, and false loosestrife), and rooted plants (such as eel grass, arrowhead, Cape pond-weed, cryptocoryne, and plants of the genus Echinodorus). The top of the aquarium is partially covered with glass. The presence of an aquarium in a room raises the humidity of the air, a fact which is particularly useful in homes with central heating. (2) Special institutions in which examples of marine and freshwater fauna and flora are kept for study and display. They are found in many nations of the world. In the USSR large aquariums are found in the zoos of Moscow, Tallin, Tashkent, and Riga. Aquariums for marine animals are usually located on the seacoast. Such aquariums were first created in the second half of the 19th century (in 1871 in Sevastopol’; in 1872 in Naples). Some marine aquariums are called oceanariums. REFERENCEPolkanov, F. M. Podvodnyi mir v komnate. Moscow, 1966.M. N. IL’IN aquariumAquarium(dreams)aquariumaquarium is not available in the list of acronyms. Check:
aquarium
Synonyms for aquarium
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aquarium - a tank or pool or bowl filled with water for keeping live fish and underwater animals